GEOHGK  R.  CLARK^  «.  I'.  Cl.AS.  P.  S1LVA. 

CLAKKE,  LAYTON  &  CO,, 

REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS, 


In  1853,) 


128  Washington  Street, 

ADJOININO  CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE, 
CHICA.GO,     ILLINOIS. 


BUY  &  SELL  REAL  ESTATE  ON  COMMISSION. 


MONEY  INVESTED  FOR  NON-RESIDENTS. 

We  have  made  from  50  to  200  per  cent,  per  annum 
on  investments  for  Non-residents,  during  the  last 
three  years. 

Refer  to  the  permanent  business  men  of  the  city. 
2 


Heal    Estate    Agents., 

AND 

LOA1V    BROKERS, 

106  Madison  Street,  Room  Ko.  2.  .         CHICAGO. 


ALL  KINDS  OF  PROPERTY  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD. 

A.    M.    KINZIB.  __  QEORQB   H.    K1NZIE. 

MclNTYRE,   PECK   &   CO., 
13O  fcState  Street,        -        - 

IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS,  AND   DEALERS    IN 


OIL  PAINTINGS,  CHROM03,  ENGRAVINGS,  Ac. 
Picture  Mouldings,  Frames,  Cord,  Tassels,  Screw  Eyes, 

Class,  <Stc.,  &c.  *-.'..  . 

EXCLUSIVE  AGENTS  FOR  THE  NORTHWEST  FOR 


Briggs'  New  Patent  Parlor  Billiard  Tables, 

Examine  our  complete  Stock  and  Prices  before  purchasing  elsewhere. 

THE    ONLY    PRACTICAL 

ADDING    MACHINE, 

Which  will  add  swiftly  and  accurately 
EIGHT    COLUMNS   OF   FIGURES    AT   ONCE. 

SIMPLE  !  and  cannot  get  out  of  order.  The  ONLY  Machine  by 
which  fractions  can  be  added  on  the  same  machine,  and  at  the  same 
time.  Invaluable  for  every  branch  of  business.  Buy  no  other  until 
you  have  st-en  it.  I?rioe  JJJ15. 

On  exhibition  and  for  sale  at  94  WASHINGTON  STREET,  CHI- 

CAG0'  only  CMAS.  WAITE,  Jr. 


BOYDEN  &  GRIERSON, 


REAL 


Estate  Agents, 


AND 


LOAN  BROKERS, 
94  LA  SALLE  STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

Merchants  Ins.  Co.'s  Building,  Room  14,  Second  Floor. 


JAMKS  W.  BOYDKN.  JOHN  C.   GRIERSON. 

4 


THOMAS  D.   5NYDER.  J.   LEWIS  LEK. 

Real  Estate 

AND 

LOAN    AGENTS, 

Eoom  4,  Metropolitan  Block, 

Corner  of  Randolph  and  La  Salle  Streets, 

CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS. 


REAL    ESTATE    PURCHASED, 

MANAGED   AND    SOLD. 


Taxes  Paid  for  If  on 


LOANS  MADE  ON  EEAL  ESTATE  IN  CHICAGO 

FOB  A  TERM  OP  YEARS. 

5 


BANKER  BROS.  &  GREENE, 


BROKERS, 

434  La  Sal le  Street,       .        »        .       CH I C AG  O . 

REAL   ESTATE    BOUGHT,   MANAGED    AND    SOLD. 

TAXES   PAID   FOR   NON-RESIDENTS. 

Monies  invested  for  a  term  of  years  on  Bond  and  First  Mortgage. 
Interest  made  payable  semi-annually,  East  or  West,  at 

option  of  lender. 
LOANS    MADE    ON    REAL    ESTATE    IN    CHICAGO. 


We  refer  by  permission  to  Hon.  Wra.  M.  Evarts,  49  Wall  Street, 
New  York  ;  George  W.  Banker,  Esq.,  129  Maiden  Lane,  New  York  ;  H. 
G.  Bulkley,  Esq.,  185  Fulton  Street,  New  York;  Hon.  E.  R.  Hoar, 
Attorney-General  U.  8.,  Washington,  D,  0.  ;  Messrs.  S.  G.  Bowdlear 
&  Co.,  192  and  194  State  Street,  Boston;  J.  E.  Greene,  Esq.,  Editor 
Worcester  Spy,  Worcester,  Mass.  ;  Hon.  Warren  Currier,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  ;  Merrll  Ladd,  Esq.,  President  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  of 
Chicago;  P.  H.  Willard,  Esq.,  Treasurer  of  the  above  Company;  H. 
W.  Hinsdale,  Esq.,  Capitalist,  Chicago;  Benj.  V.  Page,  Esq.,  Vice- 
President  Mechanics'  National  Bank,  Chicago  ;  Fuller,  Finch  &  Fuller, 
Wholesale  Druggists,  Chicago. 

BAIRD    &    BRADLEY, 

Loan  Agency  and  Real  Estate  Office, 

1PHCENIX   BUILDING, 

No,  90  LA  SALLE  STREET,  CHICAGO. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  negotiation  of  LOANS  secured  by 

Bond  and  First  Mortgage,  and  to  the  Management,  Purchase  and 

Sale  of  Real  Estate,  including  the  Payment  of  Taxes,  &o. 

WARREN  &  GOODRICH, 

Real  Estate  Brokers* 

No.    l  '^n  Deartoorn  Street, 

Rooms  I,  2  A3.  CHICAGO    ILL. 


L.  H.  ffTREETER. 
D.  a.  CLABK.  P.  J.  THWAITE8. 

Clark,  Streeter  &  Co,, 


AND    LOAN    AGENTS, 

122  Washington  St.,     CHICAGO. 

Houses  Rented,    Rents  Collected,  Taxes  Paid.      Ap- 
plications for  Insurance  received  here  for 
Lake  County. 


OFFICE, 

D.  M.  Erskine  &  Co ,    Auctioneers, 

WAUKECAN,    LAKE    CO.,    ILL. 


FARMS  AND  WELLINQS  POE  SALE  OR  REFT, 

Correspondence  and  Consignments  solicited. 
7 


OLINGER,  WALLER  &  CO., 

REAL  ESTATE  AGENTS 


AND 


Boom  7,  Union  Bnilding, 

Corner  of  LaSalle  anil  I asMiton  Streets, 

HAVE  A  LARGE  LIST  OF 

IMPROVED   AND    UNIMPROVED 

JEt   O   I*   DB3    JEt   T 

IN  ALL  PARTS  OF  THE  CITY. 


ACRE    PRQ>P1RTY    A    SPECIALTY. 

JOHH  P.  OLDIOKX.  fTILLIAM  8.  WALLUU  «D.  C.  WALLKB. 

a 


CHICAGO. 


fjAND  BOOK  FOR  STRANGERS  &  TOURISTS 


CONTAINING 

HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT;   AN  ACCOUNT   OF  THE    RISE  AND 

PROGRESS  OF  THE  CITY;  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THE  PUBLIC 

BUILDINGS,  CHURCHES,  SCHOOLS,  INSTITUTIONS, 

AND  OBJECTS  OF  INTEREST,  ETC. 

.A.   BOOIC 
INDISPENSABLE   TO   STRANGERS   AND    VISITORS. 


CHICAGO: 

HALTIN,  HAYES  AND  MCCLURE,  PUBLISHERS, 
1869. 


Entered  according-  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1869,  by  HALPIN, 

HAYES  &  MCCLURE,  in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District 

Court  of  the  United  States,  in  the  Northern  District 

of  Illinois. 


Press  of  Church,  Goodman  &  Donnelley. 


GEO.  DELOYNBS.  GEO.  W.  PARENT. 


DELOYNES  &  PAKENT, 


REAL  ESTATE, 


152  MADISON  ST., 


Room   2,  -  Major   Block, 


CHICAGO,  ILL. 

10 


11 


'    II    PI 
.  II*  r  k 

^ 

Real   Estate 


AND 


115  Dearborn  St.,  CHICAGO. 


Particular  attention  paid  to  sub-dividing  and  selling 
property  at  public  and  private  sale.    Will  purchase 
half  interest  with  residents  or  non-residents  and 
divide  proceeds.      Money  loaned  on  best 
real  estate  security,  to  net-lenders  ten 
per  cent.      Taxes  paid   for  non- 
residents and  property 
attended  to. 


REFERENCES: 

A.  C.  &  O.  F.  Badger,  Bankers,  Chicago;  Fourth 
National  Bank,  Chicago;  Geo.  S.  Coe,  President 
American  Exchange  Bank,  New  York;  Chas.  S.  Brown 
President  American  National  Bank,  New  York;  Jay 
Cook  &  Co.,  Bankers,  New  York;  Nathaniel  Harris, 
President  National  Atlantic  Bank,  Boston;  N.  A. 
Burroughs,  President  Ketanning  Coal  Co  ,  Phila- 
delphia ;  Allen,  Copp  &  Nisbet,  Bankers,  St.  Louis. 

12 


•• 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

PAGB. 

Academyof  the  Christian  Brothers 76 

Academy  of  Sciences 80 

Amusement,  places  of 124 

Art  Galleries 142 

Artesian  Wells 55,  59 

Banking  in  Chicago 106 

Boot  and  Shoe  Manufactures 160 

Boulevards  and  Parks 89 

Business  Directory 173 

Catholic  Library  Association 82 

Chamber  of  Commerce 101 

Charitable  Asylums 95 

Charitable  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary 100 

Charity  Dispensary 99 

Chicago  Clearing  House 106 

Chicago  Li  brary  Association 82 

Chicago  Medical  College 78 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary 73 

Chicago  University  .' 71 

Churches  in  Chicago 86,  93 

City  Dispensary 99 

-^Commerce  of  Chicago 26 

Crib,  The  Lake 48 

C  ustom  House 101 

"Dearborn  Park 43 

-Dispensaries    42 

Distances  on  the  Pacific  Railroad  70 

Elevators 28 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge 94 

Foreign  Consuls  in  Chicago 84 

;  Garrett  Biblical  Institute 74 

Grain  Trade 28 

^  Hahnemann  Medical  College 78 

Harbor  and  River 44 

Historical  Retrospect 19 

Historical  Society 81 

Hospitals  and  Dispensaries 97 

Hotel  for  Invalids 94 

Hotels 134 

~  Industrial  School 104 

'     Insurance  Companies 109 

Irish  Literary  Association 82 

iff  Jefferson  Park 43 

Lake  Marine 24 

Lake  Tunnel 49 

Libraries * 81 

Lincoln  Park...  89 


14  Table  of  Contents. 


Literary  and  Scientific  Institutions 80 

Lumber  Trade  . .- 81 

Marine  Hospital 97 

Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  Guide 133 

Medical  Colleges 76 

New  Pier 46 

New  West,  The 68 

Newspapers  and  Publications 85 

Observatory 71 

Opera  House ; 122 

Orphan  Asylums 96 

Pacific  Railroad 63 

Parks  and  Boulevards 89 

Places  of  Amusements 122 

Population  of  Chicago 84 

Population  of  the  New  West 63 

Post  Office 101 

Provision  Trade 29 

Public  Buildings ' 101 

Ravenswood 165 

Reading  Rooms  .. 83 

Real  Estate 22 

Reformatory  Institutions 94 

Restaurants 188 

River  and  Harbor 44 

River  Tunnels 51 

Savings'  Banks 107 

Schools 78 

Slope  of  the  Pacific,  The 63 

South  Side  Parka  and  Boulevards 41 

Steamboat  and  Transportation  Companies 84 

Stock  Yards 56 

Suburban  Villages 165 

Telegraph  Companies 88 

Territory  of  the  New  West 63 

Theatres 122 

Tonnage  of  Vessels 24 

Trade  and  Commerce 21 

Union  Park 42 

Union  Stock  Yards 56 

Universities  and  Colleges 71 

VernonPark 43 

Village  of  Jefferson 170 

Washington  Heights 167 

Washingtonian  Home 94 

Washington  Park 43 

Washington  Street  Tunnel .  51 

West  Side  Parks 42 

Woodland  and  Groveland.. .                                                               .  48 


• 


15 


PATENT    HINGE    TURN-UP    SEAT    DESKS, 

FIVE    SIZES. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF 

Office  Desks  and  School  Furniture. 


o 
tt 


Everything  pertaining  to  the  Furnishing  of  Schools, 
Halls,  Churches  or  Colleges.  Cutter's  Physiological  Charts,  Tab- 
lets. Cards,  Charts  and  Globes  of  all  kinds.  Holbrook  and  Philo- 
sophical Apparatus,  Magic  Lanterns  and  Slides. 

43-  Address  for  Illustrated  Catalogue  and  Prioes  of  each 
department, 

A.  H.  ANDREWS  &  CO.,  Manufacturers, 

111  State  Street.  CHICAGO. 
16 


17 


E.P.DWYER&CO., 


IMPO  RTERS 


D 


RUGGISTS, 

92  AND  94  LAKE  STREET, 
CHICAGO,         -        -        -        ILLINOIS, 

Offer  to  the  Trade  one  of  the  largest  and  most   com- 

plete stocks  to  be  found  in  any  Drug  House  west 

of  New  York  City.     An  examination  of  our 

stock  and  prices  is  respectfully  invited. 

E.  P.  DWYER  &  CO. 


Acids,  Brushes  all  kinds,  Chamois  Skins,  Corks  all  kinds, 
Drugs,  Dye  Woods,  Dye  Stuffs,  Essential  Oils,  Glass- 
ware, all  kinds,  Indigoes.  all  kinds,  Japonica,  Oils,  all 
kinds,  Patent  Medicines,  Rosins,  Sal  Soda,  Soda-Ash, 
Soda,  Caustic,  American ;  Soda,  Caustic,  English ; 
Sponges,  all  kinds,  Tieman  &  Go's  Colors,  Dry  and  in 
Oil,  Tilden  &  Go's  Solid  and  Fluid  Extracts,  Wm. 
Tilden  &  Nephew,  Varnishes,  J.  P.  Smith  &  Sons', 
Varnishes,  Window  Glass,  White  Leads. 

Agents  for  Congress  and  Empire  Spring  Co.  Sara- 
toga Waters,  Getttysburg  Water,  Missisquoi  Water, 
Parke,  Jenning  &  Go's  Fluid  Extracts,  Norwood's 
American  Isinglass. 

The  Qualities  of  the  Goods  In  which  we  deal  will  always  be  of  the 
ver ,  best  obtainable,  and  put  up  neatly  and  carefully  by  experienced 
employees. 

We  do  not  employ  Traveling  Agents,  being  satisfied  Goods  can  be 
sold  at  a  lower  margin  of  profit  by  Customers  sending  us  their  orders 
direct  by  mail.  They  may  rest  assured  of  getting  the  benefit  of  any  de- 
cline in  value  of  Goods,  and  prices  will  be  as  low  as  if  the  purchaser 
were  in  market. 

18 


HISTORICAL  RETROSPECT. 

Early  in  the  year  1673  a  party  of  five  Frenchmen, 
under  the  lead  of  Louis  Joliet,  set  out  from  Canada,  for 
the  purpose  of  discovering  the  source  of  the  Mississippi 
river.  The  celebrated  French  Jesuit,  Pere  Jacques 
Marquette  accompanied  the  party  as  a  missionary 
amongst  the  Indian  tribes.  Returning  home,  after  a 
toilsome  and  adventurous  journey,  they  took  a  different 
route,  and  touching  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan,  they 
entered  the  mouth  of  a  small  creek,  which  the  natives 
called  Chicagon.  This  is  the  first  record  we  find  of 
Chicago  River.  In  1795,  in  a  treaty  with  the  Indian 
tribes  inhabiting  this  part  of  the  country,  the  United 
States  acquired  several  tracts  of  land,  among  which  we 
find  recorded  a  tract  of  land  "  six  miles  square,  at  the 
mouth  of  Chicago  river,"  which  then  entered  the  lake 
about  half  a  mile  south  of  its  present  mouth,  as  de- 
scribed in  a  subsequent  article  in  this  book  treating  of 
the  river.  The  first  white  man  who  became  a  perma- 
nent settler  here  was  Mr.  John  Kinzie,  an  Indian 
trader,  who  crossed  the  lake  from  St.  Joseph,  Michi- 
gan, in  1804.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  commerce  of 
Chicago,  which  then  consisted  simply  in  bartering  with 
the  Indians  for  the  furs  and  peltries  which  were  col- 
lected by  them  in  the  country  bordering  the  Mississippi 
and  Illinois  rivers,  carried  across  the  portage  between 
the  Illinois  and  Chicago  rivers,  and  then  transmitted 
east  in  small  vessels.  About  this  time  the  first  fort 
was  erected — a  common  frontier  block-house,  which 
was  situated  near  the  site  of  Rush  street  bridge,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river.  Outside  the  fort  Chicago  then 
consisted  of  but  five  houses  :  first,  Mr.  Kinzie's,  on  the 
north  side  of  Hie  river,  opposite  the  fort,  and  a  little 
west  of  this  the  residence  of  a  Frenchman,  named 
Ouilmette,  employed  by  Mr.  Kiuzie,  and  still  further 


20  Historical  Retrospect. 

west,  where  the  railroad  depot  on  North  Wells  street 
now  stands,  the  cottage  of  a  discharged  soldier  named 
Burns.  There  was  also  the  agency  house  or  factory, 
where  the  goods  were  stored,  and  the  intercourse  with 
the  Indians  took  place.  This  building  stood  west  of 
and  outside  the  fort;  south  of  this  again  was  Mr. 
Lee's  farm. 

The  Indian  tribes  who  occupied  the  country  around 
Chicago  were  the  Potawatomies,  the  Miamies,  the 
Winnebagoes,  the  Sauks  and  Foxes,  and  the  Kicka- 
poos.  On  the  loth  of  August,  1812,  occurred  the  fear- 
ful Indian  massacre,  which  forms  such  a  dark  and 
bloody  epoch  in  the  early  history  of  Chicago. 

In  July,  1815,  at  a  grand  congress  of  the  Indian 
tribes  of  the  Northwest,  assembled  at  Portage  des 
Sioux,  on  the  Mississippi,  a  treaty  of  peace  was  negoti- 
ated between  them  and  the  United  States  Government. 
By  another  treaty,  made  in  August,  1816,  all  the  region 
of  country  lying  between  the  Illinois  river  and  Chicago 
was  ceded  to  the  United  States.  This  was  effected,  it 
is  said,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a  canal  to  connect 
Lake  Michigan  with  the  Illinois  river.  Four  years 
after  the  massacre  by  the  Indians  and  destruction  of 
the  fort  the  troops  returned  to  the  neighborhood,  and 
erected  a  new  fort  on  the  site  of  the  former  one.  This 
last  remained  standing  as  late  as  1857,  when  it  was 
removed  by  the  city  authorities. 

In  this  new  fort  the  troops  remained  until  May,  1823, 
when  the  place  was  left  to  the  care  of  the  Indian  agent 
and  several  families  who  had  arrived  here.  In  1828 
the  fort  was  again  occupied  by  troops,  a  second  mas- 
sacre being  threatened  by  the  Winnebagoes.  In  1882, 
at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Sauk  war,  the  fort  was  gar- 
risoned by  a  detachment  of  regular  troops  under  com- 
mand of  Gen.  Scott.  In  1836  the  Indians  were  removed, 
and  the  fort  had  no  further  need  of  a  garrison.  In 
1830  Chicago  had  twelve  houses  and  three  suburban 
residences  on  Madison  street.  The  population  num- 
bered about  one  hundred  souls,  including  half  breed 
Indians  and  negroes.  August  10th,  1833,  the  town  of 
Chicago  was  organized,  by  the  election  of  five  trustees. 
There  were  then  twenty-eight  voters.  The  town  was 


Trade  and  Commerce.  21 

incorporated  as  a  city  March  4th,  1837,  and  the  first 
municipal  election  was  held  May  1st,  1837.  On  the  1st 
of  July  of  this  year  the  first  official  census  was  taken. 
Population,  4,170.  The  city  then  contained  4  store- 
houses, 398  dwellings,  29  stores  for  dry  goods  and  vari- 
eties, 5  hardware  stores,  3  drug,  and  19  grocery  and 
provision  stores,  10  taverns,  26  groceries,  17  lawyer's 
offices,  and  5  churches. 

The  only  news  of  the  outside  world  obtained  in  those 
days  was  by  a  half-breed  Indian,  wlio  journeyed  on 
foot,  once  in  two  weeks,  to  Niles,  Michigan,  for  papers 
and  letters,  the  trip  usually  consuming  a  week. 

The  first  Circuit  Court  was  held  in  1831.  The  pub- 
lic expenses  of  Cook  County,  which  then  included  Du 
Page,  Lake,  McHenry,  and  Will  counties,  for  the  year 
1832,  were  $252.35,  and  the  receipts  from  licenses  and 
taxes,  to  pay  the  same,  amounted  to  $278.28. 

Such  is  a  brief  outline  of  the  more  notable  events 
which  marked  the  early  days  of  Chicago.  But  little 
more  than  sixty  years  since  the  first  white  man  made 
this  his  home — here,  where  now  the  merchant  princes 
of  a  great  metropolis  luxuriate  in  costly  marble  palaces, 
and  view  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  whitened  by 
the  argosies  of  a  vast  commerce — fifty  years  ago  the 
savages  of  the  wilderness  satisfied  their  thirst  for  blood, 
and  exultingly  celebrated  by  the  blaze  of  a  burning  fort 
the  massacre  of  its  garrison. 


TRADE  AND  COMMERCE. 

In  1840  Chicago  was  a  trading  post,  on  the  extreme 
Indian  frontier,  unknown  except  as  a  government  post. 
In  1869  her  fame  as  a  great  city,  unique  and  unpar- 
alled  in  her  progress,  is  world  wide.  The  history  of 
centuries  is  comprised  in  her  story,  embracing  a  span 
of  not  more  than  half  an  ordinary  life  time.  A  stranger 
visiting  Chicago,  seems  to  enter  into  a  new  world. 
Here  alone  he  can  form  some  just  conception  of  that 
almost  illimitable  territory  which  lies  beyond  the  great 


22 


Trade  and  Commerce. 


Trade  and  Commerce.  23 

rivers  of  the  West, —  the  Ohio,  Mississippi  and  "Wis- 
consin. This  immense  territory,  rapidly  tilling  up  with 
a  hardy  population,  whose  labor  causes  the  teeming 
virgin  soil  to  bring  forth  abundantly  of  her  inexhaust- 
ible wealth,  is  netted  with  railways  and  intersected  with 
canals  and  water  courses,  of  which  Chicago  is  the 
entrepot  and  mart ;  and  from  whence  depart  every  hour 
of  the  day  and  night  vessels  innumerable,  leviathan 
propellers,  and  mammoth  trains  loaded  to  their  fullest 
capacity  with  grain  and  provisions  for  eastern  ports,  to 
be  thence  transhipped  to  Europe 

Cnicago  is  the  centre  of  the  greatest  railway  system 
in  the  world.  Not  a  section  of  the  great  Northwest 
but  is  connected  with  it  by  rail.  The  Chicago  and 
Northwestern  Railway  stretches  away  to  Lake  Supe- 
rior, and  with  the  St.  Paul  road,  bisects  Wisconsin,  and 
penetrates  Minnesota,  tapping  the  entire  railway  sys- 
tems of  those  States,  and  striking  the  line  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railway,  the  Galena  division  of  the 
same  road. 

The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  road,  and  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  road  respectively, 
connect  with  the  Iowa  railroads,  extending  into  Ne- 
braska, and  connect  at  Omaha  with  the  Union  Pacific 
railroad.  The  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  road 
connects  also  with  the  Hannibal  and  St.  Joseph  road, 
passing  through  northern  Missouri  to  St.  Joseph,  which 
is  connected  by  rail  with  Lawrence,  Kansas,  where 
another  connection  is  made  with  a  branch  of  the  Union 
line  to  the  Pacific.  These  various  lines,  together  with 
the  Chicago,  Alton  and  St.  Louis,  the  Illinois  Central, 
and  the  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  constitute  the  main 
western  lines  of  railway  centering  at  Chicago,  and  with 
their  connections,  place  the  entire  Northwest  under 
tribute  to  that  city. 

The  aggregate  length  of  the  lines  of  railway  radi- 
ating from  Chicago,  is  over  8,000  miles.  Besides  com- 
manding the  trade  of  the  interior  by  its  numerous  lines 
of  railways  and  its  water  communications  by  canal 
with  the  Illinois  river,  it  is  at  the  head  of  lake  naviga- 
tion, and  has  access  to  the  ocean  by  natural  and  arti- 
ficial outlets  for  vessels  that  safely  cross  the  Atlantic. 


24  Trade  and  Commerce. 

A  very  short  time  hence-  these  outlets  will  be  so 
increased  that  Chicago  will  be  able  to  send  her  marine 
direct  to  the  ocean  vii  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Missis- 
sippi. In  183G  a  few  schooners  supplied  this  region 
with  goods  from  Ohio.  Now  the  lake  marine 
exhibits  the  following  figures  : 

TONNAGE  OP  VESSELS 

Owned  in1  the  District  of  Chicago,  that  were  engaged 
in  trade  during  1867-8  : 

8  Steamers   with 8,181  Tonnage 

18  Propellers  "    6,020 

83  Tugs  " 977 

41  Barks  "    18,899 

4  Barges  ••    1,934 

15  Brigs  "     8,600 

267  Schooners  "    48,968 

87  Scows  "     2,934 

2  Sloops  ••    16 

410  Total  " 76,369 

227  Canal  boats  with 19,784 

96,153 
26  Vessels  lost  during  the  year 8,640 

92,513        " 
TONNAGE  OP  VESSELS 

Owned  in  other  Districts  of  the  United  States,  that 
came  to  the  Port  of  Chicago  during  1867-8  : 

2  Steamers  with 2,190  Tonnage 

T4  Propellers  "    51,053 

14  Tugs  "     910 

90  Barks  ••    28,155 

21  Brigs  "    5,504 

895  Schooners  "    85,«48 

81  Scows          "    2,748 

1  Barge          "    814 

«28  Vessels         "    176,511 

The  number  of  foreign  vessels  that  arrived  at  the 
port  of  Chicago,  including  two  from  Liverpool,  England, 
was  as  follows : 

8  Propellers 2,859  Tons. 

26  Barks 8,808 

2Brigs 574 

22  Schooners 5,850 

58  Vessels..,  17,091  Tons. 


Trade  and  Commerce.  25 

Whole  number  of  vessels  and  their  tonnage  which 
entered  the  port  of  Chicago  during  1867,  compared  with 
1866: 

Number  of  seagoing  Vessels  entered  Chicago 

duringlS66 997  251,017  Tons. 

Number  of  Canal  Boats  owned  in   Chicago 

Dec.  81,  1866 230  20,059    " 

Total  number  which  entered  Chicago 

in  1866  engaged  in  trade 1,227  271,163  Tons. 

Total  number  in  1S67 1,323  289,665    " 

Gaininl867 96  18,629  Tons. 

During  the  year  1867  there  were  received  for  tolls  on 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  $113,482  29. 

DIRECT  SHIPMENTS  FROM  CHICAGO  TO 
LIVERPOOL. 

The  shipments  from  Chicago  to  Liverpool  direct  for 
the  season  of  1867-8,  were  more  than  double  the  pre- 
ceding season.  There  were  forwarded  by  Webster's 
European  Express,  ma  New  York,  9,446  packages  of 
provisions,  weighing  1,675  tons;  and  via  Portland, 
13,512  packages,  weighing  2,954  tons,— in  all,  22,958 
packages,  weighing  4,619  tons. 

The  area  of  the  lakes,  including  Georgian  Bay,  in 
square  miles,  is  nearly,  if  not  quite  equal  to  the  Mediter- 
ranean, while  the  whole  extent  of  the  coast,  taking  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  is  far  greater.  The  shore  line  of  the 
lakes  is  estimated  at  6,240  miles. 

If  we  cast  our  eyes  over  the  map  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, we  are  equally  surprised  to  perceive,  whether 
from  the  difference  of  institutions,  governments,  or 
peoples,  that  notwithstanding  the  antiquity  of  its  ad- 
vantages, so  to  speak,  there  is  but  one  port  which  is  as 
flourishing  as  Chicago,  and  none  which  has  risen  so 
rapidly  or  is  likely  to  advance  so  far. 

Marseilles  is  the  third  city  in  France,  ranking  next 
to  Paris  and  Lyons.  According  to  the  most  recent 
accounts,  its  population  is,  even  now,  but  about  thirty 
thousand  more  than  that  of  Chicago,  if  even  that; 
though  Marseilles  existed  six  hundred  years  before  the 
Christian  era,  and  \ras  a  free  commercial  city  in  the 


26  Trade  and  Commerce. 

year  1226.  The  tonnage  of  French  vessels  now  engaged 
in  its  foreign  trade  appears  from  our  latest  Consular 
returns  to  be  but  180,000  tons;  while  that  of  Chicago, 
as  we  have  already  stated,  amounts  to  255,000.  So,  too, 
of  Genoa,  the  proud,  the  great  port  of  Italy.  This  city, 
old  and  beautifully  picturesque  though  it  be,  has  not 
as  many  inhabitants  as  Chicago,  and  no  such  com- 
mercial activity.  The  operations  of  a  single  hour  in 
the  latter  would,  in  Genoa,  appear  like  an  insurrection. 
And  so  we  might  proceed  to  contrast  every  other  city 
on  the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean,  all  old  and  flourish- 
ing, perhaps,  in  the  European  sense,  but  none  of  them 
resembling  the  busy,  growing,  flourishing  and  com- 
manding city  of  Chicago. 

The  prosperity  of  its  inhabitants  has  proceeded  step 
by  step  with  that  of  the  city,  and  nowhere  can  be  found 
more  of  the  comforts  and  elegancies  of  life,  nowhere  a 
greater  liberality  of  bestowment  for  any  good  and  patri- 
otic purpose. 

But  it  is  sufficient  for  us  at  this  time  to  look  at  Chi- 
cago as  she  is,  with  interminable  lines  of  railwav,  which 
reach  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Atlantic,  with  a 
uniform  guage,  radiating  in  all  directions  over  our  fer- 
tile Western  plains  and  prairies,  and  which,  after  cut- 
ting through  rocks  sparkling  with  gold  and  silver,  are 
to  terminate  only  on  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  It  is 
sufficient  to  consider  that  she  is  the  mistress  and  at  the 
head  of  navigation  of  the  largest  inland  seas  on  this 
continent,  and  that  her  sails  whiten  and  her  screws  toss 
into  foam  the  purest  and  most  beautiful  of  waters. 
"With  a  vast  domestic  and  increasing  colonial  trade, 
likely  to  be  facilitated  by  the  enlargement  of  the  present 
canals  of  Canada,  or  the  construction  of  new  ones  by 
natural  routes  such  as  the  earliest  missionaries  dis- 
covered, there  seems  to  be  no  limitation  to  her  exten- 
sion or  prosperity.  Chicago,  therefore,  may  be  set  up 
as  a  standard  American  city,  for  the  admiration  of  the 
world. 

THE  COMMERCE  OF  CHICAGO. 

THE  GRAIN  TRADE. 

By  far  the  most  interesting  and  remarkable  feature 
of  the  business  of  Chicago  is  the  grain  trade,  which, 


Trade  and  Commerce.  27 

starting  up  a  little  more  than  twenty-seven  years  ago, 
has  developed  with  such  rapidity,  and  has  already 
reached  proportions  so  gigantic  as  to  stamp  it  as  one  of 
the  chief  marvels  of  the  history  of  modern  commerce. 
Who,  dating  back  to  1838,  when  the  sum  total  of  the 
grain  trade  of  Chicago  was  seventy-eight  buxhels,  could 
have  realized  the  marvel  that  thirty  years  would  pro- 
duce. Then,  the  only  trade  of  the  city  was  supplied  by 
two  small  vessels;  now,  Chicago  estimates  the  tonnage 
of  her  fleets  by  thousands,  and  takes  rank  as  the  leading 
grain  market  of  the  world.  The  trade  and  commerce 
of  the  Mississippi  river  has  not  kept  pace  with  the  de- 
velopment of  the  country  through  which  it  runs,  and 
for  which  it  is  the  regular  channel  to  the  ocean.  The 
artificial  highways  of  trade,  canals  and  railroads,  have 
tapped  the  West,  and  carried  its  products  eastward 
across  the  continent.  The  grain  trade  of  the  West  has 
been  diverted  almost  entirely  to  the  lakes,  the  Erie  canal, 
the  St.  Lawrence  river,  or  the  six  great  trunk  lines  of 
railroad  that  diverge  from  the  heart  of  the  West  to  the 
seaboard.  Thus  has  the  Mississippi  ceased  to  be  the 
outlet  to  the  ocean  for  the  grain  traffic  of  the  West. 
The  reasons  for  the  change  are  apparent,  its  advantages 
many.  The  risk  of  damage  to  grain  or  flour,  which 
was  very  liable  to  receive  damage  from  heat  by  passing 
through  the  Southern  latitudes  of  the  gulf  during  the 
summer  months,  is  greatly  decreased,  and  the  uncer- 
tainty of  river  navigation  is  removed,  while  the  advan- 
tages of  cheaper  and  speedier  transportation  by  rail- 
roads and  canals  on  the  Northern  route,  with  the  better 
markets  afforded  on  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  have  aided 
chiefly  to  effect  this  change. 

The  following  figures,  compiled  from  the  official 
report  of  Chicago  Board  of  Trade,  will  afford  the 
stranger  some  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  grain  trade  of 
Chicago. 

THE   ELEVATORS. 

Overhanging  the  river  on  either  side  are  to  be  seen 
large,  sombre,  gloomy-looking  buildings,  erected  for 
the  purpose  of  receiving  and  discharging  the  enormous 
quantities  of  grain  which  are  continually  pouring  into 
this  market.  Their  number  and  capacity  are  as  follows : 


28 


Trade  and  Commerce. 


Trade  and  Commerce. 


29 


The  following  table  shows  the  movements  of  flour 
and  grain  during  1868  as  compared  with  1858. 


RECEIVED. 


1868. 


1858. 

66'2,540 
9,689,614 
8,252,641 
2,888,^97 
T1,0i2 

413,812 


Flour  In  barrels  .....................   ........     1,321.205 

Wheat  in  bushels.  ...........................  18,930,857 

Corn        "  ............................  26,186,256 

Oats         "  ............................  13,554,827 

Rye  "  ............................     1,400,896 

Barley      "  ............................    2,484,450 

FORWARDED. 

Flour  in  barrels  .............................  2,246,280  470,462 

Wheat  in  bushels  ............................  12,950,2(.»3  8,850,257 

Corn        "            ............................  28,062,529  7.726,264 

Oats         "            ............................  12,425,950  1,519,066 

Rye           "            ...........................  1,864,566  7,569 

Barley      "            ............................  2;485,959  132,020 

THE  PROVISION  TRADE. 

The  provision  trade  of  Chicago  dates  its  commence- 
ment from  the  year  1835,  when  5,000  head  of  cattle  was 
the  total  number  cut  and  packed  in  the  city.  From 
that  time  until  the  season  of  1864-5,  Chicago  furnished 
almost  one-third  of  the  entire  number  packed  in  the 
western  states.  Cincinnati,  for  a  number  of  years,  was 
the  leading  packing  point,  and  was,  in  consequence, 
called  the  Porkopolisof  the  country.  In  1861,  although 
Cincinnati  showed  no  considerable  decrease  in  the 
number  of  hogs  packed,  still  she  had  to  yield  the  palm 
to  her  younger  competitor.  During  that  season  nearly 
one  million  hogs  were  cut  up  and  packed  in  Chicago, 
being  two  fifths  of  the  entire  packing  of  the  west.  The 
number  of  firms  now  engaged  in  packing  is  forty-six 
in  pork,  and  nine  in  beef.  The  following  table  gives 
the  receipts  and  shipments  of  hogs,  with  the  number 
packed  in  a  series  of  years  : 
Yfftr.  Received. 


1844 

1835 

1887 

1851-2 

1852-3 65,158 

1853-4 73,980 

1854^5 188,515 


Skipped. 


54,156          78,694 


J'ackfd. 
388 
1,000 
1,400 
5,000 
12,000 
22,036 
44,156 


30  Trade  and  Commerce. 

Year.  Rece.ivcd.      Shh 

1855-6 803.539            1TO.881  80,:'-80 

ia^-7 220,702            103.074  74,000 

1S57-8 214,223             88,546  99,262 

1853 640,486           19.',013  179,634 

1859 271,204            110,246  151,339 

1860 392,864           '.'27,164  271,805 

18H1  (575.902           2^9,094  505. (591 

1862 1,343.890           491,135  970  2<H 

1863 1.677,757           856,485  904659 

1864-5 1,410,320          536,437  760,514 

1865-6  1.173832           662.566  607,«55 

1866-7 l,341,r>56           672,769  689,382 

1867-8 1,883,373        1,033,118  796,225 

1868-9 1,997,506        1,181,344  (597,954 

The    following   shows  the  numbers  of  live  stock 

received  by  railroad  during  the  season  of  1868  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  1867 : 

1868.  13(57. 

Beef  cattle ,      324,624  834.138 

Hogs 1,705,863  1,696,748 

Sheep 270,875  179,888 

The  following  table  shows  the  result  of  the  packing 
business  in  the  west  during  the  season  of  1868-9  com- 
pared with  that  of  1867-8 : 


1867-8. 

Ohio 562,955  644,657 

Illinois 1,063,496  80fi,OS4 

Indiana 821,883  326,658 

Kentucky 157,8-0  188,426 

Missouri..   883,011  861,067 

Wisconsin 174,958  129,094 

Iowa 182,944  126,835 

Total 2J98^832  M77,264 

2,477,2(54 

Decrease 816,768 

The  packing-houses  of  Chicago  are  mainly  located  in 
Bridgeport,  on  both  banks  of  the  south  branch  of  the 
river.  The  buildings  are  mainly  substantial  brick  struc- 
tures. Steam  machinery  now  performs  much  of  the  labor 
formerly  done  by  hand.  It  is  a  curious  and  instructive 
scene  to  witness  the  operations  of  a  large  packing- 
house during  the  busy  season,  and  will  repay  the  trou- 
ble and  time  spent. 


Trade  and  Commerce.  81 


THE  LUMBER  TRADE. 

Chicago  is  admirably  situated  for  a  first-class  lumber 
market  for  the  people  of  the  Northwest.  The  lumber 
regions  of  Canada,  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  inex- 
haustible as  it  would  seem,  are  all  accessible  to  the 
lake*,  and  lumber  is  readily  transported  hither  at  a 
trifling  expense,  so  that,  in  purchasing  here,  dealers 
can  do  almost  as  well  as  if  in  the  very  heart  of  the  lum- 
ber region,  many  miles  distant  The  lumber  trade  of 
Chicago  ranks  next  in  importance  to  the  grain  trade, 
and  continues  to  make  gigantic  strides  each  succeeding 
year,  keeping  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  city  and 
the  development  of  the  Northwest.  The  receipts  of 
lumber  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  March  31.  1868,  were 
882,661,770  feet,  against  730,057,168  feet  for  the  year 
previous.  The  shipments  were  518,973,354  feet.  The 
receipts  of  shingles  were  447,039,275,  and  the  shipments 
480,980,500.  The  increase  in  the  latter  over  the  former 
can  in  part  be  attributed  to  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
large  number  of  shingle  factories  in  our  city.  These, 
in  a  great  measure,  help  to  meet  the  pressing  demand 
from  all  parts  of  the  south  and  west.  The  receipts  of 
lath  were  146,846,280,  and  the  shipments  70,587,194. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Kectipt*.  Shipment*. 

Seeds,  Ibs 88.962,897  19,058,921 

Salt,  bbls 492,129  455,740 

Salt,  sacks 21,081  8,263 

Hides,  Ibs 28,522,066  27,739,099 

Highwines,  gals 1 ,454,228 

Lead, Ibs ..11,286,957  4,162,077 

Wool.lbs 11,213,999  11,293,717 


32 


Trade  and  Commerce. 


lilii 


Real  Estate.  33 


REAL  ESTATE. 

ACCORDING  to  the  estimate  of  many,  even  citizens  of 
Chicago,  whom  the  experience  of  the  past  should  have 
taught  better,  every  advance  in  real  estate  has  been  set 
down  as  the  result  of  artificial  inflation.  Always,  a 
reaction  was  about  to  set  in  and  a  fail  in  prices  that 
must  surely  prove  ruinous  to  the  unlucky  wight  who 
should  have  the  boldness  to  base  his  speculations,  in  the 
purchase  of  real  estate,  upon  his  faith  in  the  future 
greatness  of  a  city,  the  heart  of  which  was  planted  in  a 
swamp  on  the  banks  of  a  sluggish  stream  whose  mouth 
was  barred  by  an  ever-increasing  sand-bank.  The 
poor  laborer  who,  in  the  early  days  of  the  city,  was 
compelled  to  receive  a  portion  of  his  hard-earned  dole 
in  city  lots,  was  an  object  of  commiseration.  And 
even  to  this  day  we  find  croakers  who,  when  a  man  of 
moderate  means  stints  and  saves  to  enable  him,  by  the 
expenditure  of  his  last  dollar,  to  make  his  first  pay- 
ment on  a  lot,  hold  him  up  as  a  marvel  of  blind  folly. 
Still,  these  transactions  have  gone  on,  and  hundreds  of 
instances  can  be  pointed  out  to  day  in  which  poor  men 
who  had  perforce  to  take  lots  in  part  payment  of 
their  earnings  in  despite  of  themselves,  have  suddenly 
awakened  to  the  fact  that  those  same  lots,  so  sadly 
despised,  and  the  cause  of  so  much  commiseration  to 
their  owners,  have  made  them  independently  rich. 

Our  building  enterprises  also  come  in  for  a  full 
measure  of  censure  from  the  same  class  of  people. 
The  five  to  six  thousand  neat  frame  dwellings  which 
every  year  add  so  many  comfortable  and  pleasant-look- 
ing homes  for  the  laborer,  mechanic,  and  man  of  small 
means,  are  looked  upon  as  the  mushroom  sprouts  of  a 
spurious  and  unhealthy  growth  ;  while  such  magnifi- 
cent edifices  as  are  rapidly  covering  the  whole  business 
section  of  the  city  as  altogether  too  extravagant  —  too 
far  in  advance  of  the  times,  and  sure  to  result  in  utter 
ruin  to  their  projectors,  and  hasten  the  return- of  the 
dreaded  "crash"  or  "crisis."  But  the  work  still  goes 
3 


34  Real  Estate. 

on ;  no  sooner  is  it  announced  that  another  grand 
"block"  or  "building"  is  to  be  erected  in  such  a  place 
than  the  architect's  office  is  besieged,  and  usually  before 
the  foundations  are  laid  every  choice  place  in  the 
building  is  leased  in  advance.  At  no  time  in  the  his- 
tory of  Chicago  have  rents  been  firmer  than  during  the 
renting  season  of  1869.  A  certain  evidence  of  healthy, 
vigorous  growth  is  that  the  business  portion  of  the  city 
is  rapidly  extending,  not  changing,  its  location. 

Within  the  memory  of  men  yet  living  in  onr  midst, 
Chicago  was  a  mere  trading  post  on  the  extreme  Indian 
frontier.  So  late  as  1840,  the  population  was  less  than 
5,000,  and  this  memorable  year  of  1869  it  is  estimated 
to.be  considerably  over  300,000.  Why  attempt  to  scan 
the  future?  The  past  has  realized  more  than  her  most 
sanguine  prophet  ever  dreamed  Looking  back  at  what 
Chicago  was  in  her  early  days,  and  comparing  her 
with  other  and  older  cities,  we  may  well  wonder  at  her 
progress;  but  if  we  but  look  a  little  deeper  into  the 
matter,  and  seek  out  the  true  causes  of  her  wondrous 
and  unprecedented  growth,  surprise  at  the  reality  gives 
place  to  almost  wonder  that  it  is  not  greater.  For, 
lying  behind  the  g  'eat  FACT  of  the  city,  are  greater 
facts  which  justify  an  expectation  beyond  what  the 
iiiost  sagacious  or  sanguine  have  indulged.  These, — 
numerous  to  consider  in  detail,  and  fortunately  too 
familiar  and  obvious  to  be  more  than  suggested, — are  all 
to  be  referred,  first,  to  the  extent  and  richness  of  the 
region  which  the  city  immediately  subsidizes  ;  secondly, 
to  the  relations  between  it  and  more  remote  lands  and 
interests.  "  Chicago  can  scarcely  be  called  a  great  city, 
in  fact,  yet, — only  a  little  over  a  quarter  of  a  million 
inhabitants ;  ana  he  who  only  estimates  the  resources  of 
Illinois  alone  must  see  that  they  are  more  than  enough, 
and  are  sufficiently  tributary  to  Chicago  to  secure 
her  present  status  forever.  The  proposed  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  is  no  less  a  Chicago  interest  than  are 
the  Union  or  Central  Pacific  to  be.  The  freshest  tyro 
in  Lake  Superior  topography  knows  that  the  talk 
about  eastern  railway  outlets  in  that  direction  is  the 
sheerest  nonsense.  Whatever  of  trade  from  those  vast 
regions  north  of  the  latitude  of  Chicago  does  not  reach 


Real  Estate.  35 

eastern  markets  by  vessel,  must  infallibly  come  here, 
while  the  lake  marine  engaged  therein  will  more  and 
more  be  owned  and  controlled  here.  There  is  nothing 
disastrous  to  Chicago  pretensions  in  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  scheme,  and  if  there  were,  the  danger 
would  be  little  imminent  in  view  of  the  status  of  the 
Pacific  road  already  built." 

The  project  of  a  ship  canal  across  the  Isthmus  of 
Darien,  which,  if  successful,  would,  no  doubt,  divert 
commerce  from  the  Chicago  trans-continental  railway 
line,  has  been  demonstrated  to  be  wholly  impracticable 
short  of,  at  least,  twenty  years,  and  in  view  of  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Pacific  road,  there  is  no  demand  for  Mr. 
Seward's  pet  project.  But,  even  if  built,  it  would  be 
available  only  for  steamers,  inasmuch,  as  sailing  vessels 
would  have  to  be  towed  to  and  from  a  point  two  hun- 
dred miles  at  cea,  through  a  region  of  perpetual  calms, 
or  light  baffling  winds,  before  reaching  the  track  of 
north-east  and  south-west  trade  winds.  They  could  go 
round  Cape  Horn,  as  they  do  now,  far  more  profitably, 
taking  into  consideration  the  canal -toll,  the  cost  of 
tonnage,  and  the  increased  insurance  premiums  over 
rates  chargeable  on  vessels  keeping  in  the  open  sea. 

In  the  recent  strife  between  the  great  track  lines  pene- 
trating from  the  seaboard  to  the  interior  in  which  each 
has  sought  to  secure  to  itself  advantages  over  the  other 
in  its  connection  with  the  vast  railway  system  of  Chi- 
cago ;  Chicago  was  declared  to  be  the  real  objective 
point  of  the  contest.  The  traffic  of  the  great  West  — 
of  the  rapidly  developing  regions  beyond  the  Missis- 
sippi valley  and  beyond  the  backbone  of  the  Continent, 
even  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  of  Asia  —  was  the  prize  ; 
and  Chicago,  being  "  the  concentrating  point  of  all 
that  vast  traffic,"  (vide  New  York  I'tmes,)  became  the 
goal  which  it  was  necessary  to  win.  Without  that  the 
New  York  and  Erie  Railroad  can  not  compete  for  the 
Pacific  trade  with  either  of  its  powerful  rivals,  the 
New  York  Central  or  the  Pennsylvania  Central. 
With  that  the  three  grand  trunk  lines  will  stand  on  a 
footing  of  equal  advantage.  "  This  contest  being 
decided  in  the  common  interest  of  all,  the  next  strug- 


36  Real  Estate. 

gle,"  says  the  New  York  Tribune,  "will  be  for  the 
control  of  the  lines  from  Chicago  to  Omaha." 

The  North-western,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
and  Pacific,  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
roads  have  completed  their  lines  from  Chicago  to 
Omaha ;  so  that  there  are  three  independent  lines  in 
operation  from  the  seaboard,  through  Chicago,  con- 
necting with  the  Union  Pacific  road  to  San  Francisco. 

Not  less  full  of  promise  to  Chicago  is  the  Kansas  sys- 
tem of  railroads,  enjoying  common  connection  with  Chi- 
cago at  Leavenworth.  Through  this,  the  best  region  of 
New  Mexico  and  Texas  will  be  brought  to  our  door. 

Say  that  all  this  growth  and  activity  —  so  varied,  so 
intense,  so  far-reaching,  so  hopeful  and  determined 
which  constitute  Chicago,  are  past  finding  out  in  their 
remote  cause  ;  say  that  a  metropolis  so  entirely  out  of 
what  might  have  been  expected  to  be  the  true  course  of 
trans-Mississippi  commerce  from  seaboard  to  seaboard, 
was  ostensibly  improbable.  Yet,  how  far  more  impro- 
bable now  —  that  a  great,  growing,  wealthy,  vigorous 
and  ambitious  metropolis  once  built  here,  productive 
capital  once  accumulated  and  utilized  here,  a  dozen  great 
and  extending  railroad  lines  once  concentrated  here  from 
East,  North,  West,  and  South  —  that  such  a  change  as 
some  anticipate,  indeed  that  any  change  for  the  worse, 
should  take  place  within  our  century  in  the  center  and 
current  of  enterprise  once  established  at  so  great  cost, 
and  founded  deep  in  the  harmony  of  so  many  vast, 
distinct  and  otherwise  conflicting  interests.  Consider 
alone  the  railroad  business  ;  throw  out  of  the  problem 
altogether  all  others  —  stock,  grain,  etc.,  equally  com- 
manding; and  reflect  what  concern  the  old  roads, 
which  are  constantly  expending  their  incomes  in  in- 
creasing their  facilities,  and  the  new  roads  which  at 
immense  cost  are  incessantly  pushing  into  new  fields 
and  subordinating  them,  have  in  the  perpetuity  of  ar- 
rangements, whose  solidest  motive  lies  thus  far  almost 
solely  in  the  future.  That  these  vital  connections  with 
surrounding  commonwealths  once  exist,  is  the  strongest 
possible  reason  why  they  should  continue  to  exist. 
Hard  earned  capital,  deaf-bought  commercial  experi- 
ence iringing  to  their  aid  sciences  laboriously  built 


Heal  Estate.  37 

up  and  arts  patiently  mastered  —  are  never  Quixotic. 
The  cost  will  be  ever  counted  of  expending  millions  in 
first  establishing  channels  of  trade,  and  then  thousands 
of  millions  in  directing  it  therefrom.  Simply  because  it 
is  cheaper  and  surer  to  employ  existing  channels  than  t» 
construct  new  ones,  the  old  ones  will  be  employed ; 
and  capital  seeking  investment  will  find  it  in  existing 
enterprises,  in  preference  to  expending  itself  on  the 
superfluous  and  problematical.  The  only  necessity 
that  can  lead  to  the  opening  of  new  lines  will  be  that 
which  lies  in  the  fact  that  existing  lines  have  become 
inadequate  to  the  increased  demand ;  and  in  that  fact 
•we  find  the  very  promise  of  Chicago's  permanent 
greatness,  in  which  her  citizens  have  an  abiding  faith, 
and  which  is  now  stimulating  capital  to  seek  invest- 
ment here.  We  say  "  investment "  generally  ;  for  in 
this  respect  the  real  estate  "  movement,"  as  it  is  called, 
is  but  the  complement  of  an  activity  which  extends  not 
alone  to  commerce,  but  embraces  manufacturing  enter- 
prise, and  the  growth  of  the  arts,  useful  and  ornamental 
as  well.  .  The  expenditure  of  eight  or  ten  millions 
annually  in  building,  and  the  ten  or  twelve  millions  of 
real  estate  transfers,  in  which  from  fifty  to  seventy-five 
millions  of  dollars  annually  change  hands,  constitute 
a  fact  too  great  to  be  considered  as  standing  by  itself. 
It  has  its  meaning  in  facts  equally  momentous  and 
imposing.  In  this  connection  it  is  worth  while  to  note 
the  prevailing  fact  in  regard  to  Chicago  real  estate, 
that  this  "  movement  "  has  been  identical  with  that  of 
the  city  in  population,  industry  and  commercial  import- 
ance ;  in  all  of  which,  carrying  real  estate  along  with  it, 
there  has,  upon  the  whole,  been  very  decided  progress 
from  decade  to  decade.  Of  the  two  or  three  periods  of 
depression  that  have  been  experienced,  not  one  has 
extended  to  five  years.  As  with  the  ocean,  there  has 
been  recession  here  and  there,  and  now  and  then  ;  but 
these  have  been  in  the  nature  of  an  ebb  in  the  tide, 
which  to  those  who  have  had  faith  and  pluck  enough 
to  take  it,  has  soon  proved  a  flood  tide,  and  borne  them 
on  to  fortune. 

The  particular  explanation  of  this  is  found  in  the 
even  pace  which  building  enterprise  and  real  estate 


38  Real  Estate. 

activity  have  uniformly  kept.  For  instance,  on  the 
removal  of  Camp  Douglas,  the  ground  of  that  and 
adjoining  localities  was  subdivided  and  sold.  Promi- 
nent among  these  was  the  Grove  property,  and  the 
Wentworth  tract, — about  four  and  two  years  ago 
respectively.  The  former  was  held  at  $35  per  foot, 
the  latter  at  from  $30  to  $50.  The  price  seemed  high 
at  the  time,  but  the  easy  terms  reconciled  purchasers 
to  it.  But  those  who  bought  only  in  the  expectation 
of  taking  advantage  of  the  long  time  and  paying  for 
their  lots,  were  astonished  at  finding  them,  within  a 
year,  doubled  in  value.  The  reason  is  plain:  the 
ground  was  near,  improvements  began  on  every  hand  ; 
and  now  the  few  choice  lots  in  these  tracts  which  can 
be  had  at  all,  readily  command  from  three  to  four  times 
the  price  paid  for  them.  The  same  thing  has  been 
repeated  scores  of  times,  and  most  notably  so  in  the 
North  Division  around  Lincoln  Park ;  and  previously 
in  the  West  Division  around  Union  Park.  There  has 
been  no  special  effort  made  in  these  cases  by  dealers, 
beyond  regular  advertising  and  the  brisk  competition 
of  auction  sales,  to  increase  this  activity.  It  is  simply 
a  fact  in  the  normal  growth  of  a  city  that  has  grown 
because  grow  it  must.  The  average  number  of  new 
buildings  erected  in  1868  was  about  7,000,  at  a  cost  of 
about  $14,000,000.  In  Colbert's  Chicago,  we  find  the 
following  items :  "  The  list "  viz.  :  7,000  new  buildings, 
"includes  more  costly  buildings  than  that  of  any  for- 
mer year,  but  the  number  of  smaller  residences  erected 
is  much  less  in  proportion.  It  is  not  possible  to  tabu- 
late the  improvements  of  the  year  with  accuracy  at 
this  writing,  but  we  are  able  to  count  12  churches,  and 
about  40  blocks  of  fine  buildings  to  be  credited  to  1868, 
of  which  30  will  average  $100,000  each  and  one  will 
cost  $300,000." 

The  whole  movement,  land  and  building,  finds  a  par- 
allel only  in  that  which  has  been  going  on  in  New 
York  during  the  same  period.  It  is  a  movement  of  the 
residence  population  up  town  and  out  to  the  suburbs 
to  make  room  for  improved  and  stately  blocks  of  build- 
ings to  accommodate  the  annual  increase  in  the 
business  of  the  city. 


Parks  and  Boulevards.  39 

It  is  to  be  remarked  in  this  connection,  that  the  only 
cities  in  which  the  real  estate  business  can  properly  be 
termed  a  "  movement,"  are  the  terminal  points  on  the 
grand  central  entrepot  of  the  Pacific  Road  and  the 
Eastern  connections, — New  York,  San  Francisco  and 
Chicago.  Take  Cincinnati  for  example.  The  sales  for 
the  week  ending  March  5th,  numbered  but  69,  with  an 
aggregate  of  $257,779.89,  compared  with  269  sales  in 
Chicago,  to  the  amount  of  $1,198,859,  showing  300  per 
cent,  greater  activity  here  than  in  Cincinnati.  During 
the  month  of  January  the  sales  in  San  Francisco, 
including  both  city  and  county,  were  492,  for  an  aggre- 
gate value  of  $2,716,823.  m 

The  movement  here  rivals  that  of  New  York — the 
number  of  transfers  in  Chicago  during  the  three  last 
weeks  of  February  were  241,  272,  and  240,  compared 
with  238,  231,  and  173  in  New  York,  On  March  10th 
there  were  38  sales  in  New  York,  having  an  aggregate 
value  of  $685,000.  On  the  Saturday  previous  there 
were  in  Chicago  32  sales,  amounting  to  $578,000. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  has  been  attracted  to 
Chicago  for  direct  investment  in  real  estate  during  the 
past  year  alone,  at  least  seven  millions  of  dollars,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  amount  which  has  been  loaned 
on  real  estate  securities  and  invested  in  improvements. 


PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS. 

LINCOLN  PARK 

THIS  Park  is  situated  in  North  Chicago,  on  the  lake 
shore,  about  two  miles  north  of  the  river.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  south  by  the  old  city  cemetery.  Until 
the  present  session  of  the  legislature  this  park  covered 
an  area  of  about  sixty  acres ;  additions  have  been  made, 
or  the  city  has  obtained  legislative  authority  for  such 
additions,  which  will  make  the  park  to  contain  about 
two  hundred  acres.  For  the  past  three  years  the  city 
Las  bejn  employed  leisurely  in  improving  the  park, 


40  Parks  and  Boulevards. 

and  has  expended  upon  it  nearly  $75,000  This  Park, 
with  the  exception  of  Union  Park  in  the  West  Division, 
is  the  only  public  improvement  worthy  of  the  name  in 
the  city.  The  natural  configuration  of  this  park  is 
perhaps  better  than  can  be  found  any  where  else  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  city.  It  is  composed  chiefly  of  sand  hills, 
with  little  valleys  and  ponds  between  them.  The  great 
difficulty  in  applying  to  it  the  rules  of  landscape  is  to 
obtain  black  and  tenacious  earth  sufficient  to  form  a 
proper  surface  upon  which  shrubbery  and  trees  may  be 
expected  to  live  and  thrive;  but  this* latter  obstacle  has 
been  removed  by  the  legislature  in  its  recent  bill,  which 
has  permitted  the  addition  of  a  large  number  of  acres 
to  this  Park  on  the  north. 

The  boundaries  of  Lincoln  Park  are — on  the  south, 
North  avenue,  from  Clark  street  to  the  Lake ;  on  the 
west,  Clark  street  to  Franklin  ;  thence  north  on  Frank- 
lin street  to  its  intersection  with  the  old  lake  shore 
ditch,  and  thence  along  this  ditch  to  Fullerton  avenue  ; 
west  on  Fullerton  avenue  to  a  point  five  hundred  feet 
east  of  North  Clark  street ;  thence  north-west,  on  a  line 
parallel  to  and  five  hundred  feet  east  of  Clark  street,  to 
the  centre  line  of  section  28;  thence  east  to  the  Lake. 

About  two  and  one-half  miles  of  drives  are  already  in 
existence,  and  the  Park  has  a  large  number  of  trees 
growing  within  its  enclosure.  During  last  summer  a 
•cries  of- out-door  concerts  were  inaugurated,  which 
appeared  to  be  the  source  of  much  enjoyment. 

This  Park  enjoys  one  other  advantage,  which  no 
other  Park  in  the  city  can  enjoy.  All  the  lake  com- 
merce of  Chicago,  represented  by  its  thousands  of  sail 
vessels  and  its  steamers,  must  pass  along  its  front. 
Scarcely  an  hour  occurs  in  the  summer  when  there 
may  not  be  seen  what  would  seem  to  be  an  endless  line 
of  vessels. 

Lincoln  Park  is  at  present  the  most  central  of  any  of 
our  urban  parks.  As  has  been  stated,  it  is  but  two 
miles  from  the  river,  while  South  Park  is  from  five  to 
eight  miles,  and  West  Park  can  hardly  be  less  than  four 
miles  from  the  Court  House.  To  reach  Lincoln  Park, 
however,  the  people  have  yet  no  means  of  railroad  tran- 
sit except  the  horse  cars,  and  it  will  be  found  that  the 


Parks  and  Boulevards.  41 

South  and  West  Parks  can  as  quickly  and  as  cheaply 
be  reached  by  the  steam  roads  as  Lincoln  Park  can  by 
means  of  the  horse  cars 

The  lake  shore  drive  or  boulevard,  which  is  pro- 
jected for  this  Park,  will,  when  it  is  completed,  be  one 
of  the  finest  improvements  in  the  city.  The  design  is 
to  have  it  commence  at  Pine  street,  and  run  thence 
along  the  lake  shore,  of  a  width  of  two  hundred  feet, 
until  it  reaches  the  southern  boundary  of  Lincoln  Park. 
The  Board  of  Public  Works  has  already  matured  the 
plans  for  this  work,  and  its  execution  will  be  only  a 
matter  of  time. 

THE  SOUTH  SIDE  PARKS  AND  BOULEVARDS. 

There  are  two  parks, — one  of  them  containing  about 
600  acres,  and  skirting  the  lake  shore  just  south  of 
Hyde  Park ;  and  the  other,  of  360  acres,  approaching 
nearer  to  the  city,  and  bounded  by  Fifty-first  street  on 
the  north,  Sixtieth  street  on  the  south,  Kankakee 
avenue  on  the  west,  and  Cottage  Grove  avenue  on  the 
east.  These  Parks  are  connected  with  a  Boulevard 
600  feet  wide,  lying  between  Fifty-ninth  and  Sixtieth 
streets,  and  all  together  is  called  the  South  Side  Park. 
The  northern  or  western  one,  or  portion  of  these  Parks, 
is  approached  from  the  city  by  two  boulevards  or 
avenues, — each  two  hundred  feet  wide, — one  beginning 
at  Thirty-fifth  street,  or  Douglas  place  (the  streets  are 
numbered  from  the  river  southward),  and  lying  west 
of  the  east  line  of  Kankakee  avenue,  running  directly 
south  to  the  north-west  corner  of  the  Park;  and  the 
other  commencing  at  the  city  limits,  at  Fortieth  street 
and  Cottage  Grove  avenue,  funning  thence  in  a  south- 
easterly direction  to  Forty-first  street;  thence  south 
along  Drexel  avenue  to  the  north-east  corner  of  the 
Park,  as  shown  by  the  map.  The  Park  bill  became  a 
law  by  the  action  of  the  last  Legislature  (1869),  and  a 
vote  of  the  people  of  more  than  two  to  one  in  favor  of 
the  Park. 

The  Commissioners  are  men  of  unbounded  energy 
and  perseverance.  They  have  already  organized,  and 
begun  to  prepare  plans  for  laying  out  and  improving 


42  Parks  and  Boulevards. 

these  Parks,  for  which  purpose  ample  provision  has 
been  made,  both  in  the  Park  bill  itself,  and  in  the  Lake 
Shore  Harbor  bill,  recently  become  a  law  by  the  action 
of  the  Legislature. 

So  that  when,  a  very  few  years  hence,  these  grand 
Parks  and  Boulevards  are  fully  completed,  together  with 
all  the  avenues  leading  thereto,  Chicago  will  have  the 
finest  drives  and  most  beautiful  public  grounds  of  any 
city  on  this  continent. 

THE  WEST  SIDE  PARKS. 

The  West  Parks  have  been  left  indefinite  both  in 
respect  of  size  and  exact  location.  They  are  to  be  three 
in  number,  and  are  to  be  situated  within  the  new  city 
limits,  which  are  extended  two  miles  west  of  Western 
avenue  :  one  north  of  Division  street ;  another,  between 
Kinzie  and  Harrison  streets;  and  a  third,  between  Har- 
rison street  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy 
Railroad.  They  are  each  to  contain  not  less  than  one 
hundred  acres  nor  more  than  two  hundred,  and  are 
severally  to  cost,  improvements  not  included,  not  more 
than  $250,000.  Wide  boulevards  will  connect  the  parks 
with  each  other,  and  extend  southwardly  from  the 
most  southern  park  to  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal, 
provided  that  the  land  therefor  shall  be  obtained  free 
of  cost.  When  these  parks  shall  have  been  located,  the 
city  limits  will  be  extended  so  as  to  include  them  with 
all  the  intervening  land  between  them  and  Western 
avenue,  and  the  vote  that  ratifies  the  park  also  extends 
the  city  limits. 

UNION    PARK, 

In  the  West  Division,  contains  about  sixteen  acres.  It 
is  of  an  irregular,  pentagonal  form,  bounded  on  the 
north  by  Lake  street,  on  the  south  by  Warren  street, 
on  the  west  by  Reuben  street,  on  the  north-east  by 
Bryan  place,  and  on  the  south-east  by  South  western 
avenue.  The  costly  plan  of  improvement  commenced 
in  1865  is  rapidly  transforming  the  flat,  bare  prairie 
into  a  tasteful,  beautiful  park,  with  hills,  rocks,  rivulets 
and  cataracts,  with  a  beautiful  artificially-made  pond 
in  the  centre. 


Parks  and  Boulevards.  43 


DEARBORN  PARK. 

The  first,  and  for  many  years  the  only  public  park  in 
the  city,  is  an  oblong  piece  of  ground  extending  from 
Randolph  to  Washington  street,  and  from  Michigan 
avenue  to  Dearborn  place,  and  contains  one  and  a  half 
acres.  The  ground  was  presented  to  the  city  by  the 
United  States,  to  be  used  for  ever  as  a  public  Park.  It 
is  enclosed  by  a  neat  iron  railing,  and  planted  with 
trees. 

JEFFERSON  PARK 

Is  but  two  blocks  south  and  one  block  east  of  Union 
Park,  embracing  but  a  single  square,  bounded  by 
Monroe,  Throop,  Adams  and  Loomis  streets.  It  con- 
tains about  five  acres.  It  is  surrounded  by  stately  and 
beautiful  residences. 

VERNON  PARK 

Is  an  oblong  piece  of  ground  ab«ut  300  feet  wide  by 
600  feet  long,  on  Centre  avenue  and  West  Polk  street. 

WOODLAND  AND  GROVELAND. 

These  are  piivate  parks  laid  out  by  f,he  late  Senator 
Douglas  in  the  beautiful  grove,  in  the  South  Division, 
called  Oaken wald,  and  are  intended  for  the  especial 
benefit  of  the  proprietors  of  the  lots  which  front  upon 
them. 

WASHINGTON   PARK 

Is  a  small  square  between  North  Clark  and  Dearborn 
streets,  north  of  Chesnut  street,  containing  two  and 
one  half  acres.  It  has  a  number  of  shade  trees,  and  is 
quite  a  pleasant  retreat  from  the  dust  and  heat  of  a 
summer's  day. 


44  The  River. 


THE   RIVER. 

THE  first  recorded  vessel  that  entered  the  harbor  of 
Chicago,  was  the  schooner  Tracy,  in  1803,  under  com- 
mand of  Lieut.  Dorr,  laden  with  supplies  for  the  U.  S. 
garrison  in  Fort  Dearborn.  Its  condition  at  that  time 
is  not  mentioned.  Col.  Long,  of  the  engineers,  who 
visited  Chicago  in  1816,  found  the  river  discharging  it- 
self into  the  lake  over  a  bar  of  gravel  and  sand  in  a 
sluggish  stream  only  a  few  inches  deep,  and  from  thirty 
to  forty  feet  wide.  In  a  broader,  deeper,  and  much 
more  copious  stream  the  Little  Calumet  entered  the 
lake  over  a  similar  bar  about  ten  miles  further  south. 

Seven  years  later,  when  Col.  Long  visited  these 
places,  he  found  the  mouth  of  the  Chicago  River  but 
little  changed,  while  that  of  the  Little  Calumet  was 
blocked  up  by  a  dry  sand  bar.  The  first  steamboat 
that  entered  the  Chicago  river,  was  the  Shelden 
Thompson,  in  1832,  during  the  Black  Hawk  war,  bring- 
ing troops  and  provisions,  with  General  Winfield  Scott 
in  command  of  the  troops. 

In  1833  Congress  made  the  first  appropriation  of 
$30,000  to  improve  the  harbor.  The  north  pier  was 
run  out  a  short  distance  and  a  light-house  erected. 
An  embankment  was  made  to  cut  off  the  river  from 
her  old  channel,  which  had  previously  emptied  into 
the  lake  near  the  foot  of  Madison  street.  This  work 
was  commenced  in  the  summer  of  1833,  and  vigorously 
pushed  forward.  In  the  following  spring  came  a  great 
freshet,  which  cleaned  out  the  sand  from  the  mouth, 
and  did  more  work  than  all  the  dredges.  In  successive 
years  additional  appropriations  were  made,  amount- 
ing in  the  aggregate  to  $144,000.  In  1839  the  work 
was  suspended,  the  money  having  been  exhausted. 
The  constant  current  which  sets  toward  the  mouth 
of  the  river  from  the  straits  of  Mackinaw,  stirred  up  the 
sand  and  rolled  it  down  into  a  huge  bar  in  front  of  the 
city;  the  bar  continued  to  accumulate,  until,  in  1864, 
it  had  reached  the  foot  of  Van  Buren  street,  and  vessels 


The  River.  45 

were  compelled  to  tack  round  to  that  point,  turn  the 
bar,  and  beat  up  between  it  and  the  breakwater. 
Casualties,  in  consequence,  became  frequent.  In  order 
to  prevent  this  continued  accumulation  of  sand,  the 
city  at  an  early  day  began  to  extend  the  north  pier 
out  into  the  lake.  It  was  first  built  out  in  a  straight 
line  1,070  feet,  then  turning  about  20  degrees  to  the 
north,  450  feet  were  added ;  thence  on  another  plan 
500  feet  further,  forming  the  arc  of  a  circle ;  and  reach- 
ing the  site  of  the  light-house  erected  in  1855,  and 
which  is  situated  1,950  feet  from  the  starting  point.  In 
1864-5  450  feet  more  were  added,  continuing  on  the 
line  of  the  first  straight  section.  In  1866,  Major  J.  D. 
Wheeler,  of  the  Engineer  Corps,  in  his  report  to  the 
government,  urged  the  erection  of  600  feet  additional 
to  the  north  pier,  and  an  appropriation  of  $88,704  was 
made  for  the  purpose. 

In  1816,  when  Col.  Long  examined  the  river,  the 
stream  was  almost  flush  with  the  surrounding  country. 
It  was  much  narrower  then  than  now.  It  was,  how- 
ever, much  deeper,  and  is  said  to  have  had  a  depth  of 
twenty  feet  near  the  present  location  of  Clark  street 
bridge  ;  the  widening  of  the  stream  and  the  heavy  sedi- 
ment constantly  settling  in  its  bed  has  sensibly  dimin- 
ished its  depth. 

In  1832  the  two  first  bridges  were  built,  one  over  the 
North  Branch,  at  Water  street,  and  another  over  the 
South  Branch,  between  Lake  and  Randolph  streets, 
the  latter  was  not  removed  until  1840.  It  cost  $486.20, 
which  was  raised  by  subscription,  the  Potawatomie 
Indians  contributing  nearly  one-half  the  amount.  The 
main  channel  is  now  crossed  by  substantial  and  costly 
swing-bridges  at  every  second  block  in  the  more 
densely  populated  portions,  and  at  frequent  intervals 
beyond.  Over  the  main  channel  are  bridges  at  Rush, 
State,  Clark  and  Wells  streets,  over  the  South  Branch 
at  Lake,  Randolph,  Madison,  Van  Buren,  Polk, 
Twelfth,  Eighteenth,  Halsted,  Reuben  and  Fuller 
streets,  and  at  Archer  Avenue.  Over  the  North  Branch 
at  Kinzie,  Indiana  and  Erie  streets,  Chicago  Avenue, 
North  Halsted  street,  North  Avenue  and  Clybmrne 
Avenue.  The  railroad  trains  cross  the  river  on  bridges 


46  The  River. 

built^by  the  railroad  companies.  The  public  bridges 
require  to  be  rebuilt  about  every  five  years.  Their 
average  cost  is  about  $35,000. 

When  navigation  first  began  upon  this  river,  vessels 
were  unable  to  go  up  the  North  Branch  further  than 
Chicago  Avenue,  and  up  the  South  Branch  their  pro- 
gress was  impeded  at  Eighteenth  street.  From  this 
point  to  where  the  canal  begins,  a  distance  of  one  mile 
and  a  half,  the  river  has  been  deepened  and  widened. 
The  number  of  vessels  moving  on  the  river  and  its 
branches  became  so  great  that  a  widening  of  the  stream 
was  of  necessity  demanded.  The  dock  limits  had  been 
laid  out  nearly  following  the  original  curvatures  of  the 
banks.  It  has  been  decided  to  widen  the  branches  to  an 
uniform  width  of  two  hundred  feet,  and  the  improve- 
ment is  now  being  carried  out,  but  it  will  take  many 
years  before  it  can  possibly  be  completed.  The  estab- 
lished width  for  the  main  river  is  250  feet,  and  in  some 
points  this  is  exceeded.  The  North  Branch  has  been 
also  deepened,  and  is  now  navigable  one  mile  and  a 
quarter  beyond  Chicago  Avenue. 

In  1848  the  building  of  docks  was  fairly  commenced. 
In  1854  the  city  had  four  miles  of  wharves.  Now 
there  are  twelve  miles  in  operation,  having  cost  over 
$1,250,000.  Four  miles  of  this  have  been  renewed, 
making  a  total  of  fifteen  miles  built.  Dock  piling  lasts 
only  about  nine  years.  This  dock  system  has  extended 
immensely  along  the  South  Branch  in  the  West  Divi- 
sion. But  a  movement  has  recently  commenced  for  the 
construction  of  a  still  greater  system  along  the  lake 
shore,  just  north  of  the  mouth  of  the  river. 

North  from  the  new  pier  previously  mentioned,  the 
Chicago  Dock  Company  will  build  a  breakwater  500 
feet  long;  from  the  northern  extremity  of  this  a  break- 
water 1,500  feet  in  length  will  be  constructed  reaching 
to  the  shore.  An  area  extending  300  feet  north  from 
the  pier,  and  west  to  the  shore  of  the  lake,  will  be  filled 
in,  and  through  the  center  of  this  made  land  will  run  a 
street  from  the  main  shore  to  the  eastern  channel.  The 
block  thus  created  will  be  divided  into  lots  for  dockage 
purposes.  On  the  north  side  of  this  made  land  there 
will  be  a  channel,  110  feet  wide,  penetrating  Michigan 


The  Lake  Tunnel.  47 

street  as  far  as  Sand  street.  The  water  in  the  basin 
will  be  twenty-two  feet,  and  the  largest  vessels  will 
easily  float  in  the  canal.  The  two  will  give  as  much 
wharfage  as  is  now  afforded  by  both  sides  of  the  river, 
as  far  as  the  confluence  of  the  two  branches. 

This  work  was  commenced  in  the  beginning  of  1867, 
and  is  being  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  exten- 
sion ordered  by  the  Government  —  the  work  being 
really  begun  where  the  United  States  officials  will  cease 
their  labors.  This  new  line  of  pier  will  form  a  grand 
line  of  nearly  2,000  feet  upon  the  North  Side.  The 
limited  space  at  our  disposal  in  a  little  work  so  circum- 
scribed in  its  scope  as  a  HAND-BOOK  for  strangers,  pre- 
vents us  from  enlarging  upon  the  subject  of  the  Chicago 
River ;  we  would  refer  the  curious  reader  to  the  very 
best  coinpend  of  Chicago,  her  history  and  statistics, 
that  has  ever  appeared,  and  to  which  we  are  indebted 
for  the  above  article  (condensed)  and  much  other  valu- 
able information, — we  refer  to  "  Historical  and  Statis- 
tical Sketch  of  Chicago,"  by  E.  Colbert. 


THE  LAKE  TUNNEL. 

SINCE  the  completion  of  this  grand  undertaking,  the 
people  of  Chicago  have  enjoyed  the  inestimable  bless- 
ing of  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  the  purest  water  in 
the  world.  For  a  long  time  previous  to  1863,  the  water 
pumped  up  from  the  shore  of  the  lake  and  supplied  for 
drinking  purposes  was  unfit  for  human  use.  After  a 
long  and  careful  consideration  of  various  plans  to 
remedy  the  crying  evil,  and  secure  a  supply  of  pure 
water,  the  Board  of  Public  Works  decided  early  in 
1863  to  carry  a  tunnel  out  two  miles  under  the  bed  of 
the  lake. 

On  the  17th  of  March,  1864,  ground  was  broken  for 
the  tunnel  on  the  lot  occupied  by  the  Pumping  works, 
at  the  east  end  of  Chicago  avenue,  on  the  lake  shore. 

From  the  shore  shaft,  which  is  67  feet  deep,  the  tun- 
nel extends  two  miles  out  in  a  straight  line  at  right 


48  The  Lake  Tunnel. 

angles  with  the  shore.  The  clear  width  of  the  tunnel 
is  5  feet,  and  the  clear  height  5  feet  2  inches,  the  top 
and  bottom  arches  being  semi  circles.  It  is  lined  with 
brick  masonry  8  inches  thick,  in  two  wings  or  shells, 
the  bricks  being  laid  lengthwise  of  the  tunnel,  with 
toothing  joints.  The  bottom  of  the  inside  surface  of 
the  bore  at  the  east  end  is  66  feet  below  water  level, 
with  a  gradual  slope  of  two  feet  to  the  mile  towards 
the  shore  shaft  This  gives  a  clear  fall  of  four  feet  in 
the  whole  distance,  to  permit  the  emptying  of  it  in  case 
of  needed  repairs,  a  gate  at  the  crib  shutting  off  the 
supply  of  water.  The  brickwork  has  been  laid  in  8 
inches  thick  all  around,  well  set  in  cement. 

The  tunnel  as  now  constructed  will  deliver  under  a 
head  of  two  feet,  19,000,000  gallons  of  water  daily; 
under  a  head  of  eight  feet,  38,000,000  gallons  daily,  and 
under  a  head  of  eighteen  feet,  57,000,000  gallons  daily. 
The  velocities  for  the  above  quantities  will  be  one  and 
four-tenths  mile  per  hour,  head  being  two  feet;  head 
being  eight  feet,  the  velocity  will  be  two  and  three- 
tenths  miles  per  hour,  and  the  head  being  eighteen  feet 
the  velocity  will  be  four  and  two-tenths  miles  per 
hour.  By  these  means  it  will  be  competent  to  supply 
one  million  people  with  fifty-seven  gallons  each  per 
day,  with  a  head  of  eighteen  feet. 

The  Crib,  as  it  is  called,  in  which  is  enclosed  the  east 
shaft  of  the  tunnel,  will  repay  a  visit.  It  can  be 
reached  by  the  steam  tugs  from  Clark  street  bridge. 
Excursions  during  the  summer  time  are  frequent. 

The  crib  is  forty  feet  and  a  half  high,  and  built  in 
pentagonal  form,  in  a  circumscribing  circle  of  ninety- 
eight  and  a  half  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  built  of  logs 
one  foot  square,  and  consists  of  three  walls,  at  a  dis- 
tance of  eleven  feet  from  each  other,  leaving  a  central 
pentagonal  space  having  an  inscribed  circle  of  twenty- 
five  feet,  within  which  is  fixed  the  iron  cylinder,  nine 
feet  in  diameter,  running  from  the  water  line  to  the 
tunnel,  sixty-four  feet  below  the  surface  and  thirty-one 
feet  below  the  bed  of  the  lake  at  that  point.  The  crib 
is  thoroughly  braced  in  every  direction.  It  contains 
750,000  feet  of  lumber,  board  measure,  and  150  tons 
iron  bolts.  It  is  filled  with  4,500  tons  of  stone  and 


The  Lake  Tunnel.  49 

weighs  5,700  tons.  The  crib  stands- twelve  feet  above 
the  water  line,  giving  a  maximum  area  of  1,200  feet 
which  can  be  exposed  at  one  sweep  to  the  action  of  the 
waves,  reckoning  the  resistance  as  perpendicular.  The 
outside  was  thoroughly  caulked,  equal  to  a  first-class 
vessel,  with  three  threads  in  each  seam,  the  first  and 
last  being  what  is  called  "  horsed."  Over  all  these 
there  is  a  layer  of  lagging  to  keep  the  caulking  in  place 
and  protect  the  crib  proper  from  the  action  of  the 
waves.  A  covered  platform  or  house  was  built  over 
the  crib,  enabling  the  workmen  to  prosecute  the  work 
uninterrupted  by  rain  or  wind,  and  affording  a  pro- 
tection for  the  earth  brought  up  from  the  excavation, 
and  permitting  it  to  be  carried  away  by  scows,  whose 
return  cargoes  were  bricks  for  the  lining  of  the  tunnel. 

The  first  brick  was  laid  at  the  crib  end  on  the  22d  of 
December,  1865,  and  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  the 
workmen  began  to  excavate  from  that  end,  at  which 
time  they  had  already  4,825  feet  done  from  the  shore. 
From  that  time  the  work  progressed  steadily  and  with 
few  interruptions  of  any  consequence.  In  the  early 
part  of  November,  1866,  when  within  a  few  feet  of 
meeting,  the  workmen  met  for  the  first  time  with  sand 
pockets,  which  caused  leakage,  and  delayed  the  final 
blow  till  December  6th,  when  the  last  brick  (which  was 
a  stone),  was  laid  by  Mayor  J.  B.  Rice,  in  the  presence 
of  the  Aldermen,  city  officials,  and  as  many  other 
prominent  citizens  as  could  be  packed  into  the  tunnel 
within  hearing  distance. 

Still  another  delay  was  experienced  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  conduits  to  the  new  pumping  works,  and  it 
was  not  till  Monday,  March  25th,  1867,  that  the  water 
was  let  into  the  tunnel  to  flow  through  the  water  pipes 
and  hydrants  of  the  city.  On  that  day  the  new  water 
works  were  formally  inaugurated  by  the  laying  of  the 
corner  stone  of  a  new  tower,  situated  about  half  a  block 
west  of  the  old  tower,  and  since  completed  to  a  total 
height  of  130  feet,  standing  on  a  base  of  twenty-four 
feet  square.  "Within  this  tower  is  an  iron  column  three 
feet  in  internal  diameter,  to  the  top  of  which  the  water 
is  forced  from  the  tunnel  by  powerful  pumping  ma- 
chinery, and  is  thence  forced  by  its  own  pressure 
4 


50  The  Lake  lunnel. 

through  the  mains  and  to  the  tops  of  the  highest  build- 
ings in  the  citj.  The  column  is  surrounded  by  a  neat 
spiral  staircase.  The  machinery  now  employed  to  do 
this  consists  of  three  engines:  No.  1,  capable  of  pump- 
ing 18,000.000  gallons  daily;  engine  No.  2,  12,000,000 
gallons  daily;  and  No.  3,  8,000,000  gallons  daily,  and 
the  Board  of  Public  Works  have  now  asked  the  Council 
for  authority  to  purchase  a  fourth  engine,  capable  of 
pumping  36,000,000  gallons  daily.  This  increase  in  the 
pumping  facilities  of  these  works  is  believed  to  be 
necessitated  by  the  growth  of  the  city;  it  being  remem- 
bered that  it  is  necessary  to  provide  against  accident  to 
one  of  the  engines,  as  the  water  supply  ought  not  to  be 
suspended  during  its  repair. 

COST. 

The  total  cost  of  the  lake  tunnel  to  the  city,  including 
extras,  preliminary  examination,  supervision,  etc.,  is 
$457,845.  The  cost  of  the  new  water-tower,  of  the 
largest  engine,  and  the  building,  now  nearly  finished 
for  the  reception  of  the  machinery  and  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  workmen,  will  swell  the  total  to  about 
$900,000.  The  total  water  debt  of  the  city  was 
£2,483,000  in  April,  1867. 

The  total  amount  of  water  pipe  laid  in  the  city  up  to 
the  close  of  1868  was  228^  miles. 

The  total  capacity  of  pipes  and  reservoirs  was 
3,400,000  gallons. 

There  were  about  900  fire  hj^drants  and  450  stop- 
cocks in  the  city  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  year. 

MORE  WANTED. 

"With  this  tremendous  increase,  the  city  of  Chicago  is 
not  supplied  rapidly  enough  for  its  wants.  The  tunnel 
will  admit  the  passage  of  water  sufficient  to  supply  one 
million  of  inhabitants,  but  the  street  pipes  need  extend- 
ing and  enlarging.  Many  of  those  nearest  the  water 
works  were  put  down  several  years  ago,  and  are  now 
too  small  to  feed  those  lying  beyond.  The  difficulty  is 
greatest  in  the  West  Division,  and  to  obviate  it  a  plan 
has  been  for  some  time  under  discussion  to  construct  a 
tunnel  starting  from  the  present  water  works  on  the 


The  River  Tunnels.  51 

shore  end  of  the  tunnel,  and  running  thence  to  a  point 
in  the  West  Division  some  where  on  the  line  of  Union 
Park,  with  adequate  pumping  works,  mains  and  dis- 
tributing pipes  diverging  to  every  part  of  that  division 
of  the  city. 


THE  RIVER  TUNNELS. 

ONE  of  the  greatest  curiosities  to  strangers  visiting 
the  city,  is  that  gigantic  undertaking  in  engineering 
science,  the  great  pioneer  sub-marine  tunnel  of  the 
western  hemisphere.  The  large  number  of  vessels 
entering  the  port  of  Chicago,  requiring  the  opening  of 
bridges  during  the  season  of  navigation  every  few 
minutes,  greatly  impeded  the  long  lines  of  vehicles  and 
pedestrians  constantly  passing  over.  The  demand  for 
a  more  eligible  means  of  communication  with  the  sev- 
eral divisions  of  the  city  became  a  necessity.  A  great 
public  necessity  in  Chicago  can  never  be  long  experi- 
perienced;  the  people  will  have  a  remedy,  regardless 
of  cost. 

On  the  28th  of  October,  1864,  the  original  ordinance 
for  the  construction  of  a  tunnel  under  the  Chicago 
river  was  passed  by  the  city  council.  At  this  time  the 
real  magnitude  of  the  undertaking  was  scarcely  appre- 
ciated, and  much  valuable  time  was  spent  in  discussing 
and  considering  the  means  and  the  location.  It  was  at 
length  determined  to  tax  the  entire  city  for  the  means, 
and  Washington  street  was  fixed  on  for  the  location 
and  bids  for  the  work  advertised  for. 

On  the  27th  of  July,  1866— nearly  three  years  after 
the  passage  of  the  original  ordinance  —  ground  was 
broken  on  Washington  street  for  the  tunnel,  by  Messrs. 
Stewart,  Ludlam  <fc  Co.,  to  whom  the  contract  had 
been  awarded.  They,  however,  were  unfortunate  in 
their  mode  of  procedure,  and  finally  abandoned  the 
work  in  May,  1867.  The  contract  was  then  taken  by 
Messrs.  J.  K.  Lake,  C.  B.  Farwell,  and  A.  A.  McDon- 
nell, the  contract  price  being  $328,500  ;  and  they,  by  a 
vigorous  prosecution  of  the  work,  brought  it  to  a  sue- 


52  The  River  Tunnels. 

cessful  completion  on  the  first  day  of  the  new  year 
1869,  when  it  was  formally  opened  to  the  public  in  an 
appropriate,  though  unostentatious  manner,  the  severity 
of  the  weather  preventing  any  general  public  celebra- 
tion. Subsequently  the  tunnel  was  subjected  to  a  prac- 
tical test  of  its  capacity  as  a  thoroughfare.  Five  teams 
were  driven  through  the  tunnel  loaded  heavily  as  fol- 
lows: 6,445  IDS.,  6,500  Ibs.,  7,280  Ibs.,  8,685  Ibs.,  and 
9,165  Ibs.  The  weight  of  the  wagons  averaged  2,600 
Ibs.  each.  The  horses  were  not  selected  with  reference 
to  their  drawing  capabilities,  but  were  considered  as 
average  teams  used  for  that  purpose.  Those  drawing 
the  heaviest  load  arrived  at  the  top  of  the  grade  with- 
out showing  any  symptoms  of  having  been  overworked, 
and  all  of  them  went  through  with  apparent  ease.  Ex- 
perienced parties  gave  it  as  their  opinion  that  loads  of 
5,000  and  6,000  pounds  can  be  drawn  through  the 
tunnel,  by  ordinary  horses,  with  ease,  and  with  less 
effort  than  at  many  of  the  bridges.  The  Board  of 
Public  Works  were  well  pleased  with  the  experiment, 
and  entirely  satisfied  that  in  this,  as  in  all  other  re- 
spects, the  tunnel  is  a  complete  success. 

The  tunnel  is  divided  into  two  portions.  That  for 
vehicles  dips  from  Franklin  street  on  the  east  end,  and 
Clinton  street  on  the  west  end,  forming  an  open  pas- 
sage way  twenty-two  feet  wide  in  the  middle  of  Wash- 
ington street,  for  a  distance  of  one  block  on  each  side 
of  the  river.  For  332  feet  from  the  entrance  the  tun- 
nel comprises  a  single  large  chamber.  It  is  10  feet  6 
inches  at  the  entrance,  and  about  150  feet  from  the 
river  center  it  increases  to  23^  feet.  From  the  invert 
to  the  top  of  the  arch  the  height  is  20  feet  6  inches. 
The  invert  itself  is  20  inches  thick,  being  the  segment 
of  a  circle  47.66  inches  in  diameter.  At  the  base  the 
abutments  are  8  feet  broad,  until  they  reach  the  height 
of  5  feet  2  inches,  when  they  continue  6  feet  thick  for 
7  feet  more.  The  arch  is  32  feet  thick  at  the  sides,  and 
24  at  top ;  is  9  feet  above  the  springing  lines,  and  has 
3  centres,  The  spandrel  backs  are  formed  of  rubble 
masonry.  The  chamber  at  150  feet  distance  from  the 
river  centre  is  18  feet  high,  the  inverts  16  inches  thick, 
the  abutments  7  feet  2  inches  at  base  for  a  height  of  3 


The  River  Tunnels.  53 

feet  4  inches,  then  6  feet  thick  for  another  foot,  and  5 
feet  thick  at  top.  The  height  above  the  springing 
arch  is  7%  feet  here.  This  section  extends  364  feet  on 
the  west  side,  and  has  a  corresponding  section  on  the 
east  side,  which  extends  269  feet.  At  110  feet  from  the 
river  centre,  on  either  side,  separate  double  wagon- 
ways  begin.  Each  are  11  feet  wide  and  15  high.  A 
thick  wall  divides  them,  and  supports  and  strengthens 
the  work  directly  beneath  the  river  bed.  The  two 
ends  of  the  passage  correspond.  Parallel  with  the  car- 
riage-way the  foot-passage  extends  11  feet  high  at  the 
centre,  and  6  at  the  sides  of  the  arch.  A  flooring  of 
white  pine  is  laid  on  joists,  making  a  good  even  sur- 
face. The  lights  are  40  feet  apart  here  and  50  in  the 
carriage-way.  Entrances  are  pierced  through  the 
walls  to  the  roadways  and  the  other  footway. 

Neat  passenger  houses,  of  Tuscan  style,  each  22  feet 
long  by  19  feet  4  inches  wide,  stand  on  either  side  of 
the  river  over  the  passenger  entrance.  Eighteen  steps 
are  in  each  house.  Ventilation  shafts  are  sunk  110  feet 
from  the  entrance,  and  by  these  and  other  arrange- 
ments the  air  of  the  tunnel  will  be  kept  fresh. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  the  dimensions  and  grades 
of  the  tunnel : 

From  centre  of  Franklin  to  center  of  Clinton  street, 
1,603  feet. 

Between  arches,  930  feet. 

Between  entrances  to  passage  way,  810  feet. 

Grade  of  descent  westward  from  Franklin  street,  1 
in  16,  for  distance  of  306  feet. 

Grade  of  descent  eastward  from  Clinton  street,  1  in 
18,  for  distance  of  625  feet. 

Depth  of  river  channel,  at  tunnel,  16  feet. 

Between  walls,  at  Franklin  and  Clinton  streets,  23% 
feet ;  at  arches,  19%  feet. 

Height  of  river  section,  18.83  feet;  of  approaches, 
20%  feet. 

Total  length  of  Nicholson  pavement,  laid  on  Joliet 
gravel,  1,608  feet. 

The  visitor  will  better  understand  the  magnitude  of 
the  enterprise  by  the  following  statistics  : 

From  July,  1868,  to  December  31st,  1869,  600,000 


54  The  River  Tunnels. 

hours  of  mechanics  and  laborer's  work  have  been 
expended  in  its  construction ;  45,000  cubic  yards  of 
clay  excavated ;  5,000  cubic  yards  of  cement  laid  ;  C,000 
of  brick,  and  10,000  of  stone  masonry  ;  10,000  of  broken 
stone  and  sand,  and  20,000  barrels  of  Falls  City  cement. 
In  addition  to  the  manual  labor,  a  large  amount  of 
horse  and  steam  labor  was  used,  and  several  stone 
quarries  were  engaged  in  getting  out  the  stone  for  the 
abutments  and  arches,  not  to  mention  the  manufacture 
of  the  brick,  which  of  itself  gave  employment  to  a  large 
number  of  workmen. 

A  few  items  of  comparison  with  the  celebrated 
Thames  Tunnel  in  London,  England,  will  be  found 
interesting  to  the  visi  tor.  The  Thames  Tunnel  was  built 
for  the  purpose  of  effecting  a  ready  communication  for 
wagons  and  pedestrians  between  the  Middlesex  and 
Surrey  sides  of  the  river,  at  a  point  below  London 
bridge,  where  it  is  inconvenient  to  erect  a  bridge  on 
account  of  the  width  of  the  river  and  the  heavy  East 
Indiamen  and  other  vessels  passing  up  to  the  docks. 
The  approaches  have  never  been  graded.  Over  each  of 
these  shafts  a  small  house  is  erected,  and  the  descent  is 
by  a  winding  staircase.  Devised  by  Sir  Isambart  Brunei, 
it  was  commenced  in  tlie  year  1825,  but  was  not  opened 
until  1843,  and  has  never  yet  been  finished,  and  proba- 
bly never  will  be.  It  consists  of  two  arched  avenues, 
1,200  feet  long,  lighted  by  gas,  and  cost  £500,000  ster- 
ling, or  $2,500,000  in  gold.  Its  income  has  never  paid 
its  incidental  expenses.  In  every  foot  are  6,000  bricks, 
and  its  external  dimensions  are  37  feet  6  inches  in 
width,  and  22  feet  in  height.  During  its  construction 
the  river  broke  through  five  times,  great  loss  of  life 
resulting  from  the  irruption  of  the  water. 

It  seems  Fate  decreed  that  the  construction  of  a  suc- 
cessful tunnel  should  be  deferred  for  the  young  city  of 
the  Western  World ! 

MORE  TUNNELS. 

The  experiment  of  a  tunnel  under  the  river  having 
proved  to  be  a  success  in  the  case  of  the  Washington 
street  tunnel,  it  is  now  proposed  to  construct  one  at 
Adams  street  and  another  one  at  LaSalle  street.  From 


The  Artesian  Wells.  55 

a  communication  addressed  to  the  City  Council  by  Mr. 
E.  S.  Chesborough,  the  distinguished  city  engineer,  we 
gather  the  following  interesting  items  : 

The  plan  proposed  for  LaSalle  street  is  in  the  main 
features  very  similar  to  the  one  already  constructed 
at  Washington  street.  Its  total  length,  including 
approaches  from  Randolph  street  on  the  south  and 
Michigan  street  on  the  north  will  be  1,930  feet.  The 
net  estimate  for  the  work  is  $457,342.32,  but  in  view  of 
the  possibility  of  occurrences  difficult  now  to  foresee,  an 
appropriation  of  $500,000  is  asked  for. 

The  plan  proposed  for  the  Adams  street  tunnel  is 
very  much  the  same.  The  total  length,  extending  from 
the  west  side  of  Franklin  to  the  east  side  of  Clinton 
street,  is  1,527  feet,  and  the  estimated  cost  about  $400,000. 
It  is  proposed  that  the  work  shall  be  prosecuted  night 
and  day,  and  during  the  winter  that  the  river  portion 
shall  be  roofed  over  to  preserve  in  it  at  all  times  a  tem- 
perature above  freezing,  so  that  no  interruption  shall 
occur  from  the  inclemency  of  the  weather. 


THE  ARTESIAN  WELLS, 

SITUATED  on  the  corner  of  Chicago  and  Western 
avenues,  will  well  repay  the  trouble  of  a  visit.  They 
are  readily  accessible  by  the  Randolph  street  horse  cars 
to  the  city  limits,  where  a  few  minutes'  walk  will 
enable  the  visitor  to  reach  the  ground  where  they  are 
situated.  The  tract  of  land  was  bought  by  a  company 
in  1863,  during  the  oil  fever,  for  the  purpose  of  boring 
for  oil,  under  the  inspiration  of  a  spiritual  medium, 
who  asserted  the  existence  of  large  quantities  oil  under- 
lying the  tract ;  also,  that  beneath  this  ground  there 
was  a  "  well  of  the  purest,  best  and  healthiest  water 
known  any  where,  which  would  reach  to  the  surface 
with  great  force  and  power,  and  in  quantities  to  supply 
the  people  of  this  city  for  all  time  to  come."  The 
boring  commenced  in  December,  1863,  with  a  diameter 
of  five  inches,  but  had  to  be  abandoned  in  the  following 


56  The  Union  Stock  Yards. 

January,  in  consequence  of  the  tools  getting  fast  in  the 
bottom  of  the  well.  In  February,  1864,  another  boring 
was  commenced,  and  proceeded  slowly  until  November 
of  the  same  year,  when,  at  a  depth  of  711  feet  below 
the  surface,  water  was  struck,  and  has  continued  to 
flow  steadily  and  constantly  at  the  rate  of  600,000 
gallons  daily.  In  May,  1865,  a  twenty  feet  overshot 
wheel,  with  the  necessary  machinery  for  boring,  was 
constructed,  and  a  second  well  commenced,  the  power 
being  furnished  by  the  water  from  the  first  well,  which 
was  carried  up  25  feet  above  the  surface  in  a  3%  inch 
flume,  whence  it  discharged  over  the  wheel.  This 
second  well  is  located  about  nine  feet  from  the  first. 
On  the  1st  of  November  following,  at  a  depth  of  694 
feet  4  inches,  water  was  reached.  The  boring  continued 
to  a  depth  of  1,100  feet.  It  is  estimated  that  the  two 
wells  are  now  flowing  about  one  and  a  quarter  million 
gallons  every  twenty-four  hours.  During  the  progress 
of  the  boring,  about  one  hundred  gallons  of  petroleum 
was  secured  by  pumping.  There  are  two  other  Artesian 
wells  in  the  Union  Stock  Yards,  which  are  described 
on  another  page. 


THE  UNION  STOCK  YARDS. 

No  visitor  to  Chicago  should  fail  in  seeing  this,  the 
great  bovine  city  of  the  world,  the  live-stock  market  of 
the  north-west.  The  advantages  offered  by  this  mam- 
moth enterprise  to  western  dealers  and  feeders  are  un- 
equalled in  any  market  either  in  the  old  or  new  world. 
The  enterprise  is  owned  by  a  chartered  company  with 
a  paid-up  capital  of  one  million  dollars.  The  grounds 
consist  of  345  acres  of  land  extending  from  Hulsted 
street  on  the  east  to  the  south  branch  of  the  river,  and 
from  Egan  Avenue  on  the  north,  thence  south  on  the 
open  prairie.  The  yards  connect  by  special  tracks  with 
all  railroads  centering  in  Chicago,  hence,  stock  can  be 
received  or  shipped  by  or  to  any  line,  at  all  times  with 
the  readiest  dispatch.  The  connecting  lines  with  the 
Stock  Yards,  were  constructed  by  the  Union  Stock 


The  Union  Stock  Yards.  57 

Yard  and  Transportation  Companies,  and  are  about 
twenty-one  miles  in  length.  The  entire  345  acres  of 
land  comprised  in  the  Union  Stock  Yards  are  laid  out 
in  streets  and  alley's  in  the  same  manner  as  a  large  city. 
Through  the  centre,  from  north  to  south,  runs  a  broad 
avenue  called  Avenue  E.  It  is  one  mile  in  length,  and 
seventy-five  feet  in  breadth,  and  divided  into  three 
sections,  like  a  bridge,  to  facilitate  the  driving  of  cattle 
through  it.  Droves  passing  to  the  south  take  one  sec- 
tion, those  to  the  north  another,  passing  on  the  way 
without  any  inconvenience  or  stoppage.  This  avenue 
intersects  the  entire  grounds,  and  is  paved  with  Nichol- 
son pavement.  There  is  not  in  Chicago  a  finer  or  a 
smoother  drive  than  it.  It  presents  a  very  animated 
scene  when  the  yards  are  filled  with  countless  herds  of 
cattle  and  swine,  and  teeming  with  the  bustle  and 
activity  of  buying,  selling  and  transporting  stock. 
Running  parallel  to  Avenue  E,  are  other  streets,  lead- 
ing to  the  railroads  that  surround  the  yards,  and  to 
different  sections.  These  streets  are  crossed  at  right 
angles  by  others  running  east  and  west  —  the  principal 
of  which  passes  by  the  Stock  Yards  hotel,  and  has  been 
aptly  named  "  Broadway."  It  leads  from  the  hotel  to 
the  Bank  and  Exchange  Building,  where  the  life  and 
excitement  of  the  yards  centre.  It  is  sixty  six  feet 
wide,  planked  with  heavy  plank,  and  traversed  on  the 
side  by  a  raised  sidewalk.  It  is  so  curved  as  to  carry 
off  the  water  into  drains,  somewhat  similar  to  the  roof 
of  a  building.  Parallel  to  Broadway  run  other  streets 
and  avenues,  which  cross  Avenue  E  at  right  angles, 
dividing  the  whole  into  blocks  like  a  well-laid-out  city. 
The  irregular  streets  are  caused  by  the  curves  made  for 
the  railroads,  but  they  lead  off  directly  into  the  regular 
avenues.  These  are  all  designated  by  letters  and  num- 
bers, as  are  all  the  pens  and  different  stalls  and  yards. 
The  pens  for  cattle  and  sheep  vary  in  size,  but  are 
nearly  all  laid  out  in  rectangular  shape.  They  are  so 
constructed  that  several  can  be  thrown  into  one  by 
merely  opening  gates,  like  the  rooms  of  a  house.  Gates 
are  also  so  arranged  as  to  open  across  the  road,  turning 
a  drove  directly  into  the  pen,  and  closing  after  them. 
In  size,  these  enclosures  vary  from  20x25  feet,  to 


58  The  Union  Stock  Yards. 

85x112  feet,  while  others  are  precisely  the  size  of  a  car, 
calculated  to  hold  just  a  car  load  of  stock.  These  latter 
are  mostly  arranged  near  the  shoots  at  the  different 
railroads.  The  posts  supporting  the  fences  which  form 
these  pens  are  cedar,  sunk  through  holes  in  the  plank- 
ing and  three  feet  into  the  ground.  They  average 
about  six  feet  apart  all  over  the  grounds.  The  cattle 
pens  are  open,  but  those  designed  for  hogs  are  covered 
with  sheds.  The  yards  are  provided  with  ample  hay- 
barns  and  corn-cribs,  situated  in  different  parts  of  the 
enclosure,  convenient  to  different  sections  of  pens. 
These  barns  are  30x150  feet  long,  one  story  high,  and 
are  capable  of  holding  500  tons  of  hay  each.  The  corn- 
cribs  are  each  near  one  of  the  barns.  Their  average 
capacity  is  six  thousand  bushels  of  corn.  The  arrange- 
ments for  loading  and  unloading  are  as  nearly  perfect 
as  it  is  possible  to  conceive.  Each  railroad  has  one 
thousand  feet  of  unloading  track  for  its  own  use  exclu- 
sively, and  a  corresponding  array  of  shoots  which  are 
so  arranged  that  whole  trains  can  be  unloaded  at  once. 
The  arrangements  are  so  perfect  that  any  number  of 
cattle  can  easily  be  transferred  from  one  road  to  another 
without  any  risk  of  loss. 

It  is  now  proposed  to  cut  a  canal  160  feet  wide  from 
the  south  branch  of  the  river  along  Egan  Avenue  to 
the  cattle  yards,  of  sufficient  capacity  to  float  vessels. 
The  river  is  already  navigable  to  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  where  the  canal  will  enter  it,  and  the  remain- 
der' can  be  easily  dredged  out.  Vessels  can  then  come 
directly  in  front  of  the  yards,  and  depart  thence  to  any 

Eort.    This  will  afford  greater  facilities  to  the  packing- 
ouses  which  will  be  built  in  that  region,  as  their  pro- 
ducts can  be  shipped  without  the  expense  of  handling 
consequent  upon  shipping  from  our  present  docks. 

The  company  have  now  about  180  acres  of  land 
reserved  for  future  contingencies. 

The  following  table  gives  the  size,  number  of  pens, 
etc.,  belonging  to  this  market : 

ACRKS. 
Quantity  of  land  owned  by  the  U.  S.  Y.  and  Transit  Company...  848 

Number  of  Acres  in  Pens 120 

Number  of  Acres  used  for  Hotel  and  other  buildings 47 

Number  of  Acres  reserved  for  new  Pens 173 


The  Union  Stock  Yards.  59 

STOCK  CAPACITY. — The  Yards  will  conveniently  con- 
tain, at  one  and  the  same  time,  the  following  numbers 
of  Stock : 

HEAD. 

Cattle 25,000 

Hogs 100,000 

Sheep 50,000 

Stalls  for  Horses 850 


Total  capacity 175,350 

There  are,  for  the  thorough  drainage  of  the  Yards, 

35  miles  of  under  drains.    The  streets  and  alleys  occupy 
10  miles  of  length.    There  are  2,000  open  Stock  Pens, 
or  yards  for  Cattle ;  1,000  covered  pens  for  Hops  and 
Sheep,  and  2,700  gates.    The  pens,  whether  covered  or 
open,  are  all  of  them  well  fitted  with  troughs  and 
hydrants,  the  latter  connected  with  the  water  tanks. 
For  the  information  of  the  curious  we  may  state,  that 
the  corn  troughs,  if  placed  close  together,  would  occupy 
a  line  five  miles  in  length,  and  the  feed  troughs,  if  used 
after  the  same  fashion,  would  make  a  line  15  miles  in 
length. 

Since  the  opening  of  the  second  Artesian  Well,  an 
unlimited  and  indeed  inexhaustible  supply  of  pure 
water  is  obtained  for  watering  stock  and  all  other  use- 
ful purposes.  The  following  particulars  respecting 
these  valuable  wells  will  be  read  with  interest : 

THE   FIRST   STOCK    YARD   WELL. 

A  well  8  feet  in  depth  was  dug,  in  which,  on  the  14th 
of  May,  1866,  drilling  was  commenced.  Six  feet  of 
downward  progress  were  made  the  first  day,  3  the  sec- 
ond, 9  the  third,  2  the  fourth,  8  the  eighth,  and  4  the 
ninth. 

The  greatest  progress  was  made  on  the  29th  of  Octo- 
ber, when  64  feet  were  drilled.  On  the  20th  of  the 
same  month  46  feet  were  made  ;  36  feet  on  the  13th,  and 

36  feet  on  the  6th.     With  these  exceptions,  and  34  feet 
drilled  on  the  1st  of  June  and  20  on  the  2nd,  the  daily 
amount  of  drilling  was  of  a  much  smaller  extent,  and 
probably  did  not  average  more  than  8  or  10  feet.     Sev- 
eral minor  streams  of  water  were  encountered,  but  it 
was  not  until  the  30th  ot  October  that  the  final  stream 


60  The  Union  Stock  Yards. 

was  reached.  On  this  day  22  feet  were  drilled,  making 
a  total  depth  of  1,032  feet.  From  this  well  65,000  gal- 
lons of  water  were  yielded  daily,  and  for  a  time  it  was 
supposed  that,  with  this  great  increase  of  the  compa- 
ny's water-power,  it  would  be  fully  able  to  satisfy  the 
requirements  of  the  yards  ;  but  the  lapse  of  a  very  few- 
months  showed  the  necessity  of  at  least  a  second  visi- 
tation to  the  depths  below. 

THE   LAST   STOCK   YARD   WELL. 

Determined  to  get  enough  of  the  required  fluid,  the 
management,  in  the  spring  of  1867,  instituted  the  pre- 
liminary arrangements  for  sinking  a  second  well. 
Boring  was  commenced  on  or  about  the  14th  of  May, 
1888,  and  on  the  24th  of  February,  after  passing  two 
steeams  of  water,  a  vein  was  struck  at  the  depth  of 
1,190  feet,  which  at  the  surface  yields  the  unprecedented 
quantity  of  600,000  gallons  a  day. 

These  two  wells,  perfectly  dissimilar  in  many  of 
their  essential  characteristics,  wonderfully  different  in 
the  quantity  of  water  yielded,  yet  only  separated  one 
from  the  other  by  the  distance  of  a  few  lineal  feet, 
have  attracted  considerable  attention  since  their  com- 
pletion. They  have  been  visited  by  large  numbers  of 
scientific  and  practical  men,  and  are  justly  regarded  as 
works  of  no  mean  importance  in  the  scientific  world. 

THE  TWO  WELLS 

are  both  beneath  the  same  shed,  and  fill  three  tanks 
that  rest  side  by  side.  Each  tank  is  elevated  45  feet 
from  the  ground,  and  has  a  capacity  of  holding  114,000 
gallons.  The  wells  are  59  feet  apart  north  and  south, 
in  which  distance  the  strata  has  a  "  dip"  or  inclination 
of  seven  feet  to  the  north-east.  In  the  old  well  the  first 
bed  of  sandstone  is  20  feel  thicker  than  in  the  new  one. 
The  stratum  of  underlying  limestone  is  exactly  twenty 
feet  thinner.  With  this  exception,  both  borings  present 
materially  the  same  features. 

THE   WATER 

in  the  wells  presents  a  marked  and  singular  difference. 
In  the  old  well  it  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sulphur. 


TJie  Union  Stock  Yards.  61 

So  thoroughly  is  the  impregnation,  that  the  water  not 
only  smells  and  tastes  of  the  substance,  but  deposits  it 
profusely  upon  the  bottom  of  the  trough  in  which  it  is 
received,  and  in  the  tank  in  which  it  is  collected.  After 
exposure  to  the  air  for  a  few  hours,  the  sulphur  is  partly 
precipitated  and  partly  carried  off  by  the  air,  leaving  a 
perfectly  colorless  and  tasteless  fluid. 

In  the  second  well,  on  the  other  hand,  there  are  no 
sulphurous  evidences;  but  the  wrater  is  strongly  charged 
with  one  of  the  oxides  of  iron.  It  has  no  perceptible 
odor,  but  its  chalybeate  characteristics  are  very  apparent 
to  the  taste,  and  to  the  eye  in  the  iron-brown  deposit 
which  covers  the  bottom  of  the  receiving  trough.  Both 
waters  undoubtedly  pcssess  excellent  medical  proper- 
ties, and,  if  only  situated  in  some  fashionable  watering 
place,  would  undoubtedly  boast  a  national  reputation. 

THE  FORCE   OF   THE  WATER 

of  the  last  well  is  sufficient  to  discharge  600,000  gallons 
a  day  at  the  surface.  In  carrying  itself  to  the  height  of, 
the  tanks,  an  altitude  of  forty-five  feet  from  the  ground, 
it  loses  so  much  force  that  only  450,000  gallons  are  dis- 
charged at  this  point  daily.  It  is  estimated  that  at  a 
further  height  of  180  feet,  being  175  from  the  surface, 
the  water  would  assume  a  stationary  position. 

The  wells  are  both  now  in  running  operation  at  the 
stock-yards.  They  are  the  only  means  used  in  the  sup- 
ply of  the  immense  amount  of  water  there  constantly 
required,  and  prove  highly  successful  in  every  respect. 
As  living  realizations  of  the  laws  of  science;  as  proud 
exemplihcations  of  the  energy  and  will  of  our  people, 
they  should  command  the  Interest  and  attention  of 
every  believer  in  Chicago  and  her  institutions. 

THE  UNION  STOCK- YARD  EXCHANGE  AND  BANK. 

The  Union  Stock- Yard  National  Bank,  whose  offices 
are  at  the  yards,  is  one  of  the  most  effective  auxiliaries 
in  facilitating  the  general  business  of  the  market  we 
have.  It  was  not  founded  as  a  mere  commercial  enter- 
prise, for  in  the  outset  its  promoters  must  have  seen 
divers  ways  of  investing  their  capital  of  a  more  pro- 
mising and  remunerative  character ;  but  such  an  insti- 


62  The  Union  Stock  Yards. 

tution  was  an  absolute  necessity,  and  had  therefore  to 
be  provided.  When  the  live-stock  markets  of  Chicago, 
for  we  had  several,  were  located  at  a  comparatively 
short  distance  from  the  Court-house,  access  to  city 
banks  was  easy,  but  by  removing  the  market  away  out 
on  the  prairie,  and  beyond  the  city  limits,  due  provision 
was  needful  for  the  security  and  transmission  of  such 
large  sums  of  money  as  are  handled  in  this  special 
business.  The  undertaking  has  proved  a  great  success, 
and  is  receiving  the  support  of  all  prominent  live-stock 
operators  in  the  West.  This  structure  is  built  of  brick, 
and  is  two  stories  high,  surmounted  by  four  gables, 
which  give  it  a  novel  and  picturesque  appearance.  It 
stands  on  the  corner  of  avenues  D  and  E.  The  south 
end  of  the  building  constitutes  the  bank.  The  room  is 
thirty-seven  feet  square,  and  provided  with  an  immense 
stone  vault,  said  to  be  the  strongest  in  the  city,  and 
capable  of  withstanding  the  chisels  and  powder  of  any 
number  of  burglars.  Adjoining  the  bank  is  the  office 
of  the  Secretary  of  the  company,  a  room  20  by  37  feet, 
with  a  door  opening  into  a  separate  compartment  of  the 
vault.  The  remainder  of  the  ground  floor  is  a  large 
room  60  by  80  feet,  known  as  the  Exchange.  On  the 
second  floor  are  twelve  commodious  rooms,  two  of 
which,  in  the  east  end,  are  used  as  telegraph  offices, 
and  the  others  rented  to  brokers  and  others  doing  busi- 
ness at  the  yards. 

HOTEL. 

For  the  accommodation  of  drovers  and  business  men, 
as  well  as  visitors  to  the  yards,  a  capacious  hotel  has 
been  erected,  called  the  "  Hough  House."  The  edifice 
cost  $125,000.  It  is  30  feet  front  by  144  feet  deep,  and 
six  stories  high.  It  fronts  on  Halsted  street,  and  stands 
on  the  south-east  corner  of  the  yards  proper.  It  is. 
built  of  light-colored  brick,  with  a  Mansard  roof,  and 
surmounted  with  a  cupola  with  a  globe-like  top  and  a 
weather-vane.  On  the  front  of  the  hotel  extends  a 
verandah  fifty-two  feet  in  length,  which  is  reached  by 
a  flight  of  about  twenty  broad  steps,  running  the  entire 
length,  the  whole  bordered  by  a  handsome  railing 
similar  to  that  which  borders  the  balcony  of  the 


The  New  West.  63 

cupola.  On  the  south  side,  which  looks  out  upon  the 
prairie,  is  a  similar  verandah,  eighty-four  feet  in  length, 
entered  by  the  windows  and  several  doors  which  open 
upon  it.  From  this  point  a  most  delightful  view  is 
afforded.  On  a  warm  summer  day  this  is  one  of  our 
most  enjoyable  suburban  retreats. 


THE  SLOPE  OF  THE  PACIFIC  AND 
THE  NEW  WEST. 

THOUGH  we  have  hewn  out  a  wa3'  through  the 
desert,  and  found  enough  to  convince  us  that  the  best 
part  of  the  continent  remains  unsettled,  our  know- 
ledge of  the  vast  region  lying  west  of  the  Missouri 
is  very  slight,  and  exceedingly  superficial,  and  no  won- 
der, when  we  consider  that  up  to  the  year  1844,  just  a 
quarter  of  a  century  ago,  there  were  no  white  men  more 
than  a  giant's  stone-throw  west  of  the  "  Big  Muddy." 
Within  that  twenty- five  years,  since  Polk  sat  in  the 
White  House,  and  Louis  Napoleon  played  his  grand 
coup  d'etat,  we  have  gathered  all  we  know  of  a  region 
equal  in  extent  to  the  whole  of  European  Russia,  which 
has  a  population  of  seventy  million  souls.  No  wonder 
that  the  surveyor's  chain  has  been  dragged  over  but 
infinitesimal  portions  of  the  vast  area,  ancl  that  section 
lines  are  few,  though  claims  innumerable  have  been 
staked  off,  and  millions  of  dollars  worth  of  the  precious 
metals  dragged  from  the  volcanic  repose  of  centuries  by 
the  adventurous  searcher  after  gold. 

The  following  statistics  will  give  a  clearer  idea  of  the 
extent  of  the  country  yet  to  be  conquered,  and  help  us 
to  a  better  comprehension  of  what  they  may  become  in 
the  future,  than  a  volume  of  mere  verbal  description  : 

TERRITORY  AND  POPULATION. 

The  following  shows  the  area  in  square  miles  of  the 
several  States  and  Territories  within  the  district  of  the 
New  West,  with  the  population  in  1860,  and  estimated 
population  at  the  present  time  : 


64 


The  New  West. 


So.  Mile*. 

Alaska 577,890 

Arizona 118,916 

California 188,981 

Colorado 104.500 

Dakota 152,000 

Idaho    90,982 

Indian  Territory 68,991 

K*ns»3 81,318 

Montana 148,776 

Nebraska 75,995 

Nevada 112,000 

New  Mexico 121,201 

0 i  egon 95,274 

Utah 88,056 

Washington  Territory 69,994 

Wyoming 88,000 


Pop.  1860. 
Not  in 

Pop.  1869. 
75,000 

Or»r.  '63 

25,000 

{$79,994 

580,000 

84,  -277 

55,000 

4,887 

80,000 

Org.  '68 

45,000 

9,761 

10,000 

107,206 

800.000 

Org.  '64 

28,826 

60,000 
80,000 

6,857 

53,000 

98,516 



52.455 

100,000 

40,244 

180,090 

11,  £.94 

i  0,000 

Org.  '68 

5,000 

709,577 

1,578,000 

27,489,51)1 
2.8 

41,000,000 
3.86 

ToUl 2,172,416 

Total  of  U.  S.  and  Ter 8,078,892 

Per  cent 60.7 

Including  Alaska  (70,000)  this  area  contains  about 
210,000  Indians. 

More  than  sixty  per  cent,  of  the  whole  territory  of 
the  United  States  lies  west  of  the  Missouri  proper,  with- 
out reference  to  that  part  which  lies  west  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi below  the  confluence  of  the  two  mighty  rivers. 
The  whole  of  this  territory  is  virtually  opened  up  to  us 
of  the  "  East "  by  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  will,  ere 
long,  be  actually  opened  up  by  its  branches.  Thus 
more  than  2,000,000  square  miles  contained  but  2.8  per 
cent.,  or  10  in  357  of  the  entire  population  of  the  United 
States  and  territories  in  1860.  At  present  it  contains 
one  twenty-sixth  part  of  the  entire  population,  the 
number  being  about  double  what  it  was  nine  years  ago. 
These  figures  will  not  necessarily  show  what  will  be  the 
growth  of  the  next  nine  years,  but  they  do  show  how 
much  of  room  and  opportunity  exists  for  it,  and  no  one 
can  doubt  that,  with  the  opportunities  and  facilities 
afforded  by  the  Pacific  Railroad,  their  future  growth 
will  be  so  great  that  the  increase  of  the  past  will  be  too 
short  a  rod  to  measure  it  by. 

PROPERTY  VALUATIONS. 

The  following  were  the  property  valuations,  real  and 
personal,  of  these  States  and  Territories  in  1850  and 
1860,  as  then  bounded  : 


The  New  West. 


65 


1850. 

California $22,161,872 

Kansas 

Oregon   5,063,474 

Nebraska 

New  Mexico 5,174,471 

Utah   

Washington  Territory 

Totals $33,385,900  $8)9, '275, 543 

Totals  U.  S 7,135,780,223     $16,159,616,068 

Per  cent  to  whole 0.42  1.85 

A  valuation  on  the  same  scale  to-day  would  give  not 
less  than  $25,000,000,000,  of  which  about  1,000,000,000, 
or  four  per  cent,,  belongs  to  the  New  West,  as  against 
one  part  in  217  in  1850,  and  one  part  in  54  in  1860. 

MANUFACTURES. 

The  following  shows  the  principal  manufacturing 
statistics  for  18GO  : 

Hands  Em-  Value  of  Pro- 
Capital,            ployed.  duct. 

California $22.043,09*5           49.221  $68,253,228 

Kansas 1,084,935             1,735  4,357,408 

Nebraska 2-i6,575                 336  607.328 

Oregon 1,337,238                 978  2,976,761 

Utah 444,3.')6                 889  900,153 

Washington  Territory 1,296/200                 870  1,406,921 

Totals $26,471,400  53,529  $78,.r>02,799 

Total  U.  S.  AT 1,0^,855,715      1,811,246         1,885,861,676 

Percent 2.6  4  4.16 

It  is  significant  of  the  energies  of  a  new  country,  that 
4  per  cent,  of  the  workers  in  the  United  States  occupied 
the  New  West  in  1860,  while  it  contained  less  than  3 
per  cent,  of  the  population.  There  were  few  or  no 
idlers,  and  are  few  now — a  fact  which  speaks  volumes 
for  its  future.  The  number  of  workers  has  about 
doubled  within  the  past  nine  years,  and  it  is  safe  to 
assume  that  the  capital  actually  employed  has  more 
than  trebled  within  the  same  period,  irrespective  of 
the  increased  value  of  land. 

BANKS. 

The  following  shows  the  number,  capital,  and  circu- 
lation, in  September,  1868,  of  the  National  Banks  west 
5 


66 


The  New  West. 


of  the  Missouri,  except  for  California,  which  has  no 
National  Banks.  That  State  has  a  total  of  thirty-four 
private  bankers,  and  the  State  Bank  has  a  capital  of 
$5,000,000. 

No. 

Kansas  .............................  5 

Kebraska  ..........................  4 

Colorado  ..........................  3 

Nevada  ............................  1 

Oregon  ............................  1 

Utah  ..............................  1 

Montana  .........................  1 

Idaho  ..............................  1 


Capital. 

$4',K),000 
85*1,000 
8T>0,000 
155,000 
100,000 
150,000 
100,0'K) 
100,000 


Circulation. 

$351,000 

170,000 

254,.!XM> 

131,700 

88,500 

135,500 

86,000 

63000 


Totals...  ....     17 

Total  for  United  States  .............  1,629 

Percent  ..........................      1 


$1,705,000    $1,283,700 

426,189,111   809,915,166 

0.4  0.4 


The  following  was  the  estimated  yield  of  the  precious 
metals  in  1868  : 

California  ...............................................  $20,000,000 

Nevada  ................................................  IS.iOO.OOO 

Montana  ................................................  12,000,000 

Idaho  ..................................................  6,000,000 

Oregon  .................................................  5,000,00(1 

Colorado  ........   .......................................  4.000,  Oool 

Washington  .............................................  1  ,000,000* 

Arizona  _____  ..........................................  250,000 

N«"t  Mexico  .............................................  250,000 

Total  ..................  .  ............................  $66,500,000 

The  annual  yield  is  equal  to  about  20^  per  cent,  of 
the  entire  banking  circulation  of  the  Union,  or  sufficient 
to  redeem  it  all  in  the  course  of  less  than  five  years, 
even  in  its  present  ratio.  Estimating  the  total  value 
as  equal  only  to  ten  years'  product,  it  gives  a  specie 
basis  of  $540  for  every  dollar  of  paper  confided  to  the 
care  of  the  people  of  the  New  West.  But  this  yield 
will  be  largely  increased  as  the  facilities  for  transport- 
ing men  and  machinery  are  opened  up  by  the  Pacific 
Railroad.  It  is  safe  to  estimate  that  the  above  tabu- 
lated annual  yield  of  gold  and  silver  will  be  doubled 
within  the  next  four  years. 

Nebraska  increased  her  corn  area  last  year  by  16,145 
acres,  or  about  twenty-five  per  cent.  Kansas  showed  a 
similar  increase  of  63,411  acres,  or  thirty  per  cent.  ; 


The  New  West.  67 

while  Iowa  added  to  her  corn  area  336,682  acres,  or  fif- 
teen per  cent. 

VOTES 

The  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  gave 
last  year  a  total  of  173,202  votes,  as  follows  :  Kansas, 
11,698;  Idaho,  5,320;  California,  108,670;  Oregon, 
22,086;  Arizona,  2,093;  Nebraska,  15,168;  Colorado, 
8,167.  This  was  but  about  one  vote  to  every  11^ 
squares  miles  of  territory. 

PRODUCTIONS. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  leading  statistics  of 
the  productive  and  commercial  industries  of  California 
in  1868 : 

Cocoons  of  ailk  (from  1,175,000  trees) 1,350,000 

Eggs  silk  worms,  do 1,350 

Vintage,  gnllons 8,500,000 

Vintage  brandy,  gallons 800,000 

Vessels  built 57 

Tonn  age 7, 604 

Passengers  to  and  from  Asia 10,095 

Freights  to  and  from  Asia,  ton* 18,295 

Deposits  in  (8)  savings  b^nks    $23,000,000 

Increase  by  emigration,  persons 85,000 

Boots  and  shoes  imported,  packages 68,709 

Domestic  lumber,  feet 197,672,000 

Candles  imported,  boxes 264,589 

Cigars  imported,  cases .  445 

Coal  imported,  anthracite,  tons 29,592 

English  coal  imported,  tons    29.561 

Australian  coal  imported,  tons 27,000 

Pig  iron  imported,  tons 16,659 

Iron,  bars 314,68* 

Flour  exported,  brls 461,868 

Wheat  exported,  bu 4,099,115 

TALC!  OF  MBRCHAMDISE  EXPORTS. 

ToNewYork $8,541,976 

To  Great  Britain 4,568,747 

To  Mexico 1,708,451 

To  South  America 680,822 

To  Hawaiian  Islands 808,746 

To  China 1,161,020 

To  British  Columbia 918,589 

To  Japan 491,105 

To  Australia 1,035,835 

To  other  countries 1,198,100 


Totall868 $22, S 

Total  1867 22,4(55; 908 

Total  1S66 17,808,018 


Total.  Treas. 


68  The  New  West. 


Treasure  Exports,  1868  ....................  $35,444,895       $58,387,775 

"            "          18«7  ....................    4l,67«,792  64,142,6'?5 

1866  ....................    44,864,394  61,667,411 

Receipts  of  customs  ......................................  8,557,081 

Receipts  of  customs,  1767  ...............................  7,611,958 

Coinage  1868  ............................................  17,^65.noO 

Vessels,  arrived,  8,253  :  tonnage  ..........................  1,085,016 

Sales  for  fiscal  pear  1867-8  ...............................  $10.529,930 

Commercial  brokers'  do  .................................     6,^38,300 

Wholesale  dealers  ........................................  18S,4S3,2<X) 

Miscellaneous  ..........................................   47,367,264 

Total  sales  of  the  year  ..................................  $253,218,884 

The  statistics  of  vessels  building  are  believed  to  in- 
clude the  whole  Pacific  coast. 

That  the  growth  of  California  and  Oregon  will  be 
wonderfully  stimulated  by  the  "  great  event  "  there 
can  be  no  question.  California  expects  to  more  than 
double  her  exports  of  breadstuff's  this  year,  and  her 
commerce  will  increase  in  much  the  same  proportion 
by  the  opening  up  of  a  direct  avenue  of  trade  between 
China  and  Japan  through  the  ports  of  San  Francisco 
and  Sacramento,  while  her  population  will,  probably, 
show  a  duplication  of  the  augment  of  1868.  Yet  the 
future  of  California  is  not  more  brilliant  than  that  of 
the  interior  States  ;  they  will,  probably,  grow  even 
more  rapidly  than  she  has  done,  for  their  wealth  is  but 
just  being  discovered,  and  we  are  only  just  beginning 
to  be  able  to  reach  them. 

The  value  of  direct  shipments  of  the  precious  metals  from 
Colorado  in  1368,  not  including  that  taken   by  private 

hands,  was  .......................................   ...  $2,107,235 

Of  which  gold  amounted  to  ..................  .............  1,909.461 

And  silver  to  ............................................  197,744 

Value  of  agricultural  products,  186S  .....................  2,683,840 

Cultivation,  Av. 

acres.  bu. 

Wheat  .......................................  7,410  28 

Corn  .........................................  10.834  25 

Oats,  barley,  etc  .............................  8,709  85 

Potatoes  .....................................  1,966  100 

Total  acre*  ...................................  23,919 

The  railroad  now  building  to  connect  the  Pacific 
trunk  line  with  the  far-famed  Pike's  Peak  region, 


The  New  West.  69 

opening  up  the  Colorado  parks  and  exposing  its  min- 
eral treasures  to  the  labor  of  the  miner,  as  to  the  light 
of  day,  will  make  the  preceding  figures  small  by  com- 
parison with  those  of  1870. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  following  are  statistics  of  the  Territory  of  Wyo- 
ming for  1868 : 

Letters  mailed,  No ,        505,696 

Letters  received,  No 536,243 

Stamps  cancelled $16,148 

Stamps  and  stamped  envelopes  sold $12,409 

Gross  sales  merchandise 7,300,000 

Paid  for  freight,  exclusive  of  government 2,163,355 

Value  lumber  sold 825.000 

Receipts,  passenger  and  express  (W.,  F.  &  Co.) 804,000 

Average  cash  deposited  in  banks 680,000 

Loans  and  discounts 180,000 

Eastern  exchange  sold 16,200,000 

Cash  paid  over  bank  counters 25,400,000 

Gold  bought  by  banks 110.000 

Freight  received,  Ibs 74,010,654 

And  this  is  the  youngest  born  into  the  sub-family  of 
the  Territories.  Cheyenne  alone  promises  to  beat  this 
exhibit  next  year. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  productive  statistics 
of  Utah  Territory  for  the  year  1868  : 

Acres  under  cultivation 180,000 

Of  which  the  cereals  comprise 80,000 

Sugar  cane 2,000 

Root  crops 6,800 

Cotton 200 

Apples 900 

Peaches 1,000 

Grapes 75 

Currants 195 

Meadow 80,000 

Acres  irrigated  in  1867 94,000 

Cost  of  same $247,002 

Property  value  in  1868 $10,533,879 

Tax  assessed  on  do $52,666 

Schools  (in  186  districts,  18,000  pupils) 228 

Property  valuation  of  Salt  Lake  country $4,879,650 

This  is  what  the  Mormons  have  done — created  it  out 
of  dead  sterility.  They  have  helped  to  build  the  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  are  even  now  building  a  railroad  for 
themselves,  to  make  direct  connection  with  the  heart 


70  The  New  West. 

of  Utah  and  the  world's  highway.    It  is  more  than 
probable  that  Utah  will  grow,  too. 

DISTANCES. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distances  of  the  prin- 
cipal points  on  the  route  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  each 
way,  with  the  elevation  in  feet  above  the  sea  level  : 

Distance,  Distance, 

miles.    Elevation,     miles. 

NewYork ....  8,850 

Chicago 960  625  2,890 

Omaha 463  957  1,897 

Kearney 683  2,1*8  1,707 

North  Platte 784  2,830  1,606 

Cheyenne.... 1,009  6,062  1,881 

Sherman  (Summit) 1,042  8,262  1,848 

Bryan ...1,854  6,810  1,0:36 

Wahsatch 1,462  6,880  928 

WeberCanon 1,517  4,654  878 

Ogden  (Salt  Lake) 1,528  4,820  862 

Promontory  Point 1,581  4,948  809 

Humboldt  Wells*. 1,750  5,650  640 

Elcho  (White  Pine) 1,810  5,630  680 

Summit  Sierra 2,165  7,042  225 

Colfax 2,216  2,448  174 

Sacramento 2,270  56  120 

San  Francisco.  2,390  

The  following  shows  the  distances  in  miles,  and  the 
time  consumed  in  traveling,  between  Chicago  and  San 
Francisco: 

Miles.    Hours. 

Chicago  to  Omaha 498  24* 

Omaha  to  Cheyenne 516  25J- 

Cheyenne  to  Ogden  (Utah) 519  28 

OgdentoElcho 282  12* 

Elcho  to  Sacramento 460  16 

Sacramento  to  San  Francisco 120  18} 

Totals 8^890         220~ 

The  rates  of  fare  west  of  Ogden  City  are  10  cents 
per  mile  in  gold,  but  it  is  expected  that  they  will  be 
materially  reduced  after  the  1st  of  July.  (For  the 
above  deeply  interesting  article,  we  are  indebted  to  the 
Chicago  Trilwne  of  May  10th,  1869.) 


Universities  and  Colleges.  71 


UNIVEKSITIES    AND  COLLEGES. 

UNIVERSITY  OF   CHICAGO. 

Is  located  within  four  miles  of  the  Court  House,  and  on 
the  route  of  the  Cottage  Grove  horse-cars,  within  a  few 
steps  of  the  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  conducted  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Baptist  denomination,  but  is  founded 
on  a  broad  and  liberal  basis.  It  is  built  on  a  beautiful 
tract  of  ground  donated  by  Hon.  S.  A.  Douglas.  It 
was  founded  in  1855,  and  the  first  building  erected 
in  1858.  The  main  central  building  is  126x172  feet, 
and  was  completed  in  1868,  at  a  cost  of  $110,000.  It  is 
of  Athens  marble,  and  is  of  very  imposing  appearance. 
The  property,  with  endowments,  is  valued  at  $400,000. 

OBSERVATORY. 

With  the  extension  of  the  Chicago  University,  it 
was  determined  to  found  an  observatory  which  should 
be  an  honor  to  the  west.  A  number  of  scientific  gentle- 
men met  and  pledged  their  assistance.  It  was  at  first 
proposed  to  procure  a  small  instrument  from  New 
York,  but  it  was  soon  decided  that  Chicago  wanted  no 
makeshift,  and  the  celebrated  Clark  telescope  was 
secured,  which  had  been  made  to  the  order  of  a  Loui- 
siana college,  but  not  taken  owing  to  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war.  An  observatory  costing  $30,000  was  built 
on  the  western  side  of  the  University,  and  in  1864  the 
telescope  was  brought  here  anil  put  in  position,  Prof. 
T.  H.  Safford  being  appointed  Astronomer.  The  tower 
is  called  "the  Dearborn."  It  is  a  massive  octagonal 
structure,  comprising  a  solid,  isolated  stone  pier  (the 
cap  or  tripod  stone  of  which  weighs  over  seven  tons) 
within  an  octagonal  stone  tower  35  feet  on  the  base, 
the  whole  surmounted  by  a  revolving  dome,  which 
covers  the  room  except  in  one  point,  where  the  teles- 
cope is  pointed  through  an  aperture.  The  following 
are  the  dimensions  of  the  great  Equatorial  telescope, 
which  moves  by  clock-work,  keeping  pace  with  the 


Universities  and  Colleges. 


Universities  and  Colleges.  73 

revolutions  of  the  earth  on  her  axis,  so  that  when  once 
pointed  to  a  star  it  will  keep  pace  with  it  in  its  ethereal 
journey  as  long  as  may  be  needed  to  complete  the  re- 
quired observation : 

Diameter  of  Declination  Circle,  30  inches. 

Diameter  of  Hour  Circle,  22  inches. 

Focal  Length  of  Object  Glass,  23  feet. 

Aperture  of  Object  Glass,  18}£  inches. 

The  circles  are  read  by  two  microscopes  each,  the 
hour  circle  to  seconds  of  time,  and  the  declination  circle 
to  ten  seconds  of  space.  The  Observatory  has  also  a 
chronometer,  and  a  small  astronomical  library. 

A  meridian  circle  of  the  first  class  has  been  con- 
structed by  Messrs.  A.  Repsold  &  Sons,  of  Hamburgh. 
This  instrument  has  a  telescope  of  six  French  inches 
aperture,  and  divided  circles  of  fort}7  inches  diameter; 
otherwise  it  is  like  Bessel's  celebrated  Kcenigsberg 
circle,  by  the  same  makers,  with  some  late  improve- 
ments in  the  illumination  of  the  field  and  the  wires, 
and  with  apparatus  for  recording  declinations,  a  new 
invention  of  the  makers. 

THE  PRESBYTERIAN   THEOLOGICAL 
SEMINARY 

Is  situated  on  the  corner  of  Fullerton  avenue  and  North 
Halsted  street.  The  building  was  erected  in  1863. 
This  Seminary  was  founded  in  1859  by  the  Old  School 
Genrial  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The 
edifice  is  a  very  handsome  building  of  pressed  brick,  72 
by  40  feet,  with  stone  facings  and  caps,  the  basement 
being  also  of  stone.  The  entire  height  is  five  stories. 
The  Seminary  has  two  libraries  of  nearly  7,000  volumes. 
The  property  is  valued  at  $200,000. 

THE  CHICAGO  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY, 

Located  on  Warren  street,  corner  of  Reuben  street,  was 
chartered  in  1855.  It  belongs  to  the  Congregational 
Church,  but  is  open  to  the  students  of  all  denomina- 
tions. Tuition  is  gratuitous  to  all  students,  and  those 
who  need  it  receive  aid  to  the  amount  of  $150  per  year. 
The  building  is  in  the  Norman  style  of  architecture,  a 


74  Universities  and  Colleges. 

monument  to  the  enterprise  and  liberality  of  the 
denomination.  It  has  a  frontage  on  Union  Park  of  155 
feet,  and  another  on  Warren  street  of  120  feet. 

THE  NORTHWESTERN   METHODIST   EPISCO- 
PAL UNIVERSITY 

Is  now  located  at  Evanston,  twelve  miles  north  of  the 
city.  It  was  founded  in  Chicago  in  1852.  The  build- 
ings are  magnificent.  The  total  value  of  the  property 
is  about  $600,000.  There  are  now  nearly  two  hundred 
students  in  the  institution. 

THE  GARRETT  BIBLICAL  INSTITUTE, 

A  Methodist  institution,  is  also  located  at  Evanston. 
It  was  founded  in  1855,  and  has  now  over  one  hundred 
students.  The  property  is  worth  about  $400,000. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ST.  MARY'S  OF  THE  LAKE, 

Is  situated  on  Superior  street,  near  North  State  street. 
It  was  established  in  1844,  and  a  fine  new  building 
erected  in  1863,  under  the  presidency  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
McMullen.  It  is  now  used  only  for  the  Seminarians, 
or  candidates  for  priestly  orders  in  the  Catholic  Church 
for  the  Diocese  of  Chicago. 

COLLEGE  OF  ST.  IGNATIUS. 

This  is  a  new  college  now  in  course  of  erection  on 
West  Twelfth  street,  corner  of  Blue  Island  Avenue, 
and  adjoining  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Family.  The 
building,  when  completed,  will  be  one  of  the  hand- 
somest educational  structures  in  the  country.  It  is 
built  of  light  colored  pressed  brick,  with  stone  trim- 
mings, and  will  cost  $250,000.  It  will  be  under  the 
charge  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  and  will  accommodate 
a  very  large  number  of  students.  It  is  expected  that  it 
will  be  ready  for  the  reception  of  students  by  the  open- 
ing cf  the  coming  year. 


Universities  and  Colleges. 


76  Universities  and  Colleges. 


ACADEMY  OP  THE  CHRISTIAN  BROTHERS. 

The  Academy  of  the  Christian  Brothers,  on  Van 
Buren  street,  near  Clark,  was  first  opened  in  the  spring 
of  1868,  and  has  already  achieved  a  very  high  and 
deserved  celebrity.  In  the  Order  of  the  Christian 
Brothers,  founded  for  the  purpose  of  devoting  them- 
selves to  the  education  of  youth,  the  members  are 
trained  especially  to  fulfill  the  duties  of  teachers.  How 
well  they  perform  the  onerous  duties  of  their  calling,  is 
attested  by  the  great  success  and  popularity  of 
their  schools  in  Europe,  and  of  late  years  in  this 
country.  Students  of  all  denominations  are  received, 
and  the  religious  opinions  of  the  parents  respected  and 
never  interfered  with  in  the  child.  The  Academy  at 
99  Van  Buren  street  is  a  large  and  well-appointed 
building,  erected  for  the  purpose  at  a  cost  of  $60,000, 
under  the  directorship  of  Bro.  Francis  de  Sales,  one  of 
the  most  accomplished  and  successful  teachers  this 
celebrated  order  has  amongst  them. 

LAW  SCHOOL. 

Connected  with  the  University  of  Chicago,  but  nearly 
independent  in  its  operation,  is  a  Law  School,  con- 
ducted in  Oriental  building,  LaSalle  street.  Henry 
Booth,  Esq.,  is  Dean. 

MEDICAL  COLLEGES. 

BUSH  MEDICAL  COLLEGE, 

Located  on  the  corner  of  Indiana  and  North  Dearborn 
street,  was  established  in  1843.  The  new  building, 
erected  in  1857  at  a  cost  of  $70,000,  is  one  of  the  finest 
educational  structures  in  the  West.  The  College  pos- 
sesses a  large  and  well-selected  library,  besides  ample 
chemical  apparatus,  a  laboratory,  and  a  museum  filled 
with  every  needed  means  of  illustration  and  study  in 
all  the  varied  branches  of  medical  science. 


Universities  and  Colleges. 


77 


78  Universities  and  Colleges. 


THE  CHICAGO  MEDICAL   COLLEGE. 

This  institution,  formerly  the  medical  department  of 
Lind  University,  was  established  in  1858,  and  is  now  in 
a  prosperous  condition.  The  spacious  building  it  occu- 
pies, on  the  corner  of  State  and  Twenty-second  streets, 
was  erected  in  1864,  and,  with  the  lot,  cost  $20,000. 

THE   HAHNEMANN  MEDICAL   COLLEGE, 

Located  at  number  619  State  street,  was  established  in 
1855  at  161  Clark  street,  and  removed  to  its  present 
location,  in  a  fine  new  building,  in  February,  1868.  As 
its  name  indicates,  it  is  devoted  to  the  preparation  of 
practitioners  of  the  Homoeopathic  system  of  medicine. 


SCHOOLS. 

The  education  of  the  youth  of  Chicago  has,  from  the 
very  earliest  period  in  the  history  of  the  City,  engaged 
the  earnest  and  most  solicitous  attention  of  her  citizens, 
and  to-day  the  public,  private,  and  secular  schools  of 
Chicago  will  bear  favorable  comparison  with  any  city 
on  the  continent.  The  rapid  growth  of  the  city  has 
rendered  it  a  continuous  difficulty  to  keep  pace  in 
accommodation  for  the  scholars  claiming  admission. 
The  present  system  of  public  schools  dates  as  early  as 
1839,  two  years  only  after  Chicago  became  an  incorpo- 
rated city,  although  the  first  public  school  under  the 
school  fund  derived  from  the  state  grant  of  lands  was 
started  in  1834.  In  1839  there  were  four  teachers,  but 
no  regular  school  house.  The  city  expended  that  year 
$1,600  for  its  schools.  The  High  School  was  estab- 
lished by  an  ordinance  of  the  City  Council  in  1855,  and 
was  first  opened  on  the  8th  of  November,  1856.  The 
edifice  is  located  on  Monroe  street,  near  Halsted  street, 
and  cost  $50,000. 

From  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Education  we  com- 
pile the  following  totals  : 


Universities  and  Colleges.  79 

Population  of  city,  April,  1868 242,378 

Number  entitled  to  attend  schools 64,229 

School  districts — Grammar 21 

Primary 6 —  27 

Number  of  schools— High 1 

Grammar 21 

Primary 6 —  28 

Number  of  buildings— Owned 88 

Rented 11—  49 

Having  number  of  rooms 873 

In  which  are  employed  : 

Male  teachers 60 

Female  teachers 841—  401 

With  enrolled  pupils 29,9.~>4 

With  an  average  daily  attendance  of 17,658.1 

The  percentage  of  punctual  attendance  being 96.4 

The  ratio  of  all  belonging  in  all  the  schools  to  the  number 

of  school  age  being .286 

The  average  number  of  pupils  to  a  teacher  being  in — 

Hi^h  School 32.4 

Grammar  Schools 47.0 

Prim «ry  Schools 51.0 

During  the  year  there  were  : 

Suspensions  for  absence 2,946 

Suspensions  for  misconduct 3,921 —        6,237 

Cost  per  scholar  for  tuition  upon  average  daily  attendance          $15.71 

Cost  per  scholar  for  incidentals 4.18 

Cost  per  scholar  for  his  share  of  valuation  of  school  prop- 
erty   8.95 

Annual  cost  per  scholar $28.84 

Present  number  of  seats  in  public  schools 20,037 

Number  of  pupils  enrolled 20,879 

Number  awaiting  seats l,f>90 

Number  of  private  schools  in  school  districts 118 

With  pupils  Catholic 10,178 

Scandinavian  and  German 8,457 

Israelitish ; 303 

Other  schools 8,780 

17,718 

Total  receipts  for  fiscal  year  1867 — 

School  tax $387,486.99 

State  fund 6,9»7.M 

Rentsand  interest 40,681.95 

485,077.45 

School  construction  bonds 298, 158.76 

Total  receipts $738,235.81 

Total  expenditures — 

From  school  tax  fund $-349,145.25 

From  school  building  fund 297, 198.05 

646.34S.80 


Balance  of  school  fund  on  hand  April,  1868 $130,159.61 

The  salaries  of  teacher*  amounted  to 277,203.85 


80       Literary  and  Scientific,  Institutions. 


LITERARY    AND    SCIENTIFIC 
INSTITUTIONS. 

THERE  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  very  soon  the 
purely  literary  and  scientific  institutions  of  Chicago 
will  be  as  conspicuous  as  is  now  its  marvelous  material 
growth.  The  centre  of  the  commerce  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley,  and  destined  soon  to  control  the  wonderful 
mineral  resources  of  the  Far  West,  Chicago's  higher  mis- 
sion is  undoubtedly  to  become  a  centre  of  culture  and 
refinement  for  the  whole  land.  Indeed  many  of  the 
most  prominent  merchants  and  capitalists  of  the  city 
are  already  turning  their  thoughts  towards  the  found- 
ing of  such  institutions  as  shall  carry  their  names  down 
to  the  latest  posterity  as  wise  and  liberal  promoters  of 
the  arts  and  sciences. 

Among  the  more  prominent  of  these  is 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  SCIENCES, 

located  at  No.  263  Wabash  avenue,  was  established  in 
1857,  and  the  formation  of  a  Museum  was  then  com- 
menced, the  labor  of  collecting  being  principally  per- 
formed under  the  auspices  of  the  Smithsonian  Institute, 
by  Major  Robert  Kennicott,  who  died  in  the  early  part 
of  I860,  while  engaged  in  an  exploration  of  the  then 
Hussian  America,  since  purchased  by  the  United  States. 
In  1865,  Professor  Agassiz  being  then  delivering  a  course 
of  lectures  in  Chicago,  the  occasion  was  seized  upon  to 
give  a  little  more  vitality  to  the  institution,  and  funds 
were  raised  by  the  issuing  of  Life  memberships  of  $500 
each.  The  collections  of  the  Society  were  removed  to 
rooms  in  the  Metropolitan  Block,  and  there  arranged 
pending  the  erection  of  the  new  building,  now  occupied 
by  the  Academy  at  No.  268  Wabash  avenue,  near  Van 
Buren  street.  In  1866  the  Metropolitan  Block  was 
burned,  and  the  collections  of  the  academy  injured  by 
fire,  over  eighteen  thousand  specimens  being  burned. 


Literary  and  Scientific  Institutions.       81 

The  new  building,  costing  about  $40,000,  is  55  feet  by 
50,  fire  proof,  and  very  strongly  built,  though  plain  in 
external  appearance,  as  it  will  eventually  form  only  an 
adjunct  to  a  larger  and  finer  building  to  be  erected  on 
the  front  of  the  lot,  which  is  owned  by  the  academy. 
The  first  two  stories  contain  the  library,  work  rooms, 
offices,  etc.,  while  the  upper  story  forms  the  museum, 
which  is  twenty-eight  feet  high,  and  surrounded  by 
two  galleries.  Dr.  William  Stimpson  is  secretary. 

THE   CHICAGO  HISTORICAL  SOCIETY 

Is  located  on  the  corner  of  Ontario  and  North  Dear- 
born streets.  It  was  organized  in  1856  with  nineteen 
members,  and  chartered  in  the  following  year,  occupy- 
ing rooms  in  the  Newberry  block,  on  the  corner  of 
Wells  and  Kinzie  streets.  Under  the  management  of 
Rev.  Wm.  Barry,  the  indefatigable  secretary,  the  society 
amassed  a  rare  collection  of  old  books  and  manuscripts, 
with  numerous  valuable  specimens,  and  incited  to  much 
original  research  into  the  natural  and  ethnological  his- 
tory of  the  northwest.  The  collection  now  numbers 
about  100,000  items,  including  15,000  bound  volumes ; 
the  society  consists  of  about  sixty  active  members ;  T. 
H.  Armstrong  secretary.  A  fire-proof  building  designed 
as  a  wing  of  a  future  edifice  was  erected  in  1868  at  a 
cost  of  about  $35,000.  The  cost  of  the  entire  building 
when  finished  will  be  about  $200,000.  The  building  will 
have  a  frontage  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  on 
Ontario  street,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  feet  on 
Dearborn,  and  will  be  sixty-six  feet  high  from  the  side- 
walk, besides  a  basement  nine  and  one-half  feet  high. 
The  first  story  will  be  eighteen  feet  high,  and  will  con- 
tain a  large  entrance  hall,  a  reading  room,  lecture  room, 
office,  museum,  and  binding  and  store-room.  An  open 
court  will  extend  the  whole  height  of  the  building,  and 
be  covered  by  a  glass  roof.  This  court  will  be  36x24 
feet,  and  will  be  finished  with  smooth  walls  and  marble 
floor,  and  is  intended  for  the  exhibition  of  statuary  and 
other  works  of  art. 


82  Libraries. 


THE  CHICAGO  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION, 

Formerly  the  Young  Men's  Library,  is  in  the  hall  on 
the  corner  of  Randolph  and  LaSalle  streets,  generally 
known  as  Metropolitan  Hall.  The  association  derives 
its  income  from  the  annual  fees  of  membership  and 
proceeds  of  lectures.  A  movement  is  now  progressing 
to  accumulate  a  building  fund  for  the  erection  of  a 
suitable  edifice  which  shall  supply  the  present  and 
future  needs  of  the  Association.  In  the  rooms  of  the 
library  may  be  found  the  latest  files  of  all  home  and 
foreign  newspapers  and  periodicals  of  merit. 

UNION    CATHOLIC    LIBRARY    ASSOCIATION 

Is  located  at  No.  122  LaSalle  street.  It  was  organ- 
ized in  1868  by  a  few  public  spirited  gentlemen,  and  is 
now  in  a  very  flourishing  condition.  It  has  a  very 
excellently  appointed  reading  room,  and  a  well  selected 
library  of  choice  works,  to  which  additions  are  being 
constantly  made. 

IRISH  LITERARY  ASSOCIATION. 

This  association  meets  in  Blake's  building,  oh  Wash- 
ington, near  the  corner  of  Wells  street.  It  is  yet  in  its 
infai'Cy,  having  been  organized  in  March,  1869.  It  is 
established  on  broad  and  liberal  principles,  independent 
of  creed  and  sect,  for  the  mutual,  social,  and  literary 
advancement  of  its  members. 


LIBRARIES. 

Chicago  in  her  rapid  advancement  in  material  pro- 
gress, has  not  altogether  overlooked  the  advantages  to 
be  derived  from  well  selected  libraries.  There  are  in 
the  city  many  of  the  most  valuable  and  extensive  pri- 
vate collections  in  the  country.  Amongst  the  public 
libraries,  that  of  the  Law  Institute  is  probably  the  most 


Telegraph  and  Express  Companies.      83 

valuable.  The  libraries  of  her  institutions  of  learning 
keep  equal  pace  with  their  prosperity.  That  of  the 
Historical  Society  is  a  very  extensive  collection.  The 
next  in  prominence  and  value  is  that  collected  by  the 
Young  Men's  Association,  in  Library  Hall,  corner  of 
LaSalTe  and  Randolph  streets,  now  the  Chicago  Library 
Association. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Public  Libraries  in  the 
City: 

LIBRARIES  AND  READING  ROOMS. 

Chicago  Historical  Society,  Ontario,  between  Clark 

and  Dearborn  streets. 

Chicago  Law  Institute,  Third  floor  of  Court  House. 
Free  Library,  N.  Reuben  st,  near  W.  Chicago  Ave. 
Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary,  Halsted  street,  <?or. 

Fullerton  Ave. 
Chicago  Library  Association,  Randolph,  cor.  LaSalle 

street 
Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Madison,  between 

Clark  and  LaSalle  streets. 
Union  Catholic  Library  Association,  122  LaSalle  street. 


TELEGRAPH  COMPANIES. 

Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  —  Office,  northwest 
cor.  Washington  and  LaSalle  streets. 


EXPRESS  COMPANIES. 

American  Merchants  Union  Express  Company — Office, 

96  and  98  Lake  street. 
United  States  Express  Company  —  Offices,  130  Lake,  and 

18  and  20  Clark  street 


84  Transportation  Companies. 


FOREIGN  CONSULS  IN  CHICAGO. 

Belgium  — I.  F.  Henrotin,  110  N.  LaSalle  street. 

Denmark  (Vice- Consul)  —  P.  Neils  Peterson. 

France  (Vice-Consul}  —  Edmond  Caney,  residence  175 

Lake  street. 
Great  Britain  —  Francis  Wilkins,  acting  consul,  Office, 

30  Reynolds  Block. 

Italy  —  August  Fredin,  residence  175  Lake  street. 
Netherlands  (Consular  Agent)  —  Henry  S.  Haas,  Office, 

161  Clark  street. 
Sweden  and  Norway  —  Peter  L.  Hawkinson,  2  Uhlich's 

Block. 
Switzerland  —  Henry  Enderis,  45  Clark  street;  Louis 

Borein,  Vice-Consul. 
Nffrth  German  Confederation  —  Henry  Claussenius,  4  S. 

Clark  street. 


STEAMBOAT  AND    TRANSPORTATION   COM- 
PANIES. 

American  Transportation  Company  —  Office,  19  Ex- 
change Place. 

Atlantic  &  Pacific  Freight  Express  Line—  Office,  41 
Dearborn  street. 

Blue  Line  (Through  Freight)  —  Office,  31  Dearborn 
street. 

Buffalo,  Cleveland  &  Chicago  Line  — 190  S.  Water  street. 

Chicago  &  Green  Bay  Propeller  Line  —  First  Dock  east 
of  Rush  street. 

Chicago,  Grand  Haven  &  Muskegon,  and  Milwaukee,  Port 
Washington,  Sheboygan,  Manitowoc  &  Two  Rivers  Line 
—First  Dock  east  of  Rush  street  Bridge. 

Chicago  dc  St.  Joseph  Line —  Office,  4  and  6  River  street. 

Chicago  &  Grand  Traverse  Propeller  Line  —  Office,  Lum- 
ber street,  cor.  Maxwell. 

Clary  &  Akhursi  Line  of  Canal  Boats  —  Office,  Room  1, 
Steel's  Buildings. 

Empire  Line  —  Office,  52  S.  Clark  street. 


and  Publications.  85 

Brans'  Buffalo  &  Chicago  Line  of  Propellers —  Office, 
Market  street,  between  Washington  and  Madison. 

Goodrich  Transportation  Company  —  Offices,  on  docks 
below  Rush  street  bridge. 

Grand  Trunk  Line  and  Lake  Superior  Line  of  Steamers 
—  Office,  S.  Water  St.,  foot  of  S.  LaSalle  street. 

Grand  Trunk  Line  of  Propellers  —  Office,  foot  of  La- 
Salle street. 

Great  Western  Despatch  Fast  Freight  Line— [Offices,  130 
Lake,  and  20  Clark  streets. 

Lake  Superior  People's  Line  of  Steamers  —  Office,  Market 
St.,  between  Washington  and  Madison. 

Merchants  Despatch  Fast  Freight  Line  —  Office,  40  Dear- 
born street. 

Michigan  Canal  &  Illinois  River  Propeller  Line  —  Office, 
foot  of  Wabash  Ave. 

Northern  Transportation  Company — Office,  foot  of  N. 
LaSalle  street. 

Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago  Fast  Freight  Line  — 
Office,  65  Clark  street. 

Red  Line  Transit  Company  —  Office,  54  Clark  street. 

Star  Union  Line  —  Office,  62  and  64  LaSalle  street. 

Stephens'  St.  Joseph,  South  Haven  &  Chicago  Propeller 
Line  —  Office,  4  and  6  River  street. 

Union  Despatch  Company  —  Office,  Monroe  street,  near 
State. 

Western  Express  <&  People's  Line  —  Office,  S.  Water  St., 
foot  of  State. 

Western  States  Line  —  Office,  Market  St.,  near  Madison. 

Western  Transportation  Company  —  Office,  foot  of  State 
street. 


NEWSPAPERS  AND  PUBLICATIONS. 

The  daily  press  of  Chicago  is  universally  acknowl- 
edged to  be  in  ability  and  enterprise  fully  up  to  the 
metropolitan  standard.  There  are  now  issued  in 
Chicago  three  first-class  daily  morning  papers  in  Eng- 
lish, and  two  in  German,  and  two  evening  papers.  Each 
of  the  dailies  issue  a  tri-weekly  and  weekly  edition. 
There  are  eight  daily  publications  of  a  miscellaneous 


86  Churches. 

character,  and  thirty  weeklies,  of  which  nine  are 
specially  devoted  to  religion,  two  of  these  in  the  Ger- 
man language,  and  one  in  the  Swedish.  There  is  one 
weekly  printed  in  Italian,  one  in  Scandivavian,  two  in 
the  railroad  interest,  two  spiritual,  one  insurance 
organ,  and  one  to  the  Irish  race,  two  agricultural,  and 
one  workingman's  advocate.  Of  the  sixteen  month- 
lies three  are  religions,  one  of  them  being  printed 
in  the  Swedish  language,  one  is  devoted  to  insurance, 
one  to  music,  one  to  the  order  of  Odd  Fellows,  and  the 
balance  of  a  miscellaneous  order.  There  are  ten 
monthly  magazines,  of  which  two  are  medical,  (in 
addition  to  a  quarterly  medical  issue)  one  is  German, 
two  Masonic,  two  religious  and  two  literary,  and  one 
devoted  to  the  advancement  of  the  arts. 


CHURCHES  IN  CHICAGO. 

MANY  of  the  church  edifices  in  Chicago  are  of  great 
elegance  and  beauty,  and  should  not  be  overlooked  by 
visitors  who  desire  to  see  every  thing  in  the  city  worth 
seeing.  Our  space  does  not  admit  of  a  detailed  descrip- 
tion, but  we  may  be  permitted  to  indicate  a  few  of  the 
most  prominent  and  noteworthy.  Christ,  Grace, 
Trinity,  St.  James,  and  the  Bishop's  Church,  Episcopal ; 
The  Church  of  the  Holy  Name,  Holy  Family,  (Jesuit) 
and  St.  Joseph's  (Catholic);  First  Baptist,  Union  Park 
Baptist,  and  Fifth  Baptist ;  The  New  England  and  Ply- 
mouth, Congregational ;  Grace,  Centenary  and  Wabash 
Avenue  Methodist  Episcopal ;  The  First,  Second,  and 
Third  Presbyterian  ;  The  First  and  Messiah  Unitarian, 
and  St.  Paul's  Universalist,  are  about  the  principal 
churches  in  architectural  beauty. 

The  hours  of  divine  service  in  nearly  all  the  churches 
in  Chicago  are  at  10^  A.M.  and  7J£"  P.M.  Sabbath- 
school  at  2  P.M. 


FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH. 


88  Churches. 


LIST  OF    CHURCHES  IN  CHICAGO. 

BAPTIST. 

Bridgeport  Baptist  Church,  Iron  Clad  Hall. 
First  Baptist  Church,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Hubbard  court. 
First  Danish  Baptist  Church,  Union  nr.  W.  Indiana  st. 
First   German  Baptist  Church,  Indiana,  near  Wood  st. 
Free  Baptist  Church,  W.  Jackson,  cor.  Peoria  st 
Indiana  Av.  Baptist  Church,  Indiana  av.  cor.  13  st. 
North  Baptist  Church,  N.   Dearborn,  cor.  Chicago  av 
Olivet  Baptist  Church,  (colored)  4th  av.  nr.  Taylor  st. 
Providence  (col'd)  Lecture  Room  Union  Park  Church. 
Second  Baptist  Church,  W.  Monroe,  S.  W.  cor.  Morgan. 
Second  German  Baptist,  Chicago  av.,  cor.  Chase  st. 
Swedish  Baptist  Church,  110  Breiner  st. 
Union  Park  Baptist,  W.  Washington,  cor.  Paulina  st. 
Wabash  Av.  Baptist  Church,  Wabash  av.  cor.  18th  st. 
South  Baptist  Church,  Boniface  st.,  Bridgeport. 
Fifth  Baptist  Church,  Sangamon,  cor.  of  Harrison. 
North  Star  Mission,  cor.  Division  and  Sedgwick  sta. 
University  Place  Baptist  Church. 

CHRISTIAN     CHURCH. 

Christian  Church,  cor.  Wabash  av.  and  16th  sts. 
Second  Church,  cor.  Carpenter  and  Church  sts. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 

First  Church,  W.  Washington,  cor.  Green. 

New  England  Church,  White  st.,  cor.  N.  Dearborn. 

Plymouth  Church,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Eldridge  court. 

Salem  Church,  Cleaverville. 

South  Church,  Calumet  av.,  N.  E.  cor.  26th  st. 

Tabernacle  Church,  cor.  W.  Indiana  and  N.  Morgan  st. 

Union  Park  Church,  Reuben,  cor.  W.   Washington  st. 

Oakland  Congregational  Church,  Lake,  cor.  Oakland  av. 

Bethany  Church,  cor.  Paulina  and  2nd  sts. 

Leavitt  Street  Church,  W.  Adams,  cor.  Leavitt  st. 

Lincoln  Park,  cor.  Centre  and   Church  sts. 

North- West  Mission  Chapel,Milwaukee,cor.  Western  av. 

Providence  Mission,  cor.  Western  av.  and  Warren  av. 


Churches.  89 


EPISCOPAL. 

The  Cathedral,  cor.  W.  Washington  and  Peoria  sts. 
Calvary  Church,  Warren  av.  cor.  Western  av. 
Christ  Church,  Michigan  av.,  S  E.  cor.  24th  st. 
Church  of  the  Ascension,  cor.  N.  La  Salle  and  Elm  sts. 
Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  Burnside  st. 
Grace  Church,  Wabash  av.  near  14th  st. 
St.  Ansgarius,  Indiana,  cor.  N.  Franklin  st. 
St.  John's  Church, W.  Lake  st.,  cor.  St.  John's  pi. 
St.  James'  Church,  cor.  Cass  and  Huron  sts. 
St.  Mark's  Church,  Cottage  Grove. 
St.  Stephen's  Church,  Forquer,  cor.  Blue  Island  av. 
Trinity  Church,  Jackson  st.,  near  Michigan  av. 
Church  of  the  Epiphany,  Throop,  near  W.  Monroe  st. 
Church  of  the  Atonement,  Washington,  cor.  Robey  st. 
Church  of  Our  Saviour,  Belden,  cor.  Hurlbut  st. 
Cicero  Mission  Chapel,  cor.  Lake  and  Seymour  sts. 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION  OP    NORTH  AMERICA. 

First  Society,  Polk  St.,  cor.  3rd  av. 
Second  Church,  Chicago  av.,  cor.  Wells. 
Third  Church,  W.  12th,  S.  W.  cor.  Union  st. 

GERMAN   EVANGELICAL   REFORMED. 

First  Church,  Des  Plaines,  near  Van  Buren  st. 

EVANGELICAL  LUTHERAN. 

St.  Paul's  Church,  Superior  cor.  N.  Franklin. 
Immanuel  Church,  W.  Taylor,  cor.  Brown  st. 
Third,  St.  John's  Church,  1st  st.,  cor.  Bickerdike. 
Trinity  Church,  Hanover,  cor.  Kossuth  st. 

ENGLISH  EVANGELICAL  LUTHERAN. 

First  Church,  Dearborn,  north-east  cor.  Ontario  st. 

UNITED  EVANGELICAL. 

First  German,  St.  Paul's,  Ohio  st.,  S.  W.  cor  La  Salle. 
Fourth  German,  St.  Peter's,  Chicago  av.,  cor  Noble  st. 
Zion  Church,  Union,  N.  W.  cor.  Mitchell  st. 
Third  German,  Salem  Church,  21st  st.,  cor.  Archer  ave. 


90  Churches. 

INDEPENDENT. 

Mission  Church,  Illinois  st.,  bet.  N.  Wells  and  La  Salle. 

JEWISH    CONGREGATIONS. 

Church  of  the  North  Side,  Superior,  near  Franklin  st. 
Sinai  Congregation,  Van  Bcren  st.,  cor.  3d  ave. 
Kehilath  Anshe  Maarib,  Wabash  ave.,  cor.  Peck  ct. 
Kehilath  Benay  Sholom,  Harrison  st.,  N.  W.  cor.  4th  av. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

Simpson  Street  Church,  Bonfield  st.,  near  St.  Louis 

railroad. 

CentenaryChurch,Monroe,bet.  Morgan  and  Aberdeen  sts 
First  Church,  Clark,  cor.  Washington  st. 
First  Scandinavian,  Illinois,  cor.  Market  st. 
Free  Methodist  Church,  Jefferson,  near  Polk  st. 
Grace  Church,  N..La  Salle  st.,  N.  W.  cor.  Chicago  ave. 
Park  Avenue  Church,  Park  avenue,  S.  E.  cor.  Robey  st. 
Second  Scandinavian,  N.  Sangamon,  cor.  4th.  st. 
Trinity  Church,  21st,  cor.  Indiana  ave. 
Wabash  Avenue  Church,  cor.  Harrison  st. 
West  Indiana  Church,  cor.  N.  Sangamon  st. 
Wesley  Chapel,  Blackhawk,  cor.  Sedgwick  st. 
Grant  Place  Church,  Larrabee  St.,  cor.  Grant  Place. 
Maxwell   Street  Church,   between  Newberry  avenue 

and  Johnson  st. 

Elston  Road  Church,  Elston  Road,  cor.  North  ave. 
Free  M.  E.  Church,  Morgan,  bet.  Lake  and  Fulton  sts. 
Indiana  Avenue  Church,  between  32d  and  33d  sts. 
African  M.  E.  Church,  4th  av.,  near  Taylor  st. 
Illinois  Chapel  (African),  Jackson  st,  cor.  4th  av. 

GERMAN  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL. 

First  German,  45,  47,  and  49  Clybourne  av. 

West  German  Church,  Maxwell,  near  Newberry  st. 

German  Church,  Van  Buren,  near  Clark  st. 

LUTHERAN. 

First  Norwegian  Evangelical,  N.  Franklin,  cor.  Erie  st. 
Our  Saviour  Church,  N.  May,  cor.  W.  Erie  st. 


Churches.  91 

Swedish  Evangelical  Church,  190  and  192  Superior  st. 

The  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of  the  Unchanged 

Augsburg  Confession,  N.  Peoria,  cor.  W.  Indiana  st. 

PRESBYTERIAN — NEW  SCHOOL. 

Calvary  Presbyterian  Church,  Indiana  av.,  cor.  22d  st. 

First  Hyde  Park  Church,  Hyde  Park. 

First  Presbyterian  Church,  Wabash  av.,  near  Van 
Buren  st. 

Eighth  Presbyterian  Church,  Robey,  cor.  W.  Wash- 
ington street. 

Ninth  Presbyterian  Church,  Ellis  av. 

Olivet  Church,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  14th  st. 

Second  Presbyterian  Church,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Wash- 
ington st. 

Seventh  Presbyterian  Church,  Halsted,  cor.  Harrison  st. 

Third  Presbyterian  Church,  Carpenter  St.,  cor.  W. 
Washington. 

Thirty-first  street  Presbyterian  Church,  31st  st. 

Welsh  Church.  Monroe,  cor.  Sangamon  st. 

Westminster  Presbyterian  Church,  Ontario  cor.  N. 
Dearborn  st. 

Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  May,  cor.  Fulton  st. 

PRESBYTERIAN — OLD  SCHOOL. 

Fullerton  Avenue  Church,  Fullerton  av.,  near  Clark  st. 
Jefierson  Chapel,  Adams,  N.  E.  cor.  Throop  st. 
North  Presbyterian  Church,  Cass,  S.  E.  cor.  Indiana  st. 
South  Presbyterian  Church,  Wabash  av.,  nr.  Congress. 
Twenty-eighth  St.  Church,  28th  st.,  near  Wabash  av. 

PRESBYTERIAN — SCOTCH. 

First  Church,  W.  Adams,  cor.  Sangamon  st. 

Scotch  Presbyterian  Church,  Peoria,  near  Monroe  st. 

PRE  SB  YTERIAN — UNITED. 

First  United  Presbyterian,  Green,  near  W.  Monroe  st. 
Third  United  Presbyterian,  Superior,  cor.  N.  Franklin. 

REFORMED  DUTCH. 

First  Church,  Harrison,  cor.  May  st. 

American  Reformed  Church,  W.  Washington,  nr.  Ann. 


92  Churches. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name,  N.  State  st.,  cor.  Superior. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Family,  West  12th,  cor.  May  st. 

Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  N.  Franklin  st. 

Notre  Dame  de  Chicago,  Halsted,  near  Harrison  st. 

St.  Bridget's  Church,  Bridgeport. 

St.  Boniface's  Church,  Cornell,  N.  E.  cor.  Noble  st. 

St.  Columbkill  Church,  N.  Paulina,  cor.  W.  Indiana  st. 

St.$Francis  of  Assissium,  W.  12th  st.,  cor.  Newberry. 

St.  John's  .Church,  Clark,  cor.  18th  st. 

St.  James'  Church,  Prairie  av.,  bet.  26th  and  27th  sts. 

St.  Joseph's  Church,  Chicago  av.,  N.  E.  cor.  Cass  st. 

St.  Louis'  Church,  Sherman,  near  Polk  st. 

St.  Mary's  Church,  Wabash  av.,  S.  W.  cor.  Madison  st. 

St.  Michael's,  North  av.,  cor.  Church  st. 

St.  Patrick's  Church,  S.  Desplaines,  N.  W.  cor.  Adams. 

St.  Paul's,  cor.  Mather  and  Clinton  sts. 

St.  Peter's,  Clark,  cor.  Polk  st. 

St.  Wenzeslaus,  De  Koven,  N.  E.  cor.  Desplaines  st. 

8WEDENBORGIAN. 

Chicago  Society  of  New  Jerusalem,  Adams,  nr.  State  st. 
German  Society,  Reuben  st.,  near  W.  Chicago  av. 

UNITARIAN. 

Church  of  the  Messiah,  Wabash  av.  cor.  Hubbard  ct. 
Unity  Church,  cor.  Dearborn  and  Whitney  Sts. 
All  Souls,  Ada,  near  Washington  st. 

UNIVER8ALI8T. 

St.  Paul's,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Van  Buren  st. 

Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Sangamou,  cor.  Washington  st. 

CHRISTIAN  CHURCH. 

Christian  Church,  cor.  Wabash  av.  and  16th  st. 
Second  Church,  cor.  Carpenter  and  Front  st. 

QUAKERS. 

Friends  Meeting,  26th  St.,  bet.  Indiana  and  Prairie  avs. 


Churches. 


93 


MISCELLANEOUS  CHURCHES  AND   MISSIONS. 

Church  of  God,  cor.  Warren  av.  and  Robey  st. 
Christian  Church,  Indiana  av.  and  25th  st. 
Daily  Noon  Prayer  Meeting,  148  and  150  Madison  st. 
Free  Church,  cor.  Kankakee  av.  and  33rd  st. 
Advent  Church,  Monroe,  bet.  Clark  and  LaSalle  sts. 
Providence  Mission,  cor.  Western  and  Warren  avs. 
Tammany  Hall  Mission,  Lincoln,  cor.  Indiana  sts. 
Bremner  Hall  Mission,  340  N.  Carpenter  st. 
Farwell  Hall,  Madison,  bet.  Clark  and  LaSalle  sts. 
Shields  Mission,  21st  st.,  cor.  Wentworth  av. 
Outward  Mission,  Perch  st.,  bet.  Leavitt  and  Oakley. 

From  "  Colbert's  Chicago,"  already  frequently  quoted 
in  this  work,  we  take  the  following  table : 

RECAPITULATION. 

These  figures  have  been  obtained  in  nearly  every 
case  from  parties  supposed  to  be  good  authority  in  the 
several  denominations  named,  and  some  of  them  are 
doubtless  liberal  enough.  The  total  Catholic  attendance 
is  probably  of  this  character.  A  careful  count  would 
scarcely  show  a  total  attendance  of  101,000  persons  on 
any  one  Sunday  of  the  year,  in  all  the  churches  of  the 
city,  Catholic  and  Protestant.  The  following  are  the 
totals : 


Denomination.                        Churches.     Value.     Attend.  Scholar*. 

Roman  Catholic  

20 

$3,543,000 

101,617 

15,700 

Episcopal  

12 

747,500 

5,850 

2,900 

Baptist  

14 

518,100 

4,290 

6,195 

Methodist  Episcopal  
Presbyterian  

17 
19 

825,000 
1,069,500 

8,050 
6,850 

6,«87 
8,525 

Congregational  

9 

874,000 

8  3''5 

2,800 

Unitarian  

2 

200,000 

1,200 

300 

Universalist  

2 

185,000 

1,450 

840 

3 

85,000 

265 

130 

Christian  

2 

18,000 

270 

190 

Reformed  

2 

16,600 

950 

210 

11 

860,000 

5,800 

1,600 

4 

105,000 

867 

235 

Norwegian  and  Swedish  Lutheran  .. 

4 

51,000 

2,000 

925 

Reformed  Dutch  

2 

90,000 

500 

200 

Other  Societies  

3 

11,000 

450 

470 

Totals 120    $8,203,100     148,117     41,557 


94  Reformatory  Institutions. 


REFORMATORY     INSTITUTIONS 

THE  Chicago  Reform  School,  pleasantly  located  a 
Cleayerville,  on  the  lake  shore,  about  two  miles  fron 
the  city,  was  opened  November,  1856,  for  the  receptioi 
and  training  of  boys  who  were  without  the  care  o 
parents,  or  who,  by  vicious  tendencies,  needed  specia 
care.  The  boys  are  instructed  in  the  ordinary  branche 
of  a  common  English  education,  and  are  taught  sonn 
useful  trade. 


THE  INDUSTRIAL  SCHOOL 
On  Archer  road,  near  Brighton,  was  established  in  186 
by  the  late  Very  Rev.  Dr.  Dunne,  under  the  auspices  c 
the  Society  of  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  and  is  conducted  b 
the  Christian  Brothers.  Catholic  parents,  or  guardian; 
are  permitted  to  choose  this  institution  instead  of  tl 
Reform  School,  where  restraint  is  ordered  by  the  court 


THE  WASHINGTONIAN  HOME 

Is  located  in  the  old  Bull's  Head  Tavern  on  Madiso 
street,  opposite  Union  Park.  It  was  established  for  th 
reformation  and  cure  of  inebriates.  Its  support  i 
derived  from  payments  made  by  its  inmates  for  boar 
and  attendance,  aided  by  liberal  donations  from  th 
public  spirited  and  charitable  citizens,  and  also  apprc 
priations  by  the  City  Council.  Until  recently,  it 
benefits  have  been  confined  to  the  male  sex.  A  move 
ment  is  now  on  foot  which  will,  no  doubt,  be  successfu 
to  extend  its  salutary  benefits  to  unfortunate  females. 

THE  ERRING  WOMAN'S  REFUGE 

Is  on  Indiana  avenue,  a  few  doors  south  of  Twentj 
fifth  street,  and  as  its  name  imports,  is  intended  as 
home  for  penitent  females  who  desire  to  be  reclaime 
from  a  life  of  infamy.  It  is  conducted  under  th 
auspices  of  an  association  of  Protestant  ladies  who,  in 
quiet  and  unostentatious  manner,  have  accomplished 


Charitable  Institutions.  95 

large  measure  of  good  in  a  field  where  there  is,  unfortu- 
nately, still  much  to  be  done. 

THE  MAGDALEN  ASYLUM, 

On  the  corner  of  Market  and  Hill  streets,  in  the  North 
Division,  is  under  the  charge  of  the  Sisters  of  the  Good 
Shepherd.  It  has  been  established  for  the  reformation 
of  fallen  women.  It  was  founded  in  1858.  In  its  early 
days  the  good  sisters  had  to  struggle  against  many  hard- 
ships and  great  discouragements  in  carrying  out  their 
praiseworthy  undertaking.  At  length,  by  the  co-opera- 
tion of  the  charitable  citizens  and  the  aid  of  Bishop 
Duggan,  a  half  block  of  ground  was  purchased  at  a  cost 
of  $15,000,  and  a  suitable  building  erected  at  an  expense 
of  $10,000.  Several  improvements  have  since  been 
made,  and  the  institution  is  now  in  a  more  prosperous 
condition.  But,  although  much  good  lias  been  done 
by  the  enterprise,  the  means  at  the  disposal  of  the  pious 
ladies  is  much  too  circumscribed,  and  appeals  loudly  to 
the  benevolent  for  aid. 


CHAEITABLE    INSTITUTIONS. 

To  enumerate  each  of  the  charitable  institutions  of 
the  city  would  occupy  more  space  than  can  be  given 
in  a  little  work  of  this  kind.  In  addition  to  the  corpo- 
rate institution — the  county  poor  house,  situated  in  a 
healthy  location,  twelve  miles  north-west  from  the  city 
— nearly  all  the  churches  have  some  association  whose 
object  is  to  relieve  the  necessitous.  The  St.  Vincent 
de  Paul  society  have  a  conference,  composed  of  young 
men,  in  each  of  the  Catholic  churches,  and  in  an  unos- 
tentatious manner  visit  the  sick  and  relieve  the  poor 
constantly  and  systematically.  The  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  the  Association  of  the  Ministry 
at  Large,  and  the  City  Relief  and  Aid  Society,  in  like 
manner,  do  a  world  of  good. 


96  Charitable  Institutions. 


THE  PROTESTANT  ORPHAN  ASYLUM 

Is  located  on  Michigan  avenue,  corner  of  Twenty-sec- 
ond street.  It  is  a  noble  charity,  admirably  conducted, 
and  has  over  four  hundred  homeless  little  waifs,  both 
girls  and  boys,  who  are  tenderly  cared  for,  and  trained 
for  a  life  of  usefulness. 

HOME  FOR  THE  FRIENDLESS. 

This  institution  occupies  a  three-story  brick  build- 
ing, at  911  Wabash  avenue.  It  is  supported  entirely 
by  voluntary  contributions.  A  large  sum  is  thus  col- 
lected, and  annually  expended  in  providing  for  the 
comfort  and  protection  of  numbers  of  homeless  and 
friendless  poor,  principally  children,  who  are  being 
constantly  received,  and  provided  with  homes  in  char- 
itable families. 

THE  OLD  LADIES  HOME 

Is  located  in  a  building  owned  by  the  Association,  on 
Indiana  avenue,  near  Twenty-seventh  street.  In  this 
institution  many  respectable  and  worthy  old  ladies  find 
a  home,  who,  otherwise,  would  be  left  to  the  cold  char- 
ities of  the  world,  and  suffer  many  bitter  hardships. 
This  is  is  one  of  the  very  noblest  charities  of  the  city, 
and  is  eminently  deserving  of  support. 

NURSERY  AND  HALF  ORPHAN  ASYLUM 

Is  located  on  the  corner  of  Wisconsin  and  Franklin 
streets. 

ST.  JOSEPH'S  MALE  ORPHAN  ASYLUM, 

No.  267  Wabash  avenue,  under  charge  of  the  Sisters  of 
Mercy. 

ST.  MARY  AND  ST.  JOSEPH'S  ORPHAN  ASYLUM 

Corner  of  Superior  and  N.  State  street,  under  the 
charge  of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Joseph. 

PROTESTANT  ORPHAN  ASYLUM, 
Michigan  avenue,  cor.  Twenty-second  street. 


Hospitals  and  Dispensaries.  97 


HOSPITALS  AND  DISPENSAEIES. 

COOK  COUNTY  HOSPITAL 

Is  located  in  a  commodious  and  elegant  four-story 
brick  building  on  Arnold,  between  Eighteenth  and 
Nineteenth  streets. 

MERCY   HOSPITAL 

.Is  located  on  Calumet  Avenue  tetween  Twenty-fifth 
and  Twenty-sixth  streets.  It  is  under  tfce  charge  of 
the  Sisters  of  Mercy. 

ST.  LUKE'S  FREE  HOSPITAL. 

Occupies  a  beautiful  brick  edifice  at  No.  669  State 
street.  It  is  under  the  immediate  auspices  of  the  Pro- 
testant Episcopal  congregations  of  the  city, 

THE  SMALL-POX  HOSPITAL 

Occupies  a  beautiful  and  salubrious  site  on  North 
Avenue  near  the  lake  shore.  It  is  under  the  charge  of 
the  municipal  Board  of  Health. 

HOSPITAL  FOR  WOMEN  AND  CHILDREN 
Is  located  at  No.  94  Rush  street 

PROTESTANT  DEACONESS  HOSPITAL 
Is  located  at  No.  141  North  Dearborn  street. 

ST.  MARY'S  HOSPITAL 

Is  located  at  No.  527  North  Dearborn  street,  conducted 
by  the  Alexum  Brothers,  It  is  free  to  those  who  can 
not  afford  to  pay  for  services. 

UNITED  STATES  MARINE  HOSPITAL. 

Michigan  Avenue  near  Rush  street  Bridge. 

7 


98  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries. 

MEDICAL  AND  ELECTRICAL  INSTITUTE, 

Established  in  1862,  for  the  treatment  and  cure  of 
chronic  diseases,  at  189  Wabash  avenue.  We  have  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  a  place  where  home  comforts  can 
be  enjoyed  by  the  invalid  in  a  house  of  modern  improve- 
ments, in  a  central  locality  on  beautiful  Wabash  avenue. 
Our  table  is  furnished  with  the  best  bread,  meats,  vege- 
tables and  fruits  the  market  aifords.  Patients  advised 
what  course  of  diet  is  best  in  each  individual  case. 

Patients  calling  for  exam  nation  and  prescription  or 
Medical  Electrical  treatment  are  not  generally  detained 
an  hour,  unless  their  case  is  a  critical  one.  There  are 
diseases  that  we  do  not  treat ;  a  letter  of  inquiry  will  be 
promptly  answered  if  a  return  stamp  is  inclosed,  and  if 
your  case  is  one  that  we  do  not  treat,  we  will  direct  you 
to  the  best  physicians  in  our  city,  which  may  save  you 
from  paying  an  exorbitant  fee  in  advance,  and  being 
unmercifully  quacked  by  a  brazen-faced  charlatan. 

We  hold  no  secret  remedies ;  physicians  are  always 
welcome  to  an  examination  of  our  Medical  and  Elec- 
trical means.  No  one  remedy  is  used  to  the  exclusion 
of  all  others.  The  system  of  practice  is  to  meet  the 
exigency  of  the  case  with  an  appropriate  remedy,  which 
science  and  experience  have  furnished  for  the  relief  or 
cure  of  the  suffering  invalid. 

The  Medical  and  Electrical  means  are  very  elaborate 
and  complete.  The  electrical  iron  bath,  as  improved  by 
Mr.  Varley,  of  London,  is  par  excellence  as  a  tonic  in 
general  debility,  and  in  all  cases  where  iron  is  indicated. 
The  Electro-Thermal  Bath  we  AVER  to  be  superior  to 
any  yet  invented  as  to  facility  in  changing  and  directing 
the  currents,  and  is  one  of  the  most  efficacious  baths  in 
use, — its  power  in  removing  colds,  arresting  local  conges- 
tions, equalizing  the  circulation,  tranquilizing  the  nertm» 
system  and  giving  immediate  relief  to  the  mer-wroughtt 
brain,  is  not  surpassed  by  any  other  bath. 

Prominent  among  the  diseases  treated  are  :  Nervous 
Diseases,  Palsy,  Neuralgia,  Rheumatism,  Scrofula, 
General  Debility,  Diseases  of  the  Lungs  and  Heart 
Catarrh  and  Bronchitis,  Liver,  Spleen  and  Kidneys, 
and  Diseases  oi  WOMEN  and  CHILDREN. 


Hospitals  and  Dispensaries.  99 


CHICAGO  HOTEL  FOR  INVALIDS. 

All  that  modern  science  and  art  could  suggest,  has 
been  employed  to  render  this  institution  the  most  per- 
fect of  its  kind  in  the  country.  The  advantages  it 
offers  to  those  needing  medical  services,  are  as  follows  : 

While  it  has  all  the  comforts  and  elegance  of  a  first- 
class  hotel,  yet  it  is  strictly  private  and  free  from  all 
the  disturbances  so  detrimental  to  the  recovery  of 
invalids,  while  stopping  at  public  resorts.  The  rooms 
are  spacious,  neatly  furnished  and  thoroughly  ven- 
tilated. Experienced  nurses  are  in  attendance  day  and 
night.  Each  patient  occupies  a  private  apartment,  and 
is  as  much  isolated,  if  desired,  as  if  the  only  occupant 
of  the  institution.  The  Lying-in  department  is  com- 
plete in  all  its  appointments,  with  competent  female 
nurses.  Charges  reasonable,  giving  persons  of  mod- 
erate means  the  privilege  of  availing  themselves  of  the 
benefits  of  the  institution.  Patients,  if  they  so  desire, 
may  select  their  own  physician.  All  classes  of  diseases 
and  disabilities  will  be  received  that  are  not  conta- 
gious, the  latter  being  strictly  prohibited.  All  com- 
munications must  be  addressed  to  the  surgeon  or  phy- 
sician, 249  and  251  South  Clark  street. 

DISPENSARIES. 

For  affording  gratuitous  medical  treatment  to  out-door 
indigent  patients. 

THE  CHICAGO  CITY  DISPENSARY 

Is  located  on  State  street  two  doors  north  of  Twenty- 
second  street,  and  is  in  immediate  connection  with  the 
Chicago  Medical  College. 

CHARITY  DISPENSARY, 

On  North  Dearborn,  corner  of  Indiana  street.  In  con- 
nection with  Rush  Medical  College.  It  is  open  every 
day  from  3  to  4  P.M.  Patients  are  prescribed  for  free 
of  charge,  and  when  unable  to  visit  the  Dispensary  are 
visited  at  their  homes. 


100  Hospitals  and  Dispensaries. 

HAHNEMANN  COLLEGE   DISPENSARY 

Is  at  No.  168  South  Clark  street.  Open  every  day  for 
the  medical  and  surgical  treatment  of  the  sick  poor. 

THE   CHICAGO  CHARITABLE   EYE   AND  EAR  DISPENSARY 

Is  at  No.  16  East  Pearson  street,  in  the  North  Division 
of  the  city,  and  is  open  every  day  from  2  to  3  P.M.  for 
the  gratuitous  treatment  of  the  sick  poor  who  are 
afflicted  with  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear. 

FREE   HOMCEOPATHIC  DISPENSARY 

Is  at  240  West  Madison  street,  open  from  1  to  2  each 
day,  (Sundays  excepted). 

CHICAGO  EYE  AND  EAR  INFIRMARY,  Reynold's 
Block,  corner  Dearborn  and  Madison  streets,  B.  P. 
Reynolds,  M.  D.,  surgeon  in  charge,  successfully  treats 
all  curable  diseases  of  the  eye  and  ear,  and  skillfully 
performs  every  operation  connected  with  ophthalmic 
and  aural  surgery.  French  artificial  eyes  and  ear 
drums,  etc.,  inserted,  Dr.  Reynolds  has  recently  pub- 
lished the  following  new  works :  "  The  Eye  and  Ear. 
Their  Diseases  and  Means  of  Cure,"  with  twenty  en- 
gravings. Price,  bound  in  cloth,  $2.50.  "Head, 
Throat,  and  Lungs,"  with  ten  engravings.  Bound  in 
cloth,  $1.  "  Discourses  on  Important  Subjects." 
Bound  in  cloth,  $2.  "The  Will  of  Man."  Bound  in 
cloth,  $1.  "  Chicago  Journal  of  Health,"  edited  by  Dr. 
Reynolds.  Published  monthly.  Price,  $1  per  year; 
single  numbers,  10  cents.  Published  by  Western  News 
Company. 


Public  Buildings.  101 


PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

THE  COURT  HOUSE 

Is  a  building  of  stately  proportions,  now  in  course  of 
enlargement,  by  the  addition  of  two  wings  on  the  east 
and  west  sides,  which  will  make  the  building  extend 
clear  from  Clark  to  L'aSalle  streets.  It  is  built  of  lime- 
stone brought  from  Lockport,  New  York,  before  it  was 
discovered  that  the  State  of  Illinois  could  furnish  a 
superior  stone  from  her  own  bosom. 

In  this  building  are  located  the  various  city  and 
county  courts,  the  officers  of  the  municipal  and  county 
governments,  and  the  county  jail.  The  tower,  which  is 
two  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  streets,  is  ap- 
proached by  a  winding  staircase,  and  affords  the  loftiest 
standpoint  from  which  the  visitor  can  obtain  a  magni- 
ficent view  of  the  city  and  lake. 

THE  POST  OFFICE  AND  CUSTOM  HOUSE 

Is  located  on  the  corner  of  Dearborn  and  Monroe  streets. 
This  imposing  structure  is  one  of  the  finest,  as  it  has 
been  one  of  the  most  costly  public  buildings  in  Chicago. 
It  is  built  of  Athens  marble  and  iron,  and  is  perfectly 
fire  proof.  The  Post  Office  department  occupies  the 
entire  of  the  first  floor,  and  part  of  the  basement  and 
second  floor.  The  Custom  House  and  offices  of  Internal 
Revenue,  are  located  on  the  second  floor,  and  the  United 
States  Circuit  and  District  Courts,  and  the  United  States 
Marshall  and  District  Attorney  the  third  floor. 

CHAMBER  OF  COMMERCE— BOARD  OF 
TRADE 

Is  located  on  the  corner  of  Washington  and  LaSalle 
str? ets.  Its  walls  are  built  of  Athens  marble,  and  its 
dimensions  are  93  by  181  feet.  It  is  in  the  modern 
Italian  style  of  architecture,  and  consists  of  a  basement, 
half  beneath  the  street,  and  used  for  business  offices ;  a 


102 


Public  Buildings. 


story  above,  occupied  by  banks,  insurance  and  com- 
mission offices;  and  above  this  the  grand  hall,  where 
the  members  of  the  Board  of  Trade  assemble  daily. 

The  building  is 
surmounted  by  a 
Mansard  roof, 
pierced  with  oval 
windows,  the  cor- 
ners ornamented 
with  urns.  The 
entrance  consists 
of  four  handsome 
Corinthian  col- 
umns, from  which 
I  spring  three  arch- 
supporting  a 
handsome  balco- 
ny, underneath  which  a  broad  flight  of  stairs  leads  to 
the  first  floor.  On  the  whole,  the  structure  has  an  im- 
posing appearance.  The  building  and  the  ground  upon 
which  it  is  situated  cost  $400,000.  The  property  is  in 
the  hands  of  a  joint-stock  company,  and  the  rents 
derived  from  the  various  offices  afford  remunerative 
dividends.  The  completion  of  the  building  was  cele- 
brated by  grand  and  appropriate  festivities,  on  the  30th 
and  31st  of  August,  1865,  which  were  attended  by  dele- 
gations from  all  the  principal  cities  of  the  Unioa  and 
Canadas. 

No  visitor  can  "  do"  Chicago  without  entering  the 
grand  hall  during  'Change  hours,  which  are  from  11 
A.M.  to  1  P.M.  The  balcony  overlooking  the  busy 
scene  in  the  hall  below  is  open  to  strangers,  and  during 
the  busy  periods  of  the  year  presents  a  spectacle  which 
is  well  worth  a  long  journey  to  witness. 

THE  NEW  TRIBUNE  BUILDING 

Is,  in  every  respect,  a  model  of  beauty,  convenience 
and  comfort,  and  an  ornament  to  the  city.  It  is  located 
on  the  corner  of  Madison  and  Dearborn  streets.  It 
fronts  72  feet  on  Dearborn,  by  121  feet  on  Madison 
street,  and  covers  an  area  of  8,712  square  feet.  The 


CHICAGO    TRIBUNE     BUILDING 


Public  Buildings.  103 

building  is  constructed  entirely  of  fire  proof  materials. 
It  is  four  stories  high  above  the  basement,  with  a  com- 
plete altitude  of  70  feet.  The  entire  building  is  heated 
by  steam,  with  radiators  in  every  room.  Ventilating 
flues  near  the  floor  are  also  constructed  in  every  room. 
Especial  pains  have  been  taken  to  make  the  ventilation 
perfect  in  every  respect.  The  style  of  architecture  is 
*'  Roman,"  which  alUws  great  diversity  of  detail  and 
ornamentation.  Both  street  fronts  are  of  Athens  marble, 
from  the  sidewalk  to  the  cornice.  The  cornices  are  of 
galvanized  iron,  artistically  and  elaborately  finished, 
with  pediments,  parapets,  etc.  The  total  cost  of  the 
building  has  been  about  $200,000. 

THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  BANK  BUILDING. 

Among  the  fine  public  buildings  which  have  merits 
sufficient  to  challenge  bold  and  outspoken  criticism, 
this  edifice,  with  Potter  Palmer's  block  across  the  way, 
ranks  first.  The  building  is  75  by  80,  thoroughly  fire- 
proof in  construction,  and  cost  the  sum  of  $180,000. 
Every  thing  about  it  has  been  done  for  permanence, 
and  perhaps,  in  this  respect,  it  represents  the  idea  of 
truth  in  architecture  as  well  as  any  other  building  we 
ha  vein  Chicago.  The  foundations  are  apparent;  broad, 
massive,  significant  of  carrying  power,  while  the  super- 
structure is  equally  as  impressive  of  strength.  There 
is  no  attempt  at  useless  ornamentation  by  way  of  French 
frippery  and  unmeaning  symbols.  The  architect  evi- 
dently had  in  view  the  advantage  to  be  obtained  in  the 
general  effect  by  depth  of  shadow,  which  the  liberal 
policy  pursued  by  the  officers  of  the  First  National  Bank 
allowed  him  to  carry  into  execution  to  his  satisfaction. 
In  the  estimation  of  that  portion  of  the  public  who  look 
at  architecture  from  a  critical  standpoint,  whether  as 
amateurs  or  professionals,  this  building  is  almost  uni- 
versally regarded  as  among  the  finest  and  most  imposing 
in  the  country. 


104 


Public  Buildings. 


MERCHANTS  INSURANCE  COMPANY 
BUILDING. 


Public  Buildings.  105 


THE     MERCHANTS    INSURANCE    COMPANY 
BUILDING. 

One  of  the  most  stately  and  beautiful  edifices  in  the, 
United  States,  is  the  new  building  of  the  Merchants 
Insurance  company  of  Chicago,  on  the  northwest  cor- 
ner of  LaSalle  and  Washington  streets.  It  is  five  stories 
in  height,  and  has  a  frontage  of  ninety-six  and  one- 
third  feet  on  LaSalle  street,  and  a  frontage  of  one  hun- 
dred and  eleven  and  a  half  feet  on  Washington  street. 
Both  the  front  elevations  are  built  of  magnesian  lime- 
stone, from  Athens,  of  which  so  many  of  our  best 
buildings  are  made.  The  total  height  of  the  structure, 
from  the  sidewalk  to  the  cornice,  is  eighty-two  and  a 
half  feet.  The  style  of  the  architecture  is  the  modified 
Italian,  such  variations  having  been  made  as  are  neces- 
sary to  adapt  it  to  the  rigor  of  our  climate.  The 
LaSalle  street  elevation,  fronting  the  court  house,  being 
most  conspicuous,  is  therefore  most  elaborate  in  its 
workmanship  and  ornamentation.  For  the  French 
roof  style  has  been  substituted  a  more  classic,  and  truly 
American  architecture.  The  ornamentation  is,  to  a 
considerable  degree,  original,  the  carved  flowers,  fruits 
and  leaves  being  generally  selected  from  native  Amer- 
ican plants.  The  interior  of  the  first  and  second  stories 
is  wainscotted  with  black  walnut,  in  neat  and  tasteful 
panels,  after  the  French  style.  The  second  story  floor 
is  laid  with  alternate  d'.rk  and  light  colored  marble 
tiles,  and  from  the  centre  of  this  floor  rises  the  stairway 
to  the  several  stories  above.  This  stairway,  with  its 
landings,  occupies  considerable  spnce  in  the  exact 
centre  of  the  building ;  and  on  each  floor,  all  the  rooms 
open  into  the  square  hall  which  encloses  the  stairway. 
Two  large  and  elaborate  entrance*  lead  to  the  mam 
hall  from  LaSalle  street,  and  one  from  Washington 
street.  The  first  and  second  stories  are  finished  in  hard 
wood,  and  all  the  glass  for  the  interior,  as  well  as  the 
exterior  of  these  stories,  is  the  best  French  plate. 

The  black  walnut  railing  and  balustrades  of  the 
stairway  are  particularly  noticeable  for  their  massive- 
ness  and  elegance  of  structure.  The  stairways  rest  on 
iron  carriages. 


106  Banking  in  Chicago. 

The  building  is  heated  throughout  with  steam,  and 
in  its  ventilation,  the  latest  and  most  improved  methods 
have  been  employed.  The  roof  is  of  extra  thickness, 
and  is  constructed  of  Barrill's  composition. 

The  building  cost  about  $300,000. 

THE  DOUGLAS  MONUMENT. 

At  Cottage  Grove,  on  the  lake  shore,  stands  the 
monument  of  Senator  Douglas.  The  grave  and  monu- 
ment maybe  easily  reached  by  the  Cottage  Grove  horse- 
cars.  The  ride  will  occupy  but  a  few  minutes,  and  the 
visitor  will  be  amply  paid  for  his  trouble. 


BANKING  IN  CHICAGO. 

Until  the  passage  of  the  national  banking  act  of  1864 
the  business  of  banking  in  Chicago  was  subject  to 
many  fluctuations  and  serious  derangements.  It  was 
not  until  1864  that  the  era  of  true  banking  began. 
During  that  year  seven  national  banks  were  organized, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  about  $3,006,000.  There 
are  now  thirteen  national  banks  in  this  city,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $7,450,000. 

In  addition  to  the  thirteen  national  banks,  there  are 
in  Chicago  several  private  banking  establishments, 
controlled  by  gentlemen  of  large  capital,  financial  skill, 
and  stainless  integrity.  Among  these  we  may,  without 
invidious  distinction,  enumerate  the  Old  established 
and  prosperous  house  of  Henry  Greenebaum  &  Co.,  W. 
P.  Vandursen  &  Co.,  connected  with  the  well  known 
New  York  house  of  Swann  &  Payson  ;  also  the  firm  of 
Geo.  C.  Smith  &  Brother,  well  and  favorably  known  in 
financial  circles. 

CHICAGO  CLEARING  HOUSE. 

During  the  year  1865  it  was  deemed  necessary  to 
establish  a  clearing  house,  similar  to  that  which  had 
been  found  to  promote  the  convenience  and  safety  of 


Savings  Banks.  107 

banking  in  New  York.  A  charter  was  granted  by 
the  Legislature,  and  the  Chicago  Clearing  House  com- 
menced business  on  the  6th  of  April,  1865.  The  affairs 
of  the  association  have  been  skillfully  and  carefully 
conducted,  and  the  banks  composing  it  have  derived 
great  benefit  therefrom.  The  total  clearings  during  its 
first  year's  operations  amounted  to  $449,710,435;  from 
the  1st  of  January,  1868,  to  the  31st  of  December,  1868, 
it  amounted  to  $718,485,908.39. 


SAVINGS  BANKS. 

The  first  savings  bank  in  the  city  was  established  in 
1857.  These  institutions  have  always  maintained  a 
high  credit  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  "  wild  cat " 
and  war  times,  which  caused  so  many  private  banking 
houses  to  succumb,  and  so  completely  revolutionized  the 
banking  system  of  the  country.  We  give  a  view  of  the 
building  occupied  by  the  Merchants',  Farmers  and 
Mechanics'  Savings  Bank,  No.  13  Clark  street.  This 
institution  was  chartered  in  1861,  and  in  1864  removed 
to  its  present  very  appropriate  and  convenient  edifice. 
The  institution  is  in  a  highly  flourishing  condition, 
and  is  deservedly  popular.  Interest  is  allowed  on  sums 
of  five  dollars  and  upwards,  and  is  paid  semi-annually, 
on  the  first  day  of  January  and  the  first  day  of  July. 
The  system  of  keeping  accounts  and  receiving  and  pay- 
ing money,  and  also  as  to  the  investment  of  the  same, 
is  similar  to  that  so  long  and  so  successfully  pursued 
by  the  best  savings  banks  in  New  York  and  New  Eng- 
land. .A  popular  feature  of  this  bank  is,  that  married 
women  and  minors  are  allowed  to  deposit  funds  in 
their  own  name,  thus  placing  them  beyond  the  reach 
of  husbands,  parents,  or  guardians. 

The  business  of  this  institution  is  confined  exclusively 
to  the  receipt  and  care  of  savings  deposits,  and  funds 
deposited  in  trust.  No  commercial  or  general  banking 
business  is  transacted. 


108  Savings  J3anks. 


MERCHANTS'  FARMERS',  AND  MECHANICS' 
SAVINGS  BANK. 


Insurance  Companies.  109 

A  certain  proportion  of  the  funds  are  invested  by 
loan  upon  real  estate  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  In  mak- 
ing such  loans  preference  is  always  given  to  applica- 
tions from  depositors  of  small  means,  who  have  accum- 
ulated in  the  institution  sufficient  funds  to  pay  for  a  lot 
of  ground,  and  desire  to  borrow  something  more  to  aid 
them  in  erecting  buildings  to  be  used  as  permanent 
homes  for  themselves  and  families. 

THE  HIBERNIAN  BANKING  ASSOCIATION. 

This  popular  institution  is  located  on  the  south-west 
corner  of  Lake  and  Clark  streets.  Its  officers  are  gen- 
tlemen of  large  experience  in  banking,  and  the  direct- 
ors include  some  of  our  most  successful  merchants, 
whose  financial  ability  is  amply  attested  by  the  success 
which  has  attended  them  in  their  own  business.  Be- 
sides the  savings  department,  the  bank  transacts  a  gen- 
eral commercial,  banking  and  foreign  exchange  busi- 
ness. 


INSURANCE  COMPANIES. 

UNTIL  within  the  last  few  years,  the  business  of  In- 
surance in  Chicago  was  mainly  conducted  by  agencies 
representing  companies  outside  this  city  and  State.  In 
1865,  after  the  close  of  the  war,  however,  the  mer- 
chants and  capitalists  of  Chicago  began  to  appreciate 
the  importance  and  magnitude  of  the  field  presented  to 
them  in  this  line,  and  before  the  end  of  that  year  four- 
teen fire  and  marine,  one  life,  and  two  accident  com- 
panies were  organized,  of  which  the  citizens  of  Chi- 
cago were  the  stockholders.  There  are  now  22  Chicago 
companies,  including  16  fire,  5  life,  and  one  life  and 
accident.  There  are  also  in  the  city  40  agents  for  fire 
companies,  GO  life  insurance  companies,  two  live  stock, 
one  railroad  accident,  one  steam  boiler,  and  three  gen- 
eral accident  companies  represented.  Of  the  Chicago 
companies,  one  dates  from  1853,  and  was  reorganized 
in  1864,  four  were  organized  in  1855,  one  in  1859,  one 


110  Insurance  Companies. 

in  1861,  three  in  1863,  four  in  1865,  four  in  1866,  one 
in  1867,  and  three  in  1863.  Their  aggregate  capital  is 
about  eight  million  dollars.  The  rate  of  insurance  on 
fire  now  averages  about  2^  per  cent. 

MERCHANTS      INSURANCE      COMPANY     OP 
CHICAGO. 

The  business  edifice  just  completed  by  this  company 
on  the  corner  of  LaSalle  and  Washington  streets,  is  a 
grand  achievement.  A  description  and  illustration  of 
which  appears  under  the  heading  of  Public  Buildings. 

The  Charter  of  the  Merchants  Insurance  Company 
was  obtained  and  held  by  the  Mercantile  Association 
of  Chicago.  During  the  winter  sessions  of  the  associ- 
ation in  1862-3.  it  was  decided  to  place  the  charter  and 
the  advantages  of  organization  of  an  insurance  com- 
pany before  the  mercantile  interests  of  the  city.  The 
association  held  this  charter  until  the  earlv  spring  of 
1863,  when  Wm.  E.  Doggett,  Wm.  McKindley,  George 
Armour,  John  V.  Farwell,  John  Tyrrell,  Merrill  Ladd, 
and  others  in  the  interest  of  the  association  canvassed 
the  street,  and  the  requisite  amount  of  stock  was  sub- 
scribed without  delay,  and  in  June  1863  the  Merchants 
Insurance  Company  proceeded  to  business,  and  from 
its  inception  to  the  present  time  the  company  has 
grown  in  favor  and  to  its  present  collossal  proportions. 
At  this  early  day  fire  insurance  in  Chicago  was  but  a 
feeble  success.  We  had  but  one  successful  company, 
and  the  undertaking  was  canvassed  at  the  sessions  of 
the  association.  The  trying  days  of  war  naturally 
made  men  of  means  and  influence  timid,  but  the  associ- 
ation disposed  of  the  charter  and  the  company  com- 
menced business  under  the  guidance  and  personal 
supervision  of  Wm.  E.  Rollo,  who,  to  the  present  daj% 
has  led  the  company  from  small  beginnings  to  its 
present  proud  and  prominent  position  among  the  ster- 
ling companies  of  the  country.  The  progress  of  the 
company,  under  his  able  management,  excels  that  of 
any  western,  and  a  large  majority  of  eastern  compa- 
nies. The  Merchants  has  steadily  grown  in  financial 
strength.  The  capital  stock  of  the  company  has  not 


Insurance  Companies.  Ill 

only  increased  by  assessment,  but  largely  by  dividends ; 
and  in  no  instance  has  the  stock  of  the  company  neces- 
sarily been  thrown  upon  the  market  for  sale  at  a  sacri- 
fice to  the  holder.  A  market  has  at  all  times  been 
found,  at  its  full  value,  and  is  now  above  par.  One  of 
the  most  striking  illustrations  of  the  secretary's  far- 
sighted  wisdom  was  the  union  effected,  by  which  the 
capital  and  business  influence  of  the  Packers  and  Pro- 
vision Dealers  Insurance  Company  was  secured  to  the 
interests  of  the  Merchants,  and  still  more  recently  the 
consolidation  of  the  capital  and  risks  of  the  Traders 
Insurance  Company.  Its  present  cash  capital  is  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  surplus  about  a  quarter 
of  a  million  dollars. 

COMMERCIAL  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

We  have  become  so  accustomed  to  look  eastward  for 
successful  and  reliable  insurance  companies,  that  we 
often  overlook  those  at  our  own  doors,  which,  in  all 
the  essentials  of  solvency,  are  the  peers  of  any  in  the 
land.  Among  these  the  Commercial  Insurance  Com- 
pany, of  this  city,  occupies  an  eminent  position,  alike 
for  the  care  with  which  it  is  managed,  and  the  security 
which  it  affords  to  its  insured.  This  company  was 
organized  in  1865  by  some  of  our  most  responsible 
business  men,  and  entered  upon  its  work  at  a  time 
when  there  was  little  in  the  immediate  past  or  future 
of  fire  insurance  to  attract  capital  to  the  venture,  or 
promise  even  ordinary  return  for  the  money  invested. 
But  the  men  who  organized  and  controlled  the  "  Com- 
mercial" were  not  of  ordinary  mould.  They  did  not 
embark  in  the  enterprise  without  careful  study  of  the 
charts  which  experience  had  provided,  and  the  requi- 
site judgment  and  firmness  to  avoid  the  dangers  which 
had  proved  fatal  to  other  voyagers.  As  the  result  of 
their  energy  and  skill  we  have  a  company  possessed 
of  assets  to  the  amount  of  $334,175.59,  of  which  all,  save 
$135,000  of  stock  notes,  amply  guaranteed,  is  in  cash  or 
its  equivalent.  Of  this  amount,  there  is  held  real 
estate  to  the  value,  at  a  moderate  valuation,  of  $140,- 
000,  which  pays  an  annual  rental  of  $17,000,  Upon 


112 


Insurance  Companies. 


160&162WASHINGTON  ST. 

CHICAGO. 


Insurance  Companies.  113 

this  is  erected  the  magnificent  building  of  the  company, 
at  Nos.  160  and  162  Washington  street,  the  solid  mar- 
ble walls  of  which  are  emblematical  of  its  strength,  and 
the  beauty  of  whose  presence,  contrasted  with  the 
unsightliness  of  the  location  a  few  years  ago,  fitly  typi- 
fies the  wonderful  progress  which  the  "  Commercial  " 
has  made  within  that  time. 

Counting  the  value  of  this  real  estate  alone,  and 
excluding  from  the  calculation  all  its  other  assets,  the 
"  Commercial  "  is  possessed  of  a  much  larger  percent-t 
age  of  assets  to  risk  in  force  than  the  average  of  Fire 
Insurance  Companies  reporting  to  the  New  York 
Insurance  Department 

During  the  four  years  of  its  existence  tjjfe  losses  of 
the  "  Commercial  "  (fire  and  marine)  have  been  but  46 
per  cent,  of  its  premium  receipts,  a  ratio  which  is  less 
than  the  average  of  American  companies  for  the  same 
time,  and  is  in  itself  the  best  possible  proof  of  careful 
and  successful  management.  During  the  same  period 
it  has  paid  35  per  cent,  of  dividends  upon  its  capital 
stock,  thus  demonstrating  that  Western  brain  and 
energy  can  make  even  the  unpromising  venture  of  fire 
and  marine  insurance  lucrative  and  safe. 

Of  the  men  into  whose  hands  its  fortunes  have  been 
from  the  first  committed,  the  above  facts  speak  more 
approvingly  than  words.  Mr.  J.  C.  Dore,  the  Presi- 
dent, is  well  and  widely  known  as  a  gentleman  of  cul- 
ture, ability,  and  integrity.  Mr.  Jefferson  Farmer,  the 
Secretary,  is  an  efficient,  skillful,  and  successful  under- 
writer, of  fifteen  years  experience  in  the  business, 
whose  merit  is  acknowledged  wherever  in  the  West 
the  science  of  underwriting  is  known,  and  to  whose 
fidelity,  ability,  and  devotion  is  mainly  due  the  success 
of  the  "  Commercial."  The  Board  of  Directors  com- 
prises some  of  our  best  known  and  most  reliable  citi- 
zens, whose  reputations  have  been  honestly  earned  by 
long  years  of  fair  dealing  and  successful  business  enter- 
prise, and  whose  names  are  a  tower  of  strength  to  any 
institution  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  them. 

Hitherto  the  "  Commercial "  has  done  no  agency 
business.  They  are  now  about  organizing  an  extended 
agency  system,  and  we  are  proud  to  commend  the 
8 


114  Insurance  Companies. 

company  and  its  officers  to  every  community  through- 
out the  West,  as  eminently  worthy  of  confidence,  and 
fully  able  and  willing  to  make  good  all  their  obliga- 
tions. 

CHICAGO  FIREMENS  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

The  removal  of  this  company  from  its  former  loca- 
tion on  Lake  street  to  No.  92  La  Salle  street,  in  the 
north  end  of  the  basement  of  the  Merchants  Insurance 
Company's  building,  furnishes  fit  occasion  for  a  short 
review  of  its  past  record,  and  its  present  claims  upon 
the  confidence  and  patronage  of  the  public. 

That  record,  if  it  is  not  signalized  by  any  great  or 
daring  exploit  on  the  perilous  field  of  fire  underwriting, 
is  unsullied  by  a  single  act  of  unfair  dealing  with  its 
insured,  or  a  single  failure  to  fulfill  its  contracts  to  the 
letter.  Organized  in  1855,  it  has,  for  the  fourteen  years 
of  its  existence,  been  managed  with  peculiar  caution — 
doing  no  agency  business,  and  taking  no  risks  except 
over  its  own  counter,  and  under  the  personal  super- 
vision of  its  own  officers.  During  that  time  it  has  paid 
losses  to  the  amount  of  nearly  $500,000,  and  of  these 
only  one  under  the  compulsion  of  a  legal  judgment 
against  the  company.  In  the  settlement  of  claims,  the 
Chicago  "  Firemens  "  have  been  accustomed  to  regard 
first,  last,  and  always,  the  equities  of  the  case,  exceed- 
ing often  in  their  performances  the  literal  promises  of 
the  contract.  When  the  loss  was  clearly  an  honest 
one,  and  the  claim  just,  prompt  settlement  has  been 
considered  a  duty,  and  the  record  of  losses  paid  shows 
that,  in  such  cases,  the  average  delay  before  payment 
has  not  been  over  thirty  days. 

In  such  a  course  as  this,  as  jealously  guarding  the 
fortunes  of  the  company  as  the  rights  of  the  insured, 
the  Chicago  "Firemens"  has  been  rewarded  with  a 
steady  and  healthful  growth.  Its  present  assets  are 
$320,000,  of  which  $200,000  is  invested  in  United  States 
five  twenty  bonds.  Its  premium  receipts  for  the  year 
1868  were  $100,000,  and  on  these  its  losses  were  forty- 
five  per  cent,  less  than  the  average  losses  of  the  compa- 
nies reporting  to  the  New  York  State  Insurance 


FIRST   NATIONAL    BANK    BUILDING. 


Insurance  Companies.  115 

Department.  This  is  not  because  of  any  rapid  acces- 
sion of  new  business,  the  term  of  insurance  upon  which 
has  but  just  begun ;  for  the  amount  insured  April  1, 
1868  was  increased,  on  April  1, 1869,  by  only  four  per 
cent. 

We  doubt  if  many  companies  can  successfully  com- 
pete with  the  Chicago  "  Firemens "  in  economy  of 
management.  In  1868  its  entire  expenses,  including 
salaries,  commissions,  and  taxes,  were  but  16%  per 
cent,  of  the  premium  receipts,  and  only  15  per  cent,  of 
the  total  income,  and  of  these  expenses  the  commis- 
sions paid  for  business  were  only  G%  per  cent,  of  pre- 
mium receipts,  or  4  per  cent,  of  the  total  income.  It  is 
little  matter  of  surprise  to  learn  that  a  company  so 
managed  has  paid,  since  January  1,  1864,  an  average 
cash  dividend  to  its  stockholders  of  14  per  cent 

Of  its  directors  and  officers  little  need  be  said.  They 
are  all  of  them  gentlemen  well  known  to  our  business 
community,  and  known  only  'to  be  respected  as  capa- 
ble and  honest  men.  Their  capacity  and  integrity 
have  made  the  Chicago  "Firemens"  what  it  is  to-day, 
a  success,  none  the  less  praiseworthy  and  enduring 
because  it  has  been  achieved  in  the  quiet  pursuit  of 
daily  duty,  and  without  boastful  blazonry  of  itself. 

PUTNAM  FIRE  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

"  They  are  not  all  Israel  who  are  of  Israel,"  and  the 
Putnam  Fire  Insurance  Company,  of  Hartford,  have 
not  inherited  the  mad-cap  impetuosity  of  the  redoubt- 
able hero  who,  as  tradition  tells  us,  crawled  out  on  the 
rotten  limb  in  search  of  bird's  eggs,  made  the  desperate 
venture  of  the  wolves'  den,  and  Tater,  rode  down  Horse- 
Neck,  at  the  imminent  risk  of  his  own  neck. 

If,  however,  they  fail  of  his  reckless  daring,  they  are 
the  inheritors  of  his  sterling  integrity,  and  in  their 
career  have  made  a  record  no  less  proud,  although 
more  peaceful,  than  that  of  the  immortal  Israel  himself. 

This  company  was  organized  at  Hartford,  Conn.,  in 
June,  1864,  by  men  who  thoroughly  understood  both 
the  hazards  and  principles  of  fire  underwriting,  Its 
capital  was  $500,000,  ample  enough  to  secure  its 


116  Insurance  Companies. 

patrons  against  prospective  loss,  and  to  assure  them  of 
the  good  faith  and  firm  determination  of  those  who 
essayed  the  venture. 

From  that  time  onward  its  history  has  been  the  his- 
tory of  careful  management  and  scrupulous  integrity, 
devoted  to  the  prosecution  of  a  business  whose  natural 
hazards  were  abnormally  increased  by  the  vicissitudes 
of  the  time,  and  which  demands  for  its  successful  con- 
duct those  qualities  in  the  highest  degree. 

Throughout  the  storm  of  tire  which,  for  the  last  five 
years,  has  beat  upon  all  our  companies  with  unexam- 
pled fury,  those  qualities  in  its  management  have  stood 
the  "Putnam  "in  good  stead,  and  it  is  by  virtue  of 
them  alone  that  the  company  has  endured,  fulfilling 
all  its  contracts,  and  retaining  always  the  explicit  con- 
fidence of  a  public  quick  to  recognize  and  appreciate 
true  merit,  whenever  it  is  found. 

Such  has  been  its  management,  that  to-day  it  pre- 
sents itself  with  an  unimpaired  capital  and  assets  of 
over  $659,000,  and  a  record  on  which  there  is  no  stain 
of  dishonor. 

Forward  to  catch  the  spirit  and  join  the  onward 
movement  of  the  times,  it  has,  for  the  better  accomo- 
dation  of  its  Western  patrons  and  the  greater  security 
of  its  business,  established  a  western  branch  office  in 
this  city,jat  rooms  Nos.  16  and  17  Merchants  Insur- 
ance Company's  building,  corner  of  La  Salle  and 
Washington  streets,  to  which  office,  agents  in  the  States 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Min- 
nesota, Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  and  Ken- 
tucky will  henceforth  make  their  daily  reports  of  risks, 
renewals,  endorsements,  changes,  applications,  sur- 
veys, and  diagrams  of  special  hazards,  letters  of  inquiry 
relative  to  rates  and  practice ;  and  also  their  regular 
reports  and  remittances. 

This  office  is  under  the  management  of  Robert  J. 
Smith,  Esq.,  a  gentleman  well  known  throughout  the 
West  as  an  experienced  underwriter,  and  whose  pre- 
vious success  as  a  general  agent  of  this  company  is  the 
ample  guarantee  of  his  fitness  for  his  new  and  respon- 
sible position.  In  thus  identifying  itself  with  Western 
interests,  and  becoming  one  of  us,  the  "Putnam"  has 


Insurance  Companies.  117 

not  only  exhibited  its  usual  foresight  and  shrewdness, 
but  strengthened  its  already  strong  claims  upon  our 
confidence  and  patronage.  We  are  glad  of  the  occa- 
sion which  this  action  of  the  "  Putnam's  "  gives  us  to 
commend  it  and  its  officers,  as  we  do  without  hesita- 
tion and  reserve,  to  our  insuring  public.  It  may  not 
dazzle,  as  its  namesake  did,  by  deeds  of  splendid  dar- 
ing, but,  like  him,  it  will  be  found  in  ewery  emergency 
"  steadfast  and  true." 

THE  WASHINGTON  LIFE. 

The  Washington  Life  Insurance  Company  of  New- 
York,  and  its  success,  gives  us  the  opportunity  in  this 
connection,  of  placing  the  western  agency  equally 
prominent  with  the  Merchants  and  its  success,  and,  in 
a  measure,  enjoying  with  it  the  most  prominent  busi- 
ness location  in  Chicago  ;  in  fact,  the  Washington  Life 
towers  above  its  lessor.  \Ve  well  remember  Paul  & 
Mason  in  their  little  seven,  by  nine  room,  when  they 
first  accepted  the  agency  of  the  company  in  the  spring 
of  1865.  The  company,  then  in  its  fifth  year,  had  little 
or  no  reputation  outside  of  New  York  city.  The  com- 
pany had  but  2,550  policies  in  force  at  the  end  of  the 
year,  having  written  but  1,106  policies  during  the  year 
1805,  with  assets  of  only  $500,000.  The  Washington 
Life  and  its  management  fully  appreciated  the  demands 
of  the  west,  and  knowing  they  had  in  their  western 
agents  men  of  integrity  and  consummate  business  quali- 
fications, left  nothing  undone  to  aid  them  in  placing 
the  Washington  in  the  front  ranks  of  life  insurance 
companies  in  the  west.  In  the  short  space  of  four 
years  the  Washington  Life  has  become  as  widely 
known  as  the  great  founder  of  our  republic,  and  like 
him,  is  a  general  favorite.  The  Washington  Life,  in 
fact,  is  a  great  public  favorite,  and  its  fame  for  honor- 
able dealing  is  as  vride  spread  as  its  name  is  national. 
Its  business  since  1865,  has  been  a  prosperous  one,  and 
in  no  one  year  do  we  find  so  large  an  increase  as  the 
year  1868.  The  Washington  Life  is  the  only  New  York 
company,  with  one  exception,  that  shows  an  increase  of 
policies  issued,  exceeding  two  thousand  in  number,  and 


118  Insurance  Companies. 

its  losses  and  expenses  compare  very  favorably  with 
any  other  company  of  the  same  age.  In  1868  the  com- 
pany issued  5,089  policies,  insuring  $10,804,570,  having 
m  all  8,885  policies  in  force,  insuring  $20,355,035,  with 
a  capital  and  accumulations  at  this  date,  of  nearly 
$2,000,000;  thus,  within  four  years  after  its  president, 
Cyrus  Curtiss,  with  his  usual  sagacity,  saw  in  the  west 
the  elements  o£  greatness,  the  Washington  Life  stands 
a  proud  monument  of  his  skill  and  shrewd  foresight  in 
placing  his  company's  interests  and  destiny  in  the 
hands  of  agents  of  sterling  worth  and  progressive 
activity.  It  is  the  progressive  activity  of  Paul  & 
Mason  that  enables  the  Merchants  Insurance  Company 
to  have  for  its  permanent  lessee  the  Washington  Life 
Insurance  Company,  whose  business  has  compelled  its 
agents  to  seek  their  new  and  commodious  quarters. 
The  growing  business  of  the  company  in  Chicago  and 
the  west  has  demanded  for  a  year  past  enlarged  facil- 
ities in  the  centre  of  business,  and  not  until  the  plans 
of  the  Merchants  building  were  made  and  decided  upon 
did  the  agents  of  the  Washington  know  where  they 
could  secure  the  proper  location  with  the  necessary 
facilities  for  conducting  their  rapidly  growing  business. 
In  the  occupancy  of  that  portion  of  the  Merchants 
building,  on  the  floor  immediately  above  the  office  of 
the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company,  the  most 
ample  accommodations  are  secured,  fronting  on  LaSalle 
as  well  as  Washington  street.  The  Washington  Life 
is  not  only  a  great  public  favorite,  but  its  western 
agency  is  making  it  a  great  public  benefactor,  and  in 
its  new  and  commodious  quarters  fitted  up  in  a  most 
elaborate  style,  makes  it  a  great  public  convenience  for 
business,  which,  with  its  superior  inducements,  will 
necessarily  add  to  its  already  large  and  rapidly  increas- 
ing income. 

THE  NEW  PHCENIX  BUILDING. 

Among  the  many  business  edifices  that  adorn  our 
city  the  new  Phoenix  Insurance  Building,  90  La  Salle 
street,  holds  a  distinguished  place.  The  structure 
stands  four  feet  high,  exclusive  of  basement,  and  has  a 


Insurance  Companies.  119 

front  of  white  marble,  which  presents  an  aspect  at  once 
chaste  and  magnificent.  The  emblematic  bird,  in 
golden  glory,  surmounts  the  roof,  and  his  extended 
wings  seem  spread  invitingly  to  welcome  property 
owners  beneath  their  protection. 

The  office  of  the  Company,  situated  on  the  first  floor, 
is  a  marvel  of  elegance  and  comfort.  The  furniture, 
which  is  of  the  finest  quality  of  black  walnut,  inlaid 
and  panelled  with  French  walnut  of  the  best  texture 
and  polish,  is  beautiful  in  design  and  workmanship. 
Each  of  the  desks  is  surmounted  by  a  golden  phoenix, 
and  graven  with  the  company  monogram,  which  is 
also  exquisitely  painted  on  the  windows  of  the  office. 

The  Phoenix  Insurance  Company,  of  Hartford,  is 
long  and  popularly  known,  and  its  business  reputation 
is  so  thoroughly  established,  that  there  is  no  necessity 
for  extravagant  encomiums.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  in 
its  dealings  with  the  insured  it  has  ever  been  just  and 
liberal.  The  Phoenix  was  organized  in  1854,  with  a 
cash  capital  of  $200,000,  and  its  assets  now  amount  to  - 
more  than  a  million  and  a  half  of  dollars,  of  which 
above  $250,000  is  net  surplus,  and  its  stock  sells  at  a 
higher  premium  than  that  of  any  of  the  other  fire 
insurance  companies  of  Hartford.  Considering  the 
financial  standing  and  splendid  record  of  the  Phoenix, 
we  may  justly  class  it  among  the  most  successful  busi- 
ness enterprises  of  the  United  States. 

It  is  ably  represented  here  by  Henry  H.  Brown,  Esq., 
who  is  also  the  representative  of  several  other  large 
companies.  To  the  great  success  of  the  Phoenix  the 
Chicago  agency  has  contributed  in  no  small  degree ; 
and  to  those  who  are  desirous  of  being  insured  (and 
what  owner  of  property  is  not  ?)  no  fairer  or  more  reli- 
able inducements  can  elsewhere  be  given. 

THE  HOME  INSURANCE  COMPANY  OF   CHI- 
CAGO. 

This  company  commenced  business  in  February  of 
last  year.  Among  its  officers,  directors,  and  stock- 
holders we  recognize  the  names  of  many  of  the  "  oldest 
inhabitants,"  whose  reputation  for  strict  integrity  and 


120  Insurance  Companies. 

honorable  dealing,  acquired  from  many  years  of  suc- 
cessful individual  enterprise,  was  sufficient  to  make  it 
a  matter  of  certainty,  that  the  company  would  soon 
gain  the  confidence  of  the  public,  and  that  its  real 
worth  would  meet  with  the  abundant  success  which  it 
merited. 

Skill  and  prudence  in  the  management  of  the  com- 
pany's affairs  were  guaranteed  by  the  appointment  of 
its  experienced  secretary,  Mr.  Thomas  Buckley.  The 
capital  of  the  company  is  $200,000,  and  the  net  profits 
for  the  eleven  months  of  last  year  amounted  to 
$22,732.27,  making  the  assets  of  the  company  January 
1st,  1869,  $222,731.37.  These  assets  are  in  cash,  gov- 
ernment bonds,  and  bonds  and  mortgages  on  choice 
real  estate.  The  business  of  the  company  during  the 
six  months  of  this  year  exhibits  a  large  increase,  and 
the  excellent  standing  and  gratifying  progress  which 
the  company  has  achieved  entitle  it  to  the  enviable 
position  which  it  has  taken,  as  one  of  Chicago's  favo- 
rite companies;  and  such  is  its  merit  and  stability, 
that  a  policy  in  the  "  Home  of  Chicago  "  is  consid- 
ered "  as  good  as  the  gold." 

THE  REPUBLIC  INSURANCE  COMPANY. 

"  Facts  are  stubborn  things."  They  will  neither  be 
reasoned  nor  ridiculed  down.  Rhetoric  can  not  master 
them,  nor  speculation  prevail  against  them.  The  suc- 
cess of  the  Republic  Insurance  Company,  of  this  city, 
is  an  established  fact;  its  assets  of  $1,293,018.49,  of 
which  $1,029,455  is  in  United  States  bonds,  are  facts, 
and,  if  we  may  judge  by  the  amount  of  painful  effort 
and  shameless  misrepresentation  employed  to  over- 
come them,  ugly  facts  for  those  who,  at  the  organiza- 
tion of  this  company,  filled  the  land  with  their  prophe- 
cies of  failure,  and  have  since  busied  themselves  to 
secure  the  fulfillment  of  those  prophecies. 

The  logic  of  those  who  attempt  to  reason  down  the 
"Republic"  is  equally  at  fault.  Thus  we  have  one 
insurance  journal,  itself  a  thing  of  yesterday,  assuming 
to  sit  in  judgment  upon  the  monthly  statements  of 
this  company,  and  gravely  reasoning  that  these  can  not 
be  true,  because  they  show  a  greater  monthly  gain  of 


Insurance  Companies.  121 

surplus  than  the  entire  net  monthly  premium  receipts  ! 
Did  not  the  young  Daniel,  who  thus  comes  to  judg- 
ment, know  that  the  gain  of  the  "  Republic "  for  the 
past  month,  in  the  single  item  of  appreciation  of  bonds, 
was  no  less  than  $33,050 — that,  during  the  same  period, 
$106,200  of  its  capital  stock  was  taken  and  paid  for  at 
$25  per  share  of  $100,  $5  per  share  of  which  was  pre- 
mium ?  These  two  sources  alone  give  a  total  gain  of 
$38,360  for  the  month.  If  he  did  not  know  these  facts 
his  ignorance  abundantly  qualifies  him  to  keep  silence. 
If  he  knew  them,  and  found  it  necessary,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  his  argument,  to  ignore  them,  the  readiness 
with  which  he  did  so  abundantly  testifies  to  the  char- 
acter of  his  motive. 

Such  unavailing  attempts  to  decry  the  Republic  In- 
surance Company  only  serve  to  bring  out  in  bold  relief 
the  strength  of  its  position,  and  the  weakness  of  its 
adversaries. 

The  fact  is,  that  no  Insurance  Company  in  the  United 
States  is  more  cautiously  and  ably  managed.  In  none 
is  the  entire  procedure  of  the  officers  subjected  to  a 
scrutiny  more  constant,  more  competent  or  more  alert. 
None  gives  its  affairs  such  wide  publicity,  or  tests  its 
financial  standing  by  so  frequent  balance  sheets.  Be- 
cause it  has  dared  to  hold  itself  aloof  from  all  combina- 
tions, and  been  self-reliant  enough  to  manage  its  own 
affairs,  this  outcry  has  been  raised  and  this  warfare 
begun.  How  insane  are  the  bellowings,  and  how 
treacherous  the  weapons  we  have  shown.  One  New 
York  insurance  journal  even  went  so  far  as  deliberately 
to  falsify,  in  its  published  tabular  synopsis  of  the  returns 
to  the  New  York  Insurance  Department,  the  facts  in 
the  case  of  the  "  Republic."  That  return,  as  it  appears 
on  the  records  of  the  New  York  Department,  is  a 
truthful  exhibit  of  the  then  condition  of  the  Republic 
Insurance  Co.,  and  shows  it  in  the  essential  matters  of 
ratio  of  assets  to  liabilities,  ratio  per  cent,  of  premiums 
received  to  amount  of  risk,  and  soundness  and  availa- 
bility of  assets,  to  compare  favorably  with  the  best  and 
proudest  companies  in  the  land.  Such  being  the  case, 
we  think  its  enemies  can  hardly  afford  to  continue 
their  attacks,  and  we  know  that  the  "Republic"  can 
afford  to  await  the  arbitration  of  all-testing  Time. 


122  Places  of  Amusement. 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 

THE  OPERA  HOUSE. 

Crosby's  Opera  House 
on  Washington,  be- 
tween Dearborn  and 
Clark  streets,  is  one  of 
the  chief  attractions  of 
the  city.  As  a  build- 
ing, it  ranks  among  the 
most  elegant  edifices 
which  adorn  the  city. 
As  an  Opera  House,  in 
point  of  size,  beauty  of 
design,  and  costly  arch- 
itectural decorations,  as 
well  as  for  the  perfec- 
tion of  its  interior  arrangements,  it  excels  any  thing  of 
the  kind  ever  established  in  this  country,  and  almost 
equals  any  in  Europe.  The  entire  cost  of  this  grand 
edifice  was  $450,000.  The  grand  audience  room  is 
divided  into  five  separate  parts.  On  the  lower  floor, 
first,  the  orchestra  circle,  which  is  entered  from  the 
parquette ;  next,  the  parquette,  which  extends  nearly 
to  the  first  tier  of  galleries ;  and  the  parquette  circle, 
embracing  the  remaining  space  on  either  side  and 
fronting  the  stage.  A  passage  runs  around  the  back  of 
this,  and  on  either  side  a  broad,  elegant  staircase  leads 
up  to  the  dress  circle  or  first  gallery.  Last  of  all,  there 
is  the  second  circle,  the  front  of  which  is  set  apart  as 
the  family  circle.  A  single  tier  of  three  elegant  prosce- 
nium boxes  on  each  side  of  the  stage,  decorated  in  a 
most  superb  and  gorgeous  style,  overlooks  the  audi- 
torium. 

The  Opera  House  has  a  front  of  one  hundred  and 
forty  feet  on  Washington  street,  between  State  and 
Dearborn,  and  its  depth,  from  the  front  to  Court  place, 
in  the  rear,  is  one  hundred  and  seventy-nine  f£et.  It  is 
four  stories  high,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  large  mansard 


Places  of  Amusement.  123 

roof,  with  elaborate  dormer  windows.  The  general 
style  of  the  structure  is  decidedly  of  a  modern  type  of 
architecture,  highly  ornate  and  graceful  at  first  sight, 
but,  like  most  buildings  of  the  present  age,  lacking  in 
that  massive  grandeur,  that  classic  simplicity  and  repose 
which  best  satisfies  the  imagination.  It  does  not  belong 
to  any  particular  school,  but  may  be  characterized  as 
a  combination  of  various  styles.  If  any  thing,  it  has, 
perhaps,  a  touch  of  the  Corinthian.  The  fafade  on 
Washington  street  is  Athens  marble,  elaborately  cut  in 
tasteful  architectural  designs.  The  first  or  ground 
floor,  is  divided  into  four  stores — two  on  each  side  of 
the  broad  central  entrance  to  the  auditorum  of  the 
Opera  House,  which  rises  from  the  second  story.  Three 
of  these  are  devoted  to  the  sale  of  music  and  musical 
instruments,  while  the  other  is  occupied  by  a  magnifi- 
cent restaurant,  under  the  direction  of  Wright,  the 
Delmonico  of  Chicago.  Here  assemble  the  wealth, 
beauty  and  aristocracy  of  the  city.  The  upper  part  of 
the  building  is  divided  into  a  front  part,  seventy  feet  in 
depth ;  an  intermediate  passage,  seventeen  feet  wide  ; 
and  the  Opera  House  proper,  which  occupies  the  entire 
rear  portion  of  the  premises,  eighty-six  feet  wide,  one 
hundred  and  fifty  feet  in  length,  and  sixty  feet  high 
from  the  parquette  floor  to  the  ceiling.  The  front  part 
of  the  building  on  Washington  street  contains  a  num- 
ber of  offices  and  studios;  the  latter  of  which  are 
occupied  by  several  of  the  most  distinguished  artists 
in  the  city.  For  their  convenience  there  is  also 
arranged  on  the  same  floor  a  spacious  picture  gallery, 
lighted  from  the  roof,  twenty-eight  feet  long  by  fifty- 
six  feet  wide,  and  eighteen  feet  in  height,  where  at  all 
times  may  be  viewed  a  choice  collection  of  paintings 
by  the  most  eminent  of  foreign  and  home  artists. 

Chicago  owes  this  stately  pleasure  house  to  the 
public-spirited  liberality  and  enterprise  of  Mr.  U.  H. 
Crosby,  who  sacrificed  a  princely  fortune  in  its  erection. 
The  building  was  completed  in  the  spring  of  1865,  and 
the  inauguration  season  of  opera  commenced  on  the 
night  of  Thursday,  May  20,  of  the  same  year,  when  the 
Opera  House,  opened  for  the  first  time  to  the  public, 


124  Places  of  Amusem  ent. 


McVICKER'S  THEATRE. 


Places  of  Amusement.  125 

was  filled  by  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  fashionable 
audiences  ever  assembled  on  the  continent. 

It  is  now  under  the  management  of  C.  D.  Hess,  and 
is  one  of  our  most  popular  and  elegant  places  of  amuse- 
ment. 

McVICKER'S  THEATRE 

Is  one  of  the  finest  structures  of  the  kind  in  the 
country.  It  is  situated  on  Madison  street,  between 
State  and  Dearborn  streets.  Its  cost  was  over  $75,000 ; 
and  will  accommodate  about  2,000  people.  The  exter- 
ior, of  which  an  engraving  is  presented  on  another 
page,  presents  a  handsome  front  on  Madison  street. 
The  interior  arrangements  are  most  complete  and 
admirable  The  seats  are  handsomely  furnished,  easy, 
and  comfortable,  affording  an  excellent  view  of  the 
stage  from  all  parts  of  the  house.  The  stage  is  of  an 
immense  size,  allowing  the  production  of  the  spectac- 
ular drama  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  and  magnficence 
that  can  no  where  be  excelled.  The  dramatic  enter- 
tainments at  this  theatre  are  always  of  a  high  order  of 
merit.  Strangers  can  always  secure  reserved  seats  at 
the  office  of  any  of  the  principal  hotels. 

COL.  WOOD'S  MUSEUM 

Is  on  Randolph  street,  between  Clark  and  Dearborn 
streets.  It  is  a  handsome  marble  front,  four-story 
building.  It  is  divided  into  several  large  halls,  on  the 
second,  third,  and  fourth  floors,  which  are  entered  by  a 
spacious  stair-case,  ascending  directly  from  the  street. 
The  museum  is  filled  with  an  immense  number  of  curi- 
osities of  every  description  ;  galleries  containing  paint- 
ings, statuary,  and  works  of  art ;  an  extensive  ornitho- 
logical collection — one  of  the  most  valuable  in  the 
United  States ;  a  cabinet  of  minerals  and  shells ;  be- 
sides numerous  other  objects  of  interest  and  wonder. 
The  specimens  of  birds  and  quadrupeds,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  natural  history,  for  variety,  beauty,  and  faith- 
fulness to  nature,  challenge  comparison  with  any  other 
in  the  world. 


126 


Places  of  Amusement. 


itlll  I  U  II 


Places  of  Amusement.  127 

In  connection  with  the  Museum  is  the  lecture  room, 
where  dramatic  performances  every  night,  and  mati- 
nees in  the  afternoon,  are  given  by  an  excellent  stock 
company.  These  performances  are  most  enjoyable  and 
entertaining. 

AIKEN'S  DEARBORN  THEATRE. 

This  theatre  was  built  in  the  latter  part  of  1868,  by 
Mr.  D.  R.  Brant,  on  the  lots  Nos.  Ill  and  113  Dearborn 
street.  It  presents  a  handsome  front,  fifty  feet  wide  ; 
is  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  deep,  and  four  stories 
high.  The  auditorium  commences  twenty  feet  back 
from  the  street,  is  divided  into  parquette,  dress  and 
second  circles,  and  will  comfortably  accommodate  fif- 
teen hundred  peisons.  The  seats  are  models  of  ease 
and  comfort,  being  similar  to  the  new  style  first  intro- 
duced into  Booth's  great  theatre  in  New  York.  This 
theater  was  opened  in  December  last  by  a  company 
from  the  East,  who  were  not  successful  in  their  man- 
agement. In  January  last  Mr.  Frank  E.  Aiken  be- 
came lessee;  and  under  his  able  and  experienced 
direction  it  has  become  deservedly  popular,  and  ranks 
as  one  of  the  most  entertaining  and  successful,  as  it  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  places  of  amusement  in  the 
United  States. 

THE  GERMAN  THEATRE, 

On  N.  Wells  street,  corner  of  Indiana,  is  a  favorite 
resort  for  the  sons  of  Fatherland,  the  performances 
being  given  in  German. 

TURNER  HALL  (North  Side), 

On  North  Clark  street,  near  Chicago  avenue,  is  a 
favorite  place  of  amusement.  Orchestral  entertain- 
ments of  a  high  order  of  excellence  are  given  regularly 
on  Sunday  evenings. 

TURNER  HALL  (West  Side), 

On  West  Twelfth  street,  near  Halsted,  is  a  popular 
place  of  entertainment  for  the  Germans  in  the  West 
Division. 


128   Police,  Fire,  and  Health  Departments. 


POLICE,  FIRE  AND  HEALTH  DE- 
PARTMENTS. 

These  three  important  departments  of  the  city  gov- 
ernment are  vested  in  a  board  of  commissioners  called 
the  Board  of  Fire  and  Police  Commissioners,  who  are 
ex-offleio  a  Board  of  Health.  Their  offices  are  on  Madison 
between  Clark  and  La  Salle  streets. 

THE  FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 

Chicago  possesses  one  of  the  most  effective  fire  depart- 
ments in  the  world.  It  is  an  exclusively  paid  depart- 
ment, composed  of  men  who  are  required  to  pass 
through  a  most  rigid  examination,  as  to  health,  robust- 
ness, and  temperate  habits  before  they  can  be  admitted 
members  of  the  force. 

FIRE  AND  POLICE  TELEGRAPH. 

An  important  and  valuable  adjunct  of  the  Fire  and 
Police  Departments,  is  the  Fire  and  Police  Telegraph, 
erected  in  1864.  Wires  from  all  parts  of  the  city,  in 
every  ward,  and  in  almost  every  blrck,  connect  with 
the  main  office  in  the  dome  of  the  Court  House.  By  a 
single  turn  of  the  crank  in  one  of  the  boxes,  conspicu- 
ously located  on  nearly  every  corner  in  the  city,  the 
intelligence  of  fire,  at  or  near  that  particular  box,  or 
station,  is  instantly  communicated  to  the  office  in  the 
Court  House  dome,  from  whence  the  alarm  is  sounded 
by  electric  apparatus  in  every  engine  house  in  the 
city.  Simultaneously,  the  number  of  the  station  is 
struck  by  the  large  bell  in  the  Court  House  tower,  so 
that  the  same  instant  that  a  fire  is  discovered,  the 
intelligence  of  its  outbreak  and  location  is  communi- 
cated to  the  most  remote  parts  of  the  city.  In  the  same 
manner  the  police  are  informed  of  a  riot,  accident,  or 
any  other  exigency  requiring  their  attention,  or  the 
concentration  of  their  available  force. 


Masons  and  Odd  Fellows*  129 


MASONIC  GUIDE. 

CITY  LODGES. 
Lodge*.  Meetings,  Halls, 

Oriental No.    83. .Friday Oriental. 

Garden  City "   14'1  ..Wednesday " 

Wabansia "   ISO. .Monday " 

Gerrnanta    "   182..  1st  and  3rd  Thursdays  .Masonic  Temple. 

Win.  B.  Warren   "   209.. 2nd  and  4th  Saturdays. Oriental. 

Cleveland "   211.  .1st  and  3rd  Thursdays  .82  W.  Randolphs*. 

Blaney   "   271.. Wednesday Blaney  Hall. 

Accordia "   277.  .2nd  and  4th  Fridays  ..  .Lake,  S.E.  c.  Clark. 

Ashlar "   SOS. .Tuesday Blair  Hall. 

Dearborn "   810.  .2nd  and  4th  Fridays  ..  .McVicker's  Theatre. 

Kilwinning "  811..  1st  and  3rd  Thursdays  .N.     Dearborn,    aear 

Kinxie. 

Blair "  393.. Thursday McVicker's  Theatre. 

Thos.  J.  Tura«r.  ««   409..         "          Blaney  Hall. 

Myrethra "  410..  1st  and  3rd  Mondays..  .N.  Wells,  c.  Indian*. 

Hesperia "  411..  Wednesday Cleveland  Lodge. 

Hyde  Park "   422. .1st  and  3rd  Saturdays.  .Cleaver's  Hall. 

Chicago "  437..  1st  and  3rd  Tuesdays  ..Oriental  Building. 

H.  W.  Bigelow..  "   438. .Monday Masonic  Temple. 

Home "   60S. .Friday Cottage  Grove,  cor. 

23rd  st. 

Pleaides «•  478. .Thursday 147  W.  12th  st. 

Covenant "  526..  1st  and  3rd  Fridays  .  ...66  N.  Clark  st. 

Masonic  Temple,  83  and  85  Dearborn  street ;  Oriental 
building,  122  LaSalle  street;  Blaney  Hall,  53  Dearborn 
street,  Blair  Hall,  over  McVicker's  Theatre. 

ODD-FELLOWS  DIRECTORY. 

Union  Lodge,  48  Clark  street,  Thursday. 

Duane,  48  Clark  street,  Tuesday. 

Excelsior,  Washington  st.,  S.E.  cor.  Dearborn,  "Wednes- 
day. 

Chicago,  48  Clark  street,  Monday. 

Robert  Blum  (German),  114  Randolph  st.,  Tuesday. 

Fort  Dearborn,  80  W.  Randolph  street,  Tuesday. 

Harmonia,  Clinton  St.,  N.E:  cor.  W.  Randolph. 

Goethe,  334  Milwaukee  av.,  Thursday. 

Hoffnung,  S.  Canal,  nr  Mitchell,  Wednesday. 

North  Chicago,  N.  Wells,  cor.  Indiana  st.,  Thursday. 

Chicago  Encampment  No.  10,  48  Clark  street,  1st  and 
3rd  Friday. 

German ia  Encampment  No.  40  (German),  114  Randolph 
St.,  2nd  and  4th  Fridays. 
9 


130  Railroad  Depo  is. 


MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN  R.  R.  DEPOT. 


City  Raihcay  and  Omnibus  Routes.     131 


RAILROAD  DEPOTS. 

The  MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN,  and  CHICAGO,  ROCK  ISLAND 
AND  PACIFIC  trains  start  from  the  same  depot  on  Van 
Buren,  opposite  LaSalle  street. 

CHICAGO  AND  NORTHWESTERN  RAILWAY,  Galena 
Division.  Depot  is  on  North  Wells,  corner  of  North 
Water  street. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL,  MICHIGAN  CENTRAL,  and  CHICAGO, 
BURLINGTON  AND  QUINCY  trains  all  leave  from  the  Cen- 
tral Illinois  depot  at  the  foot  of  Lake  street. 

PITTSBURG,  FORT  WAYNE  AND  CHICAGO,  and  CHICAGO, 
ALTON  AND  ST.  Louis  trains  leave  the  Union  depot, 
Canal  street,  opposite  West  Monroe  street. 

COLUMBUS,  CHICAGO  AND  INDIANA  CENTRAL  RAIL- 
ROAD. THE  CHICAGO  and  MILWAUKEE  trains  leave 
from  the  depot,  North  Canal  street,  corner  West  Kinzie 
street. 


CHICAGO  THEATRES. 

Crosby's  Opera  House Washington,  near  State. 

Dearborn  Theatre Ill  and  113  Dearborn. 

German  Summer  Theatre.  .263  N.  Clark,  cor.  Chestnut. 

German  Theatre N.  Wells,  cor.  Indiana. 

McVicker's  Theatre. .  .Madison,  bet.  State  &  Dearborn. 

Turner  Hall cor.  Milwaukee  ave.,  near  Carpenter. 

Turner  Hall cor.  N.  Clark  and  Chestnut. 

Turner  Hall W.  Twelfth,  near  Halsted. 

Wood's  Museum.  ..Randolph,  bet.  Clark  and  Dearborn. 


CITY  RAILWAY  AND  OMNIBUS  ROUTES. 

Cars  leave  corner  of  State  and  Randolph  streets 
every  few  minutes  via  State  street  to  Cottage  Grove, 
Indiana  avenue,  and  Southern  city  limits.  Also,  by 


132  Hacks  and  Carriages. 

State  street  and  Archer  avenue  to  Bridgeport,  and 
during  this  summer  will  be  extended  to  Brighton. 

Cars  also  leave  same  place  every  few  minutes  via 
Madison  street  to  Western  city  limits,  and  via  Madison 
and  Halsted  streets,  southwestwardly,  along  Blue 
Island  avenue  to  Mitchel  street. 

Cars  also  leave  same  place  every  few  minutes  via 
Randolph  street  to  Union  Park  and  Western  city 
limits,  and  via  Halsted  street,  northwestwardly,  along 
Milwaukee  avenue  to  city  limits. 

North  Chicago  Horse  Railway  Cars,  leave  Lake 
street  for  city  limits,  every  13  minutes;  for  Sedgwick 
street,  every  13  minutes;  for  Clybourn  avenue  and 
Larrabee  street,  every  13  minutes ;  for  Graceland, 
without  change  of  car,  every  hour  and  50  minutes. 
Cars  leave  city  limits  for  Lake  street  every  13  minutes; 
leave  corner  Larrabee  and  Centre  for  same,  every  13 
minutes;  leave  corner  North  avenue  and  Sedgwick 
street  for  same,  every  39  minutes  ;  leave  Graceland  for 
Lake  street  every  hour. 

OMNIBUSES. 

Run  to  and  from  all  the  principal  hotels  and  rail- 
road depots  on  the  arrival  and  departure  of  all  trains. 
A  line  of  omnibuses  has  also  been  recently  started 
from  Lake  street  via  Madison  and  Halsted  streets,  to 
the  lumber  region  in  the  southwest  division  of  the  city ; 
another  line  runs  along  Wabash  avenue  to  the  city 
limits,  and  another  from  same  street,  along  Milwaukee 
avenue,  to  northwestern  city  limits. 

HACKS  AND  CARRIAGES. 

The  Hack  stand  is  on  Court  House  Square.  Hack- 
men  are  not  allowed  to  charge  any  more  than  the  fol- 
lowing rates.  When  they  charge  more  than  these 
rates,  they  can  not  collect  any  thing  for  their  services : 

For  conveying  each  passenger  from  one  railroad 
depot  to  another  railroad  depot,  fifty  cents ;  for  con- 
veying each  passenger  not  exceeding  one  mile,  fifty 
cents ;  for  conveying  a  passenger  any  distance  over  one 
mile,  and  not  less  than  two  miles,  one  dollar ;  for  each 


Hacks  and  Carriages.  ]  33 

additional  passenger,  of  the  same  party  or  family,  fifty 
cents;  for  conveying  a  passenger  in  said  city  any  dis- 
tance exceeding  two  miles,  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents ; 
for  each  additional  passenger  of  the  same  family  or 
party,  fifty  cents  ;  for  conveying  children  between  five 
and  fourteen  years  of  age,  half  of  the  above  prices  may 
be  charged  for  like  distances ;  but  for  children  under 
five  years  of  age  no  charge  shall  be  made ;  Provided, 
that  the  distance  from  any  railroad  depot,  steamboat 
landing  or  hotel,  to  any  other  railroad  depot,  steam- 
boat landing  or  hotel,  shall,  in  all  cases,  be  estimated 
as  not  exceeding  one  mile ;  for  the  use,  by  the  day,  of 
any  hackney  coach  or  other  vehicle,  drawn  by  two 
horses,  or  other  animals,  with  one  or  more  passengers, 
eight  dollars  per  day ;  for  the  use  of  any  such  carriage 
or  vehicle  by  the  hour,  with  one  or  more  passengers, 
with  the  privilege  of  going  from  place  to  place,  and 
stopping  as  often  as  may  be  required,  as  follows  :  for 
the  first  hour,  two  dollars ;  for  each  additional  hour,  or 
part  of  an  hour,  one  dollar ;  for  conveying  one  or  more 
passengers  to  or  from  any  place  in  said  city,  between 
the  hours  of  twelve  o'clock,  midnight,  and  seven 
o'clock  A.  M.,  for  each  trip,  without  regard  to  distance, 
or  .number  of  passengers,  two  dollars ;  for  the  use  of 
any  cab  or  vehicle  drawn  by  one  horse,  or  other  ani- 
mal, by  the  hour,  with  the  privilege  of  going  from 
place  to  place,  with  one  or  more  passengers,  and  stop- 
ping when  required  :  for  the  first  hour,  one  dollar  ;  for 
each  additional  hour,  or  part  of  an  hour,  fifty  cents ; 
for  the  use  of  any  such  carriage,  by  the  day,  four  dol- 
lars. Every  passenger  shall  be  allowed  to  have  con- 
veyed on  such  vehicle,  without  charge,  his  ordinary 
traveling  baggage,  not  exceeding,  in  any  case,  one 
trunk  and  twenty-five  pounds  of  other  baggage.  For 
every  additional  package,  when  the  whole  weight  of 
baggage  is  over  one  hundred  pounds,  if  conveyed  to 
any  place  within  the  city  limits,  the  owner  or  driver 
may  be  permitted  to  charge  fifteen  cents. 


134  Chicago  Hotels. 


CEMETERIES. 

The  principal  Cemeteries,  for  beauty  of  decoration 
and  extent  of  ground,  are  Graceland,  Calvary  and  Rose 
Hill.  The  following  is  the  location  of  all  the  Cemete- 
ries belonging  to  Chicago,  with  their  offices,  where 
visitors  must  procure  tickets  of  admission: 

GRACELAND  —  Two  miles  north  of  the  city,  on  Green 
Bay  road.  Office,  89  Clark  street. 

ROSE  HILL  —  Seven  miles  north  of  the  city,  on  the 
Milwaukee  railway.  Office,  151  Lake  street. 

CALVARY  —  (Catholic)  —  Ten  miles  north  of  the  city, 
on  the  Milwaukee  railway.  Office,  15  Madison  street. 

GERMAN  CATHOLIC  —  Three  miles  from  city  limits, 
on  Green  Bay  road. 

GERMAN  LUTHERAN  —  South  of  Graceland. 

CITY  —  On  Green  Bay  road.  Office,  2  Court  House. 
There  are  four  Hebrew  Cemeteries,  all  on  Green  Bay 
road,  from  one  to  two  miles  north  of  city  limits. 

OAKWOOD —  On  the  Illinois  Central  railroad,  eight 
miles  from  the  city.  Office,  33  LaSalle  street. 


CHICAGO  HOTELS. 

Adams  House, Lake,  cor.  Michigan  Ave- 

Briggs  House, Randolph,  cor.  Wells- 

Central  House 180  and  182  Randolph- 

City  Hotel Lake,  S.  E.  cor.  State- 

Everett  House cor.  Clark  and  Van  Buren- 

Garden  City  House cor.  Madison  and  Market- 

Hough  House Union  Stock  Yards- 

Laclede  Hotel W.  Madison,  cor.  Canal- 

Massasoit  House S.  Water,  cor.  Central  Ave. 

Matteson  House Dearborn,  N.  W.  cor.  Randolph. 

Metropolitan  Hotel Randolph,  S.  W.  cor  Wells. 

Oldridge  House State,  cor.  Van  Buren. 

Orient  House State,  cor.  Van  Buren. 

Revere  House Clark,  cor.  Kinzie. 

Richmond  House S.  Water,  cor.  Michigan  Ave. 

Shermaa  House Clark,  N.  W.  cor.  Randolph. 


Chicago  Hotels.  135 

St.  Cloud 112  and  114  Franklin. 

St.  James cor.  Washington  and  State. 

Tremont  House Dearborn,  S.  E.  cor.  Lake. 

Washington  House .244  and  246  Randolph. 

TREMONT  HOUSE. 

The  visitor  to  Chicago  can  not  fail  to  be  attracted  by 
the  splendid  and  massive  structure  of  the  Tremont 
House,  which  is  centrally  located  on  the  corner  of 
Dearborn  and  Lake  streets.  This  hotel  is  widely 
known  as  one  of  the  most  spacious  and  agreeable  in 
the  West.  The  internal  arrangements  admirably  har- 
monize with  the  inviting  aspect  of  the  exterior!  The 
Tremont  was  rebuilt,  remodeled,  and  refurnished  in 
the  richest  and  most  luxurious  style  in  1868.  It  com- 
prises nearly  three  hundred  rooms — single  and  in  suites 
— with  baths,  closets,  and  every  modern  improvement 
attached.  The  reading  rooms,  smoking  rooms,  pub- 
lic and  private  parlors,  billiard  rooms,  saloons,  etc,, 
are  all  on  the  most  comfortable  and  elegant  scale — no 
expense  having  been  spared  in  their  fitting  up.  The 
ladies'  parlors  are  furnished  at  an  expense  of  $10,000. 
Atwood's  celebrated  improved  passenger  elevator  has 
been  introduced,  for  the  conveyance  of  guests  to  the 
different  floors,  saving  thotn  the  time  and  trouble  of 
climbing  numerous  flights  of  stairs.  Tlie  table  u  richly 
provided,  and  the  cuinine  unsurpassed  in  bounty  and 
elegance.  The  employes  of  the  house  are  noted  for 
their  obliging  and  courteous  demeanor,  and  no  guest 
can  possibly  be  subjected  to  rudeness  or  inattention. 

The  Tremont  is  situated  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
great  business  thoroughfares,  and  is  within  easy 
reach  of  all  the  theatres,  places  of  public  resort, 
and  railroad  depots.  Combining  all  the  qualities 
of  a  first  class  house,  it  offers  superior  inducements 
to  all  who  visit  the  Garden  City  on  business  or  for 
pleasure.  In  the  past  the  Tremont  has  deservedly 
enjoyed  an  enviable  reputation,  but,  at  the  present 
time,  it  is,  if  possible,  more  faultlessly  conducted  than 
ever,  it  being  the  laudable  ambition  of  the  urbane  and 
generous  proprietor,  John  B.  Drake,  Esq.,  to  render  his 


136 


Chicago  Hotels. 


TKEMONT  HOUSE. 


Chicago  Hotels.  13Y 


BKIGGS  HOUSE. 


138  Restaurants. 

hotel  the  very  beau  ideal  of  comfort  and  convenience, 
combining  all  the  freedom  of  public,  with  the  content- 
ment of  home  life.  Among  the  many  popular  traits 
of  the  Tremont,  its  special  parlors  are  always  at  the 
command  of  the  citizens  of  Chicago,  for  the  meetings 
of  committees,  on  all  matters  interesting  to  the  public. 
In  all  its  relations  this  popular  hotel  is  attractive  and 
hospitable,  and  well  deserves  the  patronage  which  it 
has  so  long  and  so  extensively  enjoyed. 

BRIGGS  HOUSE. 

This  first-class  hotel  is  justly  celebrated  among  the 
traveling  public.  Its  location  is  central,  on  the  north- 
east corner  of  Randolph  and  Wells  street.  It  is  near 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  Court  House,  and 
therefore  convenient  of  access  to  the  business  portion 
of  the  city,  places  of  amusement,  etc.  It  has  been 
recently  thoroughly  renovated  and  refurnished  with 
new  and  elegant  furniture,  and  fitted,  from  basement  to 
attic,  with  all  the  modern  appointments  and  appliances 
of  a  first  class  hotel,  Every  possible  convenience  is 
provided  for  the  weary  traveler  that  good  taste,  abund- 
ant means  and  many  years'  experience  in  the  business 
can  suggest  or  supply.  The  dining  hall  is  spacious, 
elegant/ well  ventilated,  and  attended  by  polite  and 
attentive  waiters  under  the  supervision  of  "  mine  host " 
and  accomplished  steward.  The  table  is  bountifully 
supplied  with  the  delicacies,  dainties,  and  substantial 
which  the  market  can  supply,  and  a  cuisine  unsur- 
passed for  its  excellence  can  prepare. 


RESTAURANTS. 

Chicago  is  well  supplied  with  admirably  managed 
restaurants,  among  the  more  prominent  and  popular 
of  which  is  that  of  Messrs.  Collins  &  McGuire,  which 
is  described  by  the  Cliicayo  Times,  May  23rd,  18GD,  aa 
follows : 


Restaurants.  139 

Among  the  most  noticeable  evidences  of  the  fact 
that  Chicago  is  rapidly  following  in  the  footsteps  of 
New  York  is  the  establishment  of  an  elegant  and  ex- 
pensively fitted  up  fancy  grocery  store  and  merchants' 
lunch  room,  at  No.  119  Dearborn  street,  by  Messrs. 
Collins  &  McGuire,  two  gentlemen  well  known  in  Chi- 
cago as  business  men  of  the  first  class.  The  front  of 
the  store  is  handsomely  fitted  up  with  a  solid  walnut 
counter  and  tastefully  arranged  shelving.  This  part 
of  the  establishment  is  devoted  to  the  branch  of  excel- 
lent brands  of  cigars  and  tobacco,  with  some  of  the 
finest  pipes  in  Chicago  upon  the  one  side,  and  a  large 
stock  of  all  varieties  of  French  and  other  fancy  grocer- 
ies on  the  other.  Upon  the  counter  stands  a  fine  glass 
show-case,  while  suspended  from  the  ceiling  hangs  a 
magnificent  bronze  chandelier,  imported  especially  by 
Mr.  Henry  Byrne,  of  this  city. 

Passing  through  a  fine  series  of  folding  doors,  com- 
posed of  walnut  frames,  filled  in  with  green  "  rep,"  and 
surmounted  by  a  gilt  eagle,  the  merchants'  lunch  and 
sample  room  is  reached.  Upon  either  side  of  the  doors 
a  fine  arch  is  further  ornamented  by  an  elaborate  cage, 
containing  a  beautiful  canary  bird.  Under  the  right 
hand  arch  is  the  office  of  the  firm,  a  cozy  little  place, 
with  a  richly  carved  walnut  desk. 

The  floor  of  the  front  store  is  of  black  and  white 
marble,  while  that  of  the  lunch  room  is  of  black  walnut 
and  ash,  placed  in  diamond  form.  Both  ceilings  are 
covered  with  the  richest  and  handsomest  French  paper, 
embellished  by  suitable  designs  and  a  profusion  of  gilt 
moulding. 

In  the  lunch-room  the  most  prominent  feature  is  a 
massively  carved  walnut  bar,  behind  which,  laid  in  the 
deep  walnut  paneling  of  the  most  elaborate  design,  is  a 
gigantic  mirror  13  feet  4  inches  in  length,  6  feet  10 
inches  in  height,  and  valued  at  $1,000.  Over  the  mir- 
ror, in  niches  in  the  carved  paneling,  are  busts  of  Henry 
Clay  and  Daniel  Webster,  one  upon  either  side.  At 
the  end  of  the  bar  is  a  heavy  walnut  ale  and  wine  box, 
surmounted  in  the  centre  by  a  gilt  framed  time  piece. 
Upon  one  side  of  the  box  rests  a  bust  of  Abraham  Lin- 
coln, carved  in  walnut ;  upon  the  other  a  small  bust 


140  Restaurants. 

of  Stephen  A.  Douglas ;  while  over  the  two  is  placed 
George  Washington.  The  walls  are  covered  with  rich 
French  paper,  arranged  in  gilt-framed  panels,  and  pre- 
senting some  gems  of  Continental  scenery.  The  orna- 
mentation of  the  room  is  further  increased  by  two 
beautiful  pictures,  one  represeting  "  "Winter,"  and  the 
other  "  Summer,"  placed  in  niches  in  the  walnut,  on 
either  side  of  the  bar. 

Leading  from  the  lunch-room  is  a  conveniently  ar- 
ranged lavatory  and  other  necessary  offices. 

On  descending  the  stairs  which  lead  to  the  basement, 
the  visitor  is  first  ushered  into  a  cozy  wine  room,  fur- 
nished in  handsome  style.  The  floor  is  covered  by  an 
expensive  Brussels  carpet,  while  the  walls  and  ceiling 
are  ornamented  by  coutly  French  paper  of  rich  design. 
Upon  this  same  floor,  and  to  the  rear,  is  the  stock  and 
bottling  room,  a  large  and  cool  apartment,  filled  to  the 
ceiling  with  the  choicest  ales,  wines,  and  all  varieties 
of  liquors.  Here  Messrs.  Collins  &  McGuire  have 
every  facility  for  bottling  any  quantity  of  the  various 
varieties  of  liquors,  which  they  are  prepared  to  dispose 
of  in  lots  to  suit  families,  at  the  most  satisfactory  terms. 

Leading  from  the  stock  room  is  the  kitchen,  fitted 
up  with  a  fine  range,  of  itself  calculated  to  make  the 
lunch  room  a  perfect  success.  This  room  is  connected 
with  the  restaurant  above  by  an  elevator  of  the  most 
approved  construction. 

Messrs.  Collins  &  McGuire,  the  enterprising  proprie- 
tors of  this  establishment,  are  both  well  known  in  this 
city.  Mr.  William  Collins  has  been,  for  nearly  five 
years,  engaged  in  business  of  this  nature,  and  formerly 
was  connected  with  the  Tremont  House.  Mr.  McGuire, 
until  last  fall,  when  he  associated  himself  with  Mr.  Col- 
lins, was  in  the  provision  line  upon  the  West  side,  and 
previous  to  that  was  prominently  known  in  commercial 
circles  in  Niagara,  Canada. 

The  carpenter  work  upon  this  fine  establishment 
was  all  executed  by  Cochran  &  Mullins,  carpenters  and 
builders,  No.  271  Superior  street.  It  is  of  a  most  excel- 
lent character,  and  speaks  in  the  highest  terms  of  the 
ability  of  the  carpenters.  This  branch  of  the  fitting  up 


Restaurants.  141 

embraces  some  of  the  finest  pieces  of  carving  and  mould- 
ing in  walnut  ever  seen  in  the  West. 

The  painting  was  the  work  of  Mr.  McDermott, 
recently  of  Philadelphia,  and  is  also  of  the  finest  char- 
acter. Mr.  McDermott  is  the  man  who  recently  exe- 
cuted the  painting  at  the  Western  News  Company,  on 
State  street,  and  ift  both  instances  he  has  shown  powers 
of  workmanship  of  the  highest  order. 

The  papering  was  all  laid  on  by  J.  J.  McGrath  ;  the 
mirror  was  imported  by  Noble,  and  the  entire  improve- 
ment effected  under  the  architectural  supervision  of 
John  R.  Winchell.  The  upholstering  was  done  by 
Hollister  &  Phelps,  and  the  furniture  is  from  the  estab- 
lishment of  F.  Porter  Thayer  &  Co. 

A  branch  of  the  establishment  is  on  the  northwest 
corner  of  Clark  and  South  Water  streets,  which  is 
in  every  respect  a  complete  lunch-room  for  merchants. 


THE  NEATEST  and  most  complete  first-class  Oyster  and 
Ice  Cream  Saloon  in  the  city,  is  that  lately  opened  by 
Messrs.  Smith  &  Odlin.  The  former  is  known  as  the 
"  Chicago  Oyster  King,"  and  the  latter  as  the  "Cham- 
pion Confectioner."  This  establishment,  located  at  No. 
79  Clark  street,  is  fitted  up  exquisitely  and  with  every 
modern  improvement,  and  supplies  a  want  which 
strangers  and  citizens  always  experience  in  visiting  a 
large  city,  namely:  a  first-class  Ladies'  Oyster  and  Ice 
Cream  Saloon.  In  this  establishment  all  the  luxuries 
and  delicacies  of  the  season  will  be  served  up  in  the 
best  style :  a  good  stew,  a  nice  fry,  or  "  on  the  shell," 
will  always  be  found  at  this  establishment.  When  in 
season,  can  always  be  had  here,  in  every  variety,  shell 
crabs,  scallops,  smelts,  eastern  speckled  trout,  frogs, 
lobsters,  shrimps,  clams,  etc.,  and  such  a  variety  of  shell 
oysters  as  can  not  be  surpassed  in  any  other  establish- 
ment in  Chicago.  The  Ice  Cream  department  will  be 
found  complete  in  every  particular.  It  is  important 
for  strangers  visiting  Chicago,  to  know  where  a  deli- 
cious ice  cream,  soda  water,  a  mint  julep,  a  milk  punch, 
choicest  brands  of  imported  champagnes  and  other 
wines,  and  all  other  cooling  beverages  can  be  had, 


142  Art  Galleries. 

together  with  an  endless  assortment  of  the  purest  and 
most  delicious  confectionery.  Strangers,  tourists,  and 
parties  visiting  Chicago  would  do  well  to  keep  this 
establishment  in  view.  It  is  one  of  the  most  complete 
of  the  kind  to  be  found  any  where.  Accommodating 
and  attentive  waiters  will  be  found  always  on  hand. 
A  Restaurant  is  connected  with  this  establishment, 
where  a  nice  steak,  a  veal  cutlet,  a  mutton  chop,  etc., 
with  every  luxury  can  always  be  had. 


THE    STATE    MICROSCOPICAL    SOCIETY    OF 
ILLINOIS. 

This  society  was  organized  in  the  winter  of  1868,  and 
was  incorporated  by  the  legislature,  under  its  present 
name,  during  the  session  of  1869.  It  already  possesses 
many  valuable  instruments,  with  suitable  and  costly 
apparatus.  It  numbers  among  its  members,  not  only 
the  leading  members  of  the  learned  professions,  but  also 
many  of  those  whose  lives  have  been  spent  in  accumu- 
lating fortunes  by  trade  and  commerce,  whose  noble 
pride  it  is  to  contribute  in  making  Chicago  what  she 
is  fast  becoming — a  great  centre  for  the  cultivation  of 
the  arts  and  sciences. 


ART    GALLERIES. 

Art  in  Chicago  is  still  in  its  infancy.  Prior  to  1860 
it  had  hardly  obtained  a  foothold  here.  A  few  of  our 
wealthy  citizens  had  adorned  their  residences  with  fine 
pictures,  which  they  brought  home  from  their  Euro- 
pean tours ;  but  there  was  no  public  spirit  in  art  mat- 
ters. There  were  no  studios,  no  schools  of  art  or  de- 
sign, no  galleries  of  pictures,  no  places  of  resort  for  the 
artists  or  connoisseurs,  and  no  inducement  for  artists 
to  settle  here. 

The  first  impulse  which  was  given  to  art  in  a  public 


Art  Galleries.  143 

direction  was  the  distribution  of  the  Chicago  Art  Union 
at  Hesler's  photograph  gallery,  which  took  place  De- 
cember 7th,  1860. 

The  result  of  this  exhibition  was  manifest  in  the  col- 
lection of  works  exhibited  in  1863,  in  McVicker's  Thea- 
tre building,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Northwestern  Sani- 
tary Fair,  which  was  opened  October  27th. 

In  1864  William  Beebe,  a  connoisseur  and  dealer  in 
pictures,  brought  a  very  meritorious  collection  of  copies 
of  old  masters  and  some  works  of  the  modern  European 
painters  to  this  city. 

The  progress  of  art  was  now  so  rapid  that  art  galler- 
ies were  established  in  various  business  houses,  promi- 
nent among  which,  that  of  Matson  &  Co.  enjoys  an 
excellent  reputation.  Hovey  &  Heffron  also  originated 
one  of  the  finest  galleries,  which  is  still  in  existence, 
and  filled  with  the  choicest  of  works.  In  addition  to 
this  gallery,  the  Opera  House  Art  Gallery,  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Aitken,  and  Jevne  &  Almini's  gal- 
lery, under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  Frodsham,  are  now 
in  successful  operation,  and  are  constantly  full  of  fine 
American  and  foreign  pictures. 

ACADEMY    OF   DESIGN. 

Mr.  Yolk,  President  of  the  Academy  of  Design,  who 
was  commissioned  to  make  a  collection  of  casts,  while 
abroad,  for  the  use  of  the  students,  at  an  expense  of 
$5000,  has  furnished  the  appended  list  of  about  fifty 
of  the  seventy  pieces.4 

The  casts  will  be  placed  upon  exhibition  so  soon  as 
the  Academy  gets  settled  in  new  quarters,  which  will 
be  in  a  building  of  their  own. 

The  Fighting  Gladiator ;  Bust  of  the  Farnese  Her- 
cules ;  Bust  of  Young  Augustus ;  Genius  of  the  Vati- 
can ;  Basso-Relievo  from  the  Parthenon ;  Bust  of 
Homer ;  Bust  of  the  Apollo  Belvidere ;  Horse's  Head 
(from  the  bronze) ;  Bust  of  the  Cupid  of  the  Vatican ; 
Bust  of  the  Faun  of  the  Vatican  ;  Bust  of  the  Apollo 
and  Muses;  Torso  of  Theseus  (copy),  from  the  Parthe- 
non ;  Bust  of  Minerva  ;  Boy  and  Thorn  (from  a  bronze 
statue) ;  Three  Hands  and  a  Foot ;  Feet  from  Canova's 


144  Art  Galleries. 

Gladiator ;  Feet  from  the  Farnese  Hercules  and  Anti- 
nous  ;  Feet  from  a  Colossal  Antique ;  Bust  of  Ariadne  ; 
Boy  and  Goose ;  Anatomical  Head,  from  Nature ; 
Flamming' s  Cupid ;  Head  and  Body  of  the  Venus  di 
Milo;  Anatomical  Torso,  from  Nature;  Anatomical 
Le^  and  Anns;  Torso  of  Theseus,  from  the  Parthe- 
non; Anatomical  Figure;  Bust  of  Psyche  of  Naples; 
Flora  of  the  Capitol ;  Bust  of  Venus ;  Bassi-Relievi,  by 
Benvenuto  Cellini ;  Two  Children's  Heads,  by  Flam- 
ming ;  Torso  of  the  Apollo  Belvidere  ;  Bust  of  Niobe  ; 
Back  of  Female,  from  Nature;  Bust  of  Ajax;  The 
Dioscobolus,  or  Quoit-Thrower ;  Female  Antique  Face ; 
Head  and  Face  of  Constantine;  Casts  from  Trojan's 
Column ;  Colossal  Arm  (from  a  bronze  in  the  Vatican); 
Basso-Relievo,  Faun  and  Tiger;  Cuirass  of  Augustus, 
from  the  Vatican ;  Five  Bassi-Relievi,  from  the  Par- 
thenon ;  five  from  the  Temple  of  Victory,  and  a  Torso 
from  the  same. 

SCULPTURE. 

The  sculptor's  art  is  well  represented  in  Chicago' 
Mr.  L.  W.  Volk  has  made  a  name  among  connoiseurs 
in  art  matters,  by  his  statue  of  Douglas  and  bust  of 
Lincoln,  and  in  this  country  his  name  has  become  cele- 
brated for  his  many  equally  excellent  works.  Amongst 
the  latter  we  may  name  the  Soldiers'  Monument, 
recently  erected  in  the  city  of  Rock  Island,  and  the 
Firemen's  Monument,  at  Rose  Hill,  which  have  been 
pronounced,  by  competent  judges,  in  true  artistic 
design  and  accuracy  of  execution  unsurpassed  by  any- 
thing of  the  kind  in  this  city.  In  the  studio  of  this 
distinguished  artist  can  now  be  seen  the  design  for  a 
Cook  County  soldiers'  mouument,  to  be  erected  in 
Rose  Hill  Cemetery,  to  cost  about  $20,000.  The  mon- 
ument will  be  about  40  feet  high,  of  granite,  including 
the  figure  of  a  soldier,  to  be  of  pure  Italian  marble  or 
bronze.  It  will  be  decorated  with  elaborate  and 
appropriate  relief.  The  design  was  selected  by  the 
committee  from  twenty-one  competitors,  embracing 
some  of  the  ablest  sculptors  in  the  country.  The 
Chicago  Marble  and  Granite  Works  Manufacturing 
Company,  who  have  the  execution  of  the  monument 


Art  Galleries.  145 

in  charge,  is  located  on  Washington,  near  Franklin 
street.  In  their  extensive  warerooms  can  be  seen,  at 
all  times,  many  most  elaborate  and  beautiful  designs 
for  monuments,  tombs,  and  mantels,  displaying  a  high 
degree  of  finish  and  excellence.  This  company  import 
their  marble  direct  from  Italy,  and  granite  from 
Scotland  and  the  New  England  States. 

Mr  Volk  has  recently  returned  from  an  extended 
tour  through  the  art  galleries  in  Europe.  He  has 
established  a  studio  in  Rome,  Italy,  where  he  proposes 
spending  a  part  of  his  time  for  a  few  years,  in  the  per- 
sonal supervision  of  such  works  as  he  may  execute 
there. 

MUSEUM  OP  ART  AND  HORTICULTURE. 

The  establishment  of  Messrs.  Hovey  &  Heffron,  No. 
87  State  street,  presents  a  center  of  attraction  to  those 
who  desire  to  make  home,  within  and  without,  a  para- 
dise. Here  may  be  seen  a  multitude  of  articles,  com- 
bining the  works  of  God  and  man,  for  the  beautifying 
of  house  and  garden.  It  is  not  now  necessary  or  need- 
ful for  those  who  wish  to  secure  the  beauties  of  nature 
in  fruit  or  flower,  or  choice  works  in  paintings,  sculp- 
ture, or  carvings,  to  travel  beyond  Chicago  for  them. 
As  well,  if  not  better,  than  at  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
or  Boston,  can  be  purchased  here — the  masterpieces  of 
American  artists;  the  creations  of  European  genius, 
and  the  beautiful  handiworks  of  Deity.  It  is  the  aim, 
and  has  been  the  achievement  of  this  house  to  meet  the 
wants  and  tastes  of  an  intelligent  community  with  arti- 
cles for  sale  good  in  quality,  unexcelled  in  taste,  and 
as  economical  in  price  as  any  European  or  Ameri- 
ican  market  can  furnish.  In  their  gallery  of  art  can 
always  be  found  the  very  best  works  of  native  and  for- 
eign artists,  in  oil  paintings,  marble,  water  colors,  and 
every  form  of  Aquarelle.  Their  French  water  color 
fac-Mm&et  are  copies  of  the  best  genre  pictures  of  the 
French  school,  from  subjects  in  the  Academy,  Louvre, 
etc.,  giving  perfect  copies  of  the  works  of  the  best  Paris 
artists  at  a  nominal  sum,  thus  bringing  the  gems  of 
}I"issonier,  Carbonel,  Gerome,  etc.,  within  the  reach 
of  many.  (The  least  costly  originals  of  these  are  held 


146  Art  Galleries. 

at  $1,000  each.)  In  Sepia,  India  ink,  pencil,  and  other 
drawings  and  designs  they  offer  a  very  large  variety, 
on  all  sorts  of  materials,  but  especially  adapted  for  cen- 
ter table  and  toilet  use. 

Passing  from  the  gallery  into  the  ware-room  various 
articles  of  bronze  invite  examination.  Along  the  sides 
of  this  apartment  an  endless  variety  of  articles  in  Pari- 
an are  seen  ;  here  also  are  exhibited,  from  their  Terra 
Cotta  works,  many  varied  forms  of  ornamental  art, 
particularly  in  architectural  work.  In  its  susceptibil- 
ity for  ornament,  indestructibility,  and  very  moderate 
cost,  Terra  Cotta,  as  a  building  material,  in  this  section 
and  climate,  has  proved  itself  especially  adapted.  The 
delicate  and  tasteful  ornaments  known  as  alabaster, 
cut  and  chiseled  by  hand,  from  the  soft  Carrara  marble, 
are  here  in  profusion  ;  also  a  large  and  rich  class  of 
goods  made  in  rare  woods — lemon,  sandal,  olive,  cedar, 
etc.,  plain  and  richly  inlaid,  of  many  colors  and  designs, 
which  are  known  to  travelers  and  connoiseurs  as  Sor- 
rento work.  Of  Chinese  and  Japanese  wares  they 
keep  a  full  supply.  By  a  new  process — the  invention 
of  a  French  artist,  now  in  the  employ  of  this  firm — they 
are  enabled  to  furnish  vases  and  baskets  of  fruit,  a  per- 
fect counterfeit  of.nature,  in  size,  weight,  form,  texture, 
and  color,  and  also  susceptible  of  being  handled  and 
cleaned  when  soiled.  They  will  furnish  specimens  of 
extraordinary  sized  prize  fruits  and  vegetables,  pre- 
served by  this  system,  and  duplicated,  upon  receipt  of 
samples,  at  trifling  cost. 

Their  horticultural  department  is  equal  to  any  in 
the  country.  Citizens  and  strangers  are  cordially 
invited,  by  the  courteous  proprietors,  to  visit  their 
establishment.  Parties  can  rely  upon  this  house  as 
offering  only  the  best  wares.  The  honor,  as  well  as  the 
taste,  of  the  gentlemen  comprising  this  firm  is  highly 
appreciated  by  the  citizens  of  Chicago,  and  their  estab- 
lishment is  the  pride  of  the  city. 

ARCHITECTURE. — Chicago  having  now  reached  an 
assured  position  as  a  great  metropolis  of  commerce, 
manufactures,  and  influence,  she  can  afford  to  devote 
much  of  her  energy  and  wealth  to  the  growth  and  cul- 


Art  Galleries.  147 

tnre  of  aesthetic  taste  in  her  midst,  and  in  her  public 
and  private  buildings,  their  adornments  and  surround- 
ings, to  illustrate  the  taste  for  the  beautiful  and  true 
in  nature  and  art,  which  in  all  enlightened  communi- 
ties, when  prosperous,  finds  development  and  patron- 
age. In  the  cultivation  of  this  taste  much  depends 
upon  the  abilities  of  the  architect  who  fashions  the 
public  buildings.  In  this  respect  Chicago  has  been,  in 
one  instance,  at  least,  particularly  fortunate,  and  our 
citizens  refer  with  pride  to  one  of  the  oldest  architects 
in  the  city,  Mr.  W.  W.  Boyington,  when  pointing  out 
to  strangers  some  of  our  noblest  public  structures,  the 
creations  of  his  genius,  not  the  least  of  which  is  the 
First  Baptist  Church,  a  representation  of  which  is 
presented  on  page  87  of  this  book. 

O'BRIEN'S  ART  EMPORIUM. — There  is  no  city  in 
the.  United  States  which,  to-day,  in  proportion  to 
its  age  and  population,  can  boast  of  so  large  a  num- 
ber, such  hard  working,  and  such  talented  artists  as 
the  city  of  Chicago.  It  is  also  true,  that  in  no  city  are 
there  greater  facilities,  both  as  to  quality  and  price,  for 
the  purchase  of  the  numerous  varieties  of  art  which 
contribute  to  the  pleasure  and  contentment  of  society. 
We  have  been  convinced  of  this  by  an  extended  visit  to 
O'Brien's  art  emporium,  at  No.  51  State  street, 
where  we  have  always  been  received  cordially,  and 
permitted  to  revel  at  will  among  the  exhaustless  re- 
sources that  it  affords.  Two  observations  have  been 
especially  prominent : 

First.  The  ample  room  obtained  in  the  new  location, 
the  enterprise  that  is  characteristic  of  Chicago,  and  the 
experience  and  excellent  judgment  employed,  have  ren- 
dered this  a  depository  of  art  which  can  not  be  sur- 
passed on  the  continent.  It  is  no  longer  necessary  that 
our  citizens  should  go  to  London,  Paris,  or  New  York 
to  purchase  any  tiling  that  appertains  to  the  ar  s, 
whether  it  be  painting  in  oil  or  water  colors;  framing, 
of  the  latest  and  most  elegant  descriptions  ;  engravings, 
modern  or  ancient,  rare  old  line  or  artists'  proofs; 
chromo-lithographs,  the  great  popularizers  of  art,  of 
every  nation,  school,  and  style ;  photographs,  in  the 


O'BRIEN'S  ART  EMPORIUM, 

51  STATE  ST.,  CHICAGO. 


Art  Galleries.  149 

highest  finish  of  the  art  and  in  the  largest  variety  ; 
materials  for  artists,  aids  to  students,  ornaments  for 
home,  or  what  not — we  find  that,  at  last,  all  these  may 
be  obtained  in  Chicago  as  surely  and  to  better  advan- 
tage than  by  sending  or  going  to  other  cities  for  them. 

Second.  We  find  the  resources  for  ornamentation  and 
the  beautifying  of  homes  so  great  and  varied;  extend- 
ing in  character  and  price  to  all  tastes  and  to  all  con- 
ditions of  people ;  offering  such  irresistible  charms  as 
we  ourselves  never  dreamed  of.  Any  one  who  will 
take  the  pleasure — it  is  no  trouble — to  examine  the 
assortment  at  the  Art  Emporium  will  find  that  there 
is  no  occasion  for  going  outside  of  it,  or  looking  to 
other  sources,  for  a  supply  of  art  matters  in  all  forms 
and  at  all  prices. 

"Art  Is  truth,  and  art  is  religion,  and  its  study  and 
practice  a  daily  work  of  pious  duty,"  says  Thackeray. 
But  it  has  other  and  yet  more  attractive  charms  than 
this  moral  view  possesses.  Art  appeals  at  once  to  the 
mind  and  the  heart,  to  the  intellect  and  to  the  affections. 
Every  good  picture  has  a  good  story  to  tell;  a  variety 
of  good  pictures  presents  a  variety  of  sensations  and 
reflections,  which  form  a  constant  and  never  failing, 
source  of  enjoyment.  Who  has  not  been  made  cheerful 
by  the  contemplation  of  a  bright  and  happy  scene  ? 
Who  has  a  good  picture  in  his  house  that  does  not 
recur  to  it  again  and  again,  with  renewed  interest  and 
enjoyment,  and  is  not  better  and  more  contented  for 
such  contemplation?  And  modern  art,  with  its  im- 
provements, has  brought  within  the  means  of  nearly 
every  one  the  possession,  not  of  pictures  alone,  but  of 
a  collection  of  pictures — all  good  and  enjoyable.  Show 
us  the  pictures  that  decorate  a  wall,  and  we  will  tell 
you  of  the  tastes,  the  happiness,  and  the  pleasures  of 
the  dwellers.  If  any  one  who  reads  this  feels  the  neces- 
sity of  demonstration  to  be  convinced  of  the  truth  of  it, 
let  him  visit  Mr.  O'Brien's  Art  Emporium,  and  we 
venture  to  say,  that  he  will  not  come  away  under  a 
couple  of  hours,  and  when  he  does  he  will  willingly 
admit  all  that  we  have  said. 

And  there  can  be  no  doubt  in  the  mind  of  any  rea- 
sonable person,  that,  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  it  pays 


150  Art  Galleries. 

to  invest  in  pictures.  Once  convinced  in  this  view  of 
the  matter,  the  practical  people  of  the  country  will 
make  the  investment  more  largely  than  ever.  It  pays 
in  the  comfort  and  enjoyment  which  pictures  bring. 
It  pays  in  the  advancement  of  taste  and  enlargement  of 
culture.  It  pays  in  the  satisfaction  found  in  affording 
friends  the  hospitality  of  an  elegant  or  cheerful  home. 
And  the  humble  home  which  is  rich  in  its  possession 
of  bright  and  happy  pictures,  is  more  elegant  to  a  re- 
fined person  than  the  gaudy  home  that  abounds  in  ele- 
gant and  meretricious  display.  There  is  one  picture — 
"Purity" — which  is  all  that  its  name  suggests — pure 
in  conception,  in  design,  in  execution,  and  delicately 
and  artistically  beautiful,  which  is  worth  more  in  its 
influence  than  thousands  of  dollars. 

In  the  Art  Emporium  will  be  found  a  greater  num- 
ber and  a  wider  selection  of  rare  old  line  engravings 
than  has  ever  before  been  exhibited  in  the  West,  and 
as  complete  and  valuable  a  collection  as  has  ever  been 
made  in  America.  The  engravings  of  this  collection 
represent  every  school,  every  nation,  every  age,  and 
every  prominent  artist  that  the  world  has  produced. 
The  scope  of  subjects  is  almost  illimitable,  and  includes 
a  variety  that  can  not  fail  to  please  the  taste  of  every 
one  who  may  desire  to  select. 

Among  the  chromos  are  those  of  the  English,  Amer- 
ican, French,  German,  and  Italian  schools.  English 
chromos  are  seldom  printed  to  produce  an  oil  effect. 
They  are  intended  to  represent  water-color  paintings  ; 
and  they  are  generally  superior  to  their  European 
rivals.  There  is  a  delicacy  in  their  finish  and  tone 
that  neither  the  Germans  nor  Italians  attain.  Yet  all 
have  their  distinguishing  merits.  Teachers,  decorate 
your  schools.  Pictures  have  an  historical  value,  a  re- 
fining influence,  and  a  cheerful  quality,  which  can  not 
but  be  most  beneficial  to  forming  minds,  Something 
appropriate  will  always  be  found  at  the  Art  Empo- 
rium. 

Besides  the  paintings,  engravings,  and  chromos  that 
have  been  mentioned,  there  arc  beautiful  and  artistic 
lithographs ;  photographs ;  stereoscopic  views ;  oil 
prints;  enamel  paintings;  beautiful  ornaments  in 


Art  Galleries.  151 

Parian  and  Iceland  Spar;  drawing  studies;  church 
pictures;  a  variety  of  illuminations  in  Decalcomanie 
and  Diaphonie  ;  a  varied  and  full  collection  of  artists' 
materials.  Particular  attention  is  given  to  framing. 
It  is  not  necessary  that  the  frame  should  always  be 
expensive,  but  it  is  necessary  that  it  should  be  in  good 
taste  and  thoroughly  adapted  to  the  picture  for  which 
it  is  intended.  It  is  essential  that  there  should  always 
be  an  immense  and  varied  stock,  such  as  is  constantly 
kept  at  the  Art  Emporium,  from  which  to  make 
selection.  It  is  also  advisable  that  the  purchaser  should 
listen  to  the  advice  of  some  practical  and  experienced 
framer,  and  it  would  be  well  to  consult  with  Mr. 
O'BRIEN,  who  manufactures  largely  in  all  styles  and 
varieties,  and  has  done  so  for  years. 

Finally,  let  us  impress  upon  the  reader,  that  he  will 
always  be  welcome  to  O'Brien's  Art  Emporium, 
51  State  street,  as  a  visitor,  whether  he  desires  to  pur- 
chase or  not^  and  that,  as  a  visitor,  he  will  find  an 
enjoyment  that  will  fully  repay  him  for  the  trouble  he 
may  take,  In  the  enjoyment  which  it  affords. 

READER  OF  THE  GUIDE,  if  you  desire  to  pass  an  hour 
pleasantly,  as  well  as  profitably,  or  if  contemplating 
purchasing  articles  to  beautify  your  home,  or  offer  to 
your  customers,  for  like  purpose,  do  not  forget  the 
Repository  of  Fine  Art,  of  Messrs.  Mclntyre,  Peck  & 
Co.,  136  State  Street.  This  extensive  and  model  estab- 
lishment ranks  foremost  in  this  branch  of  Chicago 
enterprise.  Their  spacious  and  tastefully  arranged 
store  is  filled  with  an  immense  stock  of  every  thing 
that  pertains  to  Art.  Their  Retail  Department  dis- 
plays for  exhibition,  and  sale  —  richly  framed  —  Paint- 
ings from  the  easels  of  celebrated  home  and  foreign 
artists;  Water  Colors;  American,  French,  German, 
and  the  finest  Italian  Chromos.  A  choice  selection  of 
Engravings  adorn  the  walls,  which  includes  Artist's 
Proofs  and  India  Prints,  Lithograghs,  Photographs, 
etc.,  etc.  Swiss  carved  goods,  and  other  ornamental 
wares,  fill  their  beautiful  show  cases  —  in  fact,  all  that 
can  please  the  eye,  and  satisfy  the  most  fastidious  taste, 
is  to  be  found  in  their  stock.  They  have  also,  for  the 


152  Art  Galleries. 

lover  of  Billiards,  Briggs'  new  Patent  Parlor  Billiard 
Table —ready  with  balls  and  cue  for  a  trial  of  its 
merits.  They  are  exclusive  agents  for  the  Northwest 
for  this  desirable  article  of  home  adornment  and 
pleasure. 

The  Wholesale  Department  'comprises  a  full  stock  of 
Pictures,  and  picture  requisites,  for  the  trade,  Frames, 
Mouldings,  Cord,  Tassels,  etc.,  etc. 

They  have  exclusive  control  of  a  line  of  specialties 
that  will  pay  to  examine.  Buyers  should  not  forget  to 
look  in  at  136  State  Street,  and  examine  goods  and 
prices. 

PHOTOGRAPH  GALLERIES. 
The  stranger,  in  visiting  the  photograph  galleries  of 
Chicago,  should  take  a  note  of  the  location  of  Carbutt's, 
No.  24  Washington  street.  His  elegant  parlors  are 
adorned  with  specimens  of  his  art,  equal  to  any  that 
can  be  produced  in  the  profession  any  where.  His 
Berlin  photographs,  from  retouched  negatives,  are  most 
exquisite  productions  of  the  highest  skill,  and  present 
all  the  beauty  of  porcelain  miniatures.  At  a  recent 
assembly  of  the  State  Microscopical  Society  in  this  city, 
Mr.  Carbutt  both  astonished  and  delighted  the  critical 
audience  by  an  exhibition  of  many  beautiful  objects 
photo-micographed  by  him  with  the  oxy-hydrogen  mi- 
croscope. 

THE  TINTYPE  is  comparatively  a  new  feature  in  Art, 
having  been  practiced  but  a  very  few  years,  and  the 
first  introduction  of  this  beautiful  branch  of  Photo- 
graphy west  of  New  York,  was  about  eighteen  months 
ago,  at  122  Lake  Street,  Chicago,  by  Mr.  Alfred  Hall, 
an  artist  of  over  twenty  years  experience  in  the  photo- 
graphic business.  Mr.  Hall  was  engaged,  for  about 
two  years,  in  other  business,  but  even  the  activity  and 
excitement  of  a  mercantile  life  in  Chicago  could  not 
divert  his  attention  from  his  old  profession,  so  he  made 
up  his  mind  to  start  his  cherished  art  again,  but  by 
close  observation  he  discovered  that  the  old  process  of 
making  a  negative,  and  printing  on  paper,  was  entirely 
too  slow  and  expensive  for  this  fast  age,  consequently 


Art  Galleries.  153 

he  decided  to  fit  up  a  first  class  Gallery,  with  all  the 
appointments  completely  adapted  to  this  new  and 
beautiful  branch  of  the  art,  and  make  it  a  specialty. 
While  the  process  of  fitting  the  Gallery  was  going  on, 
it  was  remarked  by  some  of  the  old  photographers  that 
Hall  must  be  crazy,  to  think  of  making  that  one  style 
of  pictures  pay  in  Chicago,  but  it  is  evident  they  knew 
not  what  they  were  talking  about,  for  in  less  than  two 
months  the  Tintype  became  so  popular  that  he  found 
it  necessary  to  fit  up  a  branch  Gallery  to  accommodate 
his  customers,  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  setting 
more  people,  at  122  Lake  Street,  than  any  other  two 
Galleries  in  the  city.  The  instruments  used  are  con- 
structed especially  for  this  branch  of  the  art,  being  a 
cluster  of  tubes  arranged  so  nicely  that,  with  a  properly 
sensitized  plate,  from  one  to  three  dozen  pictures  can 
be  produced  almost  instantaneously,  consequently  it  is 
one  of  the  most  sure  methods  of  getting  children's  pic- 
tures known.  Every  stranger  visiting  Chicago  should 
be  sure  to  go  to  Hall's,  at  122  Lake  Street,  as  it  is  the 
original  and  only  exclusive  Tintype  Gallery  in  the  city, 
and  sit  for  a  dozen  of  those  beautiful  pictures.  It  will 
hinder  you  only  about  twenty  minutes  to  g^et  them 
taken  and  finished,  and  will  cost  but  two  shillings. 

THE  CITY  OF  PARIS, 

In  miniature,  can  be  seen  by  the  visitor  to  Chicago 
at  Stein's  unique  and  elegant  bazaar,  No.  83  South 
Clark  street.  The  collection  of  fancy  goods,  toys,  and 
elegant  ornaments  he  keeps  in  stock  in  this  beautiful 
bazaar  is  wonderful  and  well  worth  seeing.  It  is 
bewildering  to  both  mind  and  eye  to  see  the  thousand 
and  one  useful  and  ornamental  articles  you  are  invited 
to  select  from  for  one  dollar.  Stein's  Bazaar,  83  South 
Clark  street,  is  one  of  the  institutions  of  Chicago,  and, 
like  many  other  of  her  institutions,  must  be  seen  before 
it  can  be  appreciated. 


154 


Art  Galleries. 


Home  Manufactures.  155 

HOME  MANUFACTUKES. 

WHAT  THINGS  ARE  MADE  IN  CHICAGO. 


WHERE     THEY     ARE     MADE     AND     WHO     MAKES     THEM. 

Occupying  the  entire  north  side  of  Fulton  street, 
between  Jefferson  and  Desplaines  streets,  with  a  front- 
age of  320  feet,  and  extending  to  the  rear  170  feet,  is 
the  planing  mill  and  factory  of  S.  I.  Russell.  The  orig- 
inal of  the  present  establishment  was  constructed  in 
1859,  and  totally  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  following 
year.  Having  been  rebuilt  immediately,  it  escaped  the 
perils  of  conflagration  until  December  of  last  year, 
when  it  was  again  burnt  to  the  ground.  Within  a 
month  thereafter  it  was  rebuilt  for  a  second  time,  and 
put  in  complete  working  order. 

The  ground  floor  of  the  factory  is  devoted  to  planing 
and  moulding  purposes.  There  are  in  operation  here, 
among  other  machinery,  six  steam  planers,  capable  of 
dressing  70,000  feet  of  lumber  per  day. 

On  the  second  floor  may  be  found  a  room  170  by  90 
feet  in  dimensions,  where  are  made  up  sashes,  doors, 
and  blinds.  This  is  thoroughly  equipped  with  the  best 
approved  machinery  and  other  appliances,  and  we 
believe  cannot  be  excelled  for  completeness  and  adap- 
tation to  the  purposes  for  which  it  is  used  in  the  entire 
Western  country. 

Adjoining  this  apartment,  on  the  left,  is  another,  60 
by  50  feet,  where  the  operations  of  turning,  scroll-saw- 
ing, and  the  like  are  carried  on.  Five  scroll  saws  and 
a  very  ingeniously  constructed  fluting  machine  for  the 
doing  of  various  kinds  of  ornamental  and  fancy  wood- 
work for  balusters,  etc.,  make  lively  music  the  whole 
working  day  long.  Eight  men  are  constantly  busy 
here  upon  stair-work 

Through  the  center  of  the  building  and  connecting 
the  various  floors,  there  rises  an  elevator  7x18  feet,  by 


156  Home  Manufactures. 

means  of  which  the  material  is  raised  to  the  different 
departments,  and  the  finished  work  sent  below  for 
shipment  or  delivery. 

A  pair  of  heavy  iron  doors  open  from  the  west  end 
of  this  floor  into  the  dry  house.  This  is  doubtless  the 
largest  and  best  constructed  building  of  the  kind  ever 
erected  in  this  city.  It  is  of  dimensions  42x62  feet,  and 
four  stories  in  height.  The  first  story  is  divided  into 
four  kilns.  A  boiler  weighing"  12  tons  and  10,000  feet 
of  steam  pipe  are  required  to  generate  and  distribute 
the  heat.  Each  floor  of  the  factory  is  connected  with 
the  dry  house  in  the  same  manner  as  before  described 
in  the  case  of  the  second  And  all  the  wood-work 
turned  out  by  the  factory  is,  before  being  put  together, 
thoroughly  dried  and  seasoned  in  this  department. 
The  upper  floors  have  not  yet  been  fitted  up  with  their 
appliances,  but  will  be  in  a  f-w  weeks. 

On  the  north-west  corner  of  the  ground  is  located  a 
machine  shop,  where  the  planers  and  other  machines 
in  the  factory  are  manufactured.  This  department  is 
very  well  and  conveniently  arranged.  A  number  of 
skillful  mechanics,  supplied  with  all  the  necessary  ap- 
paratus, are  employed  here.  Three  large  forges  con- 
stitute a  portion  of  the  equipment.  These  are  of  the 
latest  and  best  construction,  and  would  delight  the  soul 
of  old  Tubal  Cain  to  look  upon,  though  they  would 
doubtless  puzzle  that  ancient  blacksmith  somewhat  at 
first.  The  blasts  are  supplied  to  them  by  machinery. 
The  larger  share  of  all  the  machines  in  the  factory 
were  made  here,  and  quite  a  large  business  is  also  done 
in  manufacturing  wood  working  machinery,  for  sale  to 
the  trade.  This  establishment  also  manufactures  the 
wood-work,  planing  and  matching  machines,  and  rail- 
road chairs  for  depots,  which  are  made  a  specialty. 

Tlie  engine  which  furnishes  motive  power  for  the 
whole  establishment  is  of  300  horse  power,  and  a  uvule! 
of  mechanical  workmanship.  The  engine  and  boiler 
rooms  are  very  securely  built,  with  heavy  brick  arches, 
and  are  so  protected  by  strong  iron  frame  work, 
through  which  the  fuel  is  passed  into  the  furnaces,  as 
to  guard  as  effectually  as  possiblw  against  couiinunicat- 


Home  Manufactures.  157 

ing  fire  to,  or  receiving  it  from  other  portions  of  the 
establishment. 

Nearly  opposite  the  factory,  at  the  corner  of  Fulton 
and  Desplaines  streets,  is  a  large  brick  building,  80  feet 
front  by  90  feet  deep,  and  five  stories  in  height,  where 
are  located  the  offices,  sales-rooms,  and  store-rooms. 
The  main  office  is  roomy,  pleasant,  and  very  neatly 
furnished.  Its  walls  are  protected  by  a  neat  wainscot- 
ing of  pine  and  black  walnut.  Private  offices,  pro- 
vided with  wash  and  bath  rooms,  closets,  etc.,  etc.,  are 
connected  with  it,  and  supply  "all  the  modern  conve- 
niences." Anthony  S.  Goodridge,  Esq.,  an  experienced 
and  most  courteous  gentleman,  has  charge  of  affairs 
here  as  chief  clerk. 

Among  the  immense  stock  of  material  in  the  store- 
rooms, we  noticed  one  lot  of  doors  which  had  just  been 
finished  up  and  were  then  ready  lor  shipment,  in  ful- 
fillment of  an  order  of  $40,000.  Besides  these  there 
were  sashes,  doors,  blinds,  mouldings,  brackets,  stair- 
railings,  balusters,  window  frames,  etc.,  etc.,  in  seeming 
endless  quantities.  Seats  for  churches  and  railway 
depots  are  furnished  here  in  great  numbers.  Mr. 
Russell's  orders  for  work  of  this  kind  are  numerous, 
and  come  from  all  portions  of  the  Northwest.  Mr.  R. 
also  builds  railway  passenger  and  freight  houses  at  his 
factory  ;  that  is  to  say,  he  frames  and  fits  them  com- 
pletely, so  that,  after  their  arrival  on.  the  ground,  they 
need  but  to  be  put  together.  On  Tuesday  last  he  shipped 
throe  complete  passenger  houses  for  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  railroad  company,  and  has 
several  others  in  course  of  construction.  Carpenters, 
builders,  and  contractors  can  find  every  thing  here  in 
the  way  of  patterns  and  designs  for  all  the  varieties  of 
wood  work  entering  into  the  construction  of  buildings. 

In  connection  with  the  establishment  is  an  extensive 
factory,  where  are  made  the  celebrated  Churchill's 
patent  splint  baskets,  of  and  in  wi>ich  Mr.  Russell  is 
1  the  sole  manufacturer  and  dealer.  The  baskets  are  of 
four  different  styles,  known  respectively  as  "grain," 
"  market,''  "  laundry,"  and  "  feed."  There  are  six 
sizes  of  the  first,  nine  of  the  second,  three  of  the  third, 
and  five  of  the  last. 


158  Home  Manufactures. 

The  splints  and  ribs,  or  standards,  are  made  mostly 
of  elm  lumber,  and  are  manufactured  by  a  newly 
patented  machine,  by  which  all  the  materials  are 
planed  smooth. 

Judging  from  what  we  saw  of  them,  there  is  no 
basket  known  to  the  trade  which,  for  neatness, 
strength,  and  durability,  as  well  as  for  excellence  of 
workmanship,  surpasses  those  made  by  Mr.  Russell. 
We  can  see  no  good  reason  why  our  Western  dealers 
should  send  hundreds  of  miles  to  the  East  for  articles 
in  this  line,  which  are  inferior  in  quality,  and  superior 
only  in  the  altitude  of  their  prices,  when  their  orders 
can  be  supplied  here  in  any  quantity,  and  at  the  short- 
est possible  notice.  We  advise  our  Chicago  and  other 
Western  woodenware  men  to  investigate  this  matter, 
and  see  whether  there  is  not  here  a  chance  for  them  to 
secure  larger  profits  for  themselves  and  better  satisfac- 
tion to  their  customers. 

We  conclude  this  short  and  imperfect  sketch  of  one 
of  the  leading  manufacturing  establishments — or  rather 
combination  of  establishments — of  Chicago  by  giving 
a  few  figures,  which  indicate  the  extent  of  the  business 
done. 

There  are  employed  by  Mr.  "Russell  200  hands,  to 
whom  is  paid  weekly  over  $3,000.  The  capital  invested 
in  buildings,  stock,  and  machinery  is  $225,000,  and  last 
year's  sales  amounted  to  a  million  of  dollars. 

FURNITURE. — For  over  fifteen  years  past  the  firm  of 
A.  L.  Hale  &  Brother  have  been  engaged  in  business  in 
this  city,  as  manufacturers  and  importers  of,  and 
dealers  in,  Furniture.  The  gentlemen  composing  the 
firm  are  well  known,  active  and  enterprising  men, 
who,  by  steadfast  devotion  and  untiring  effort,  have 
built  up  a  very  large  and  lucrative  trade,  so  that  they 
now  take  rank  among  the  principal  Furniture  dealers 
of  Chicago  and  the  Northwest. 

They  now  occupy  the  whole  of  the  large  building 
numbered  10,  12,  14  and  16  on  North  Canal  street, 
with  their  Factory  and  Warerooms.  The  structure  is 
five  stories  in  height,  and  has  a  frontage  of  80  feet,  with 
a  rear  extension  of  160  feet.  They  formerly  used  but  a 


Home  Manufactures.  159 


FIELD,  LEITER  &  GO'S  ESTABLISHMENT. 


160 


Home  Manufactures. 


portion  of  the  building,  but  have  recently  been  com- 
pelled by  the  increase  of  their  business  to  take  more 
room. 

The  various  floors  up  to  the  fifth,  exclusive  of  the 
space  occupied  tor  office  purposes,  are  filled  with  an 
immense  stock,  embracing  all  the  varieties  known  to 
the  trade,  from  the  cheapest  and  plainest,  suited  to  fur- 
nish the  humble  cabin  of  the  pioneer  to  the  most 
luxurious  and  costly  for  the  adornment  of  the  palatial 
residences  of  our  Upper  Ten.  We  doubt  if  any  where 
in  this  country,  outside  of  New  York  city,  there  can  be 
seen  such  an  extensive  and  varied  assortment  of  goods 
in  this  line.  As  an  example  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
business  here  carried  on,  we  noted  one  lot  of  bedsteads 
numbering  16,000.  Other  articles  seemed  to  be  in  like 
grand  proportions. 

Every  thing  about  the  establishment  is  very  con- 
veniently arranged  for  the  facilitation  of  business.  A 
Steam  Elevator  is  soon  to  be  put  in  to  aid  in  the  hand- 
ling of  stock,  and  numerous  other  improvements, 
demanded  by  the  growing  trade,  are  in  contemplation. 
We  may  suggest,  by  wav  of  inducing  persons  to  visit 
Hale  &  Bro's.,  that  their  location  on  the  West  Side,  the 
domain  of  comparatively  low  rents,  enables  them  to 
give  to  their  customers  advantages  in  the  matter  of 
prices  that  are  hardly  possible  upon  this  side  of  the 
river. 

THE  WHOLESALE  TRADE  of  Chicago  has  experienced 
a  truly  wonderful  growth  during  the  past  six  years,  since 
the  establishment  of  the  national  banking  system  has 
freed  our  merchants  from  the  degraded  condition  of  the 
old  Western  currency. 

THE  GROCERY  TRADE  is  of  great  magnitude.  There 
are  over  eighty  firms  engaged  exclusively  in  the  whole- 
sale branch  of  this  business,  whose  sal ee  aggregated  last 
year  forty  millions  of  dollars. 

THE  DRY  GOODS  TRADE  is  about  equal  In  amount  to 
the  grocery.  There  are  about  forty  firms  engaged  in 
the  wholesale  branch,  whose  sales  annually  foot  up 
between  forty  and  fifty  millions;  two  of  whom,  last 
year,  exceeded  seven  million  dollars  each. 


Home  Manufactures.  161 

THE  WHOLESALE  BOOT  AND  SHOE  TRADE.-— In  the 
city  of  Chicago  there  are  engaged  in  the  wholesale 
manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes,  some  twenty-five 
houses,  whose  annual  business,  as  manufacturers  alone, 
amounts  to  over  $2,000,000.  This  great  industry,  great 
not  so  much  for  what  it  now  is  as  for  what  it  promises 
to  be  in  the  future — has  been  built  up  within  the  past 
twenty  years,  and  in  the  face  of  a  most  vigorous,  and  at 
first,  apparently  ruinous  competition  with  old  and  well- 
established  Eastern  factories,  possessed  of  all  the  ad- 
vantages that  long  experience,  abundance  of  labor- 
saving  machinery  and  skilled  workmen,  together  with 
large  capital,  could  give. 

Now  the  wholesa'e  boot  and  shoe  manufacture  is  one 
of  the  fixed  facts  of  Chicago.  The  business  is  estab- 
lished upon  a  sure  basis,  and  is  beyond  the  reach  of 
Eastern  competition,  for  the  reason  that  everywhere  in 
the  Westorn  market  it  is  well  known  that  Chicago- 
made  boots  and  shoes  are  far  superior,  both  in  material 
and  workmanship,  to  those  made  elsewhere. 

There  is  no  Chicago  house  deserving  of  more  honor 
for  the  achievement  of  these  results,  than  that  of  Dog- 
gett,  Bassett  &  Hills.  The  original  of  the  present  firm 
was  established  in  1846,  under  the  name  of  Ward  &  Dog- 
gett,  and  was  the  first  to  engage  in  the  wholesale  boot 
and  shoe  trade  in  the  city.  Some  four  years  later,  they 
began  to  manufacture,  and  were  the  pioneers  in  this 
also.  Messrs.  Bassett  and  Hills  having  been  admitted 
to  the  firm,  it  continued  to  prosper  until  1857,  when 
Mr.  Ward  died,  and  the  business  was  continued  under 
the  present  firm  name. 

That  first  year's  business,  away  back  in  1846, 
amounted  to  about  $10,000,  and  was  thought  to  be  a 
good  trade.  So  it  was  for  the  time.  That  was  the 
"  day  of  small  things'1  with  Chicago.  Our  thorough- 
fares were  then  "  no  thoroughfares,  save  by  the  grace 
of  the  clerk  of  the  weather,  and  that  despotic  character 
was  not  gracious  for  more  than  one-third  of  the  year. 
Our  entire  population  at  that  remote  day  was  only 
14,000,  and  the'radius  of  our  trade  hardly  extended  a 
hundred  miles  in  any  direction.  The  city  of  LaSalle, 
now  of  a  population  of  perhaps  7,000,  was  then  one  of 
11 


162  Home  Manufactures. 

our  formidable  rivals ;  and  there  are  now  in  that  forlorn 
looking  settlement  dozens  of  owners  of  lots  and  blocks, 
who  invested  and  located  there  in  preference  to  Chicago, 
well  satisfied  that  that  would  be  the  metropolis,  and 
Chicago  probably  a  thriving  town. 

Verily,  things  have  changed  since  then.  Chicago  has 
become  the  home  of  300,000  souls,  and  her  wealth,  busi- 
ness and  influence  exhibit  a  proportionate  increase. 
The  men  who  then  staked  their  fortunes  on  the  future 
of  this  city,  have  grown  with  its  growth,  and  prospered 
with  its  prosperity.  Among  the  more  prominent  of 
these,  are  the  gentlemen  composing  the  firm  of  which 
we  write.  They  had  faith,  and,  coupled  with  it,  energy, 
perseverance  and  integrity.  They  behold  the  fruits 
thereof  in  a  business  amounting  to  some  $2,000,000 
annually,  extending  throughout  the  West  and  North- 
west, requiring,  for  its  conduct,  a  small  army  of  work- 
men, clerks,  and  other  employees,  and  occupying  all 
the  floors  of  the  magnificent  building  located  at  Nos. 
29  and  31  Lake  street,  and  36  and  38  Wabash  avenue. 

Mr.  Bassett,  of  the  firm,  resides  at  Boston,  where, 
some  years  ago,  an  office  was  opened  in  connection 
with  the  establishment  in  this  city.  Mr.  B.  is  therefore 
personally  present  in  the  Eastern  market,  prepared  to 
take  advantage  of  the  fluctuations,  and  able,  with  the 
abundant  means  at  his  command,  to  buy  when  stock  is 
cheapest.  The  benefit  thus  derived  to  the  house  is  one 
which  it  is  well  disposed  to  share  with  its  patrons, 
selling  to  them  at  a  reasonable  advance  upon  a  very 
moderate  cost. 

Doggett,  Bassett  &  Hills  are  not  only  enterprising 
and  able  men  in  their  own  proper  business,  but  they 
are  among  the  leading  citizens  in  Chicago.  There  are 
few  enterprises  of  importance  which  have  been  set  on 
foot  in  our  city,  within  the  last  ten  years,  in  which  one 
or  other  of  the  partners,  or  the  house  itself,  has  not 
invested  some  capital!  And  better  still,  there  are  fewer 
of  our  noble  public  and  private  charities  which  have 
not  been  materially  assisted  by  these  same  gentlemen. 

The  united  sales  in  this  business  now  exceeds  fifteen 
millions.  The  number  of  Eastern  shoes  sold  in  this 


Home  Manufactures.  163 

market  annually  decreasing  in  the  ratio  of  the  capacity 
of  our  home  manufacture  to  supply  the  demand. 

The  manufactories  of  Chicago  are  very  considerable, 
taking  into  account  that  it  is  only  within  a  very  few 
years  that  the  attention  of  enterprising  men  of  sufficient 
capital  has  been  directed  to  building  up  a  manufactur- 
ing system  commensurate  with  the  requirements  of 
even  our  present  needs.  Still,  however,  a  noble  be- 
ginning has  been  made,  and  the  returns  of  last  year 
exhibit  over  one  thousand  manufactories  of  every 
description,  employing  a  capital  of  nearly  $30,000,000, 
the  estimated  value  of  whose  products  foot  up 
$70,000,000. 

CHICAGO  no  longer  depends  upon  the  New  York  and 
Boston  Brokers  for  her  supply  of  teas.  The  great  East 
India  Tea  Company,  whose  elegantly  appointed  stores 
are  located  at  No.  110  Clark  Street  and  83  State  Street, 
through  their  resident  agents  in  China  and  Japan, 
select  the  very  best  quality  of  the  new  crops  for  this 
market,  and  ship  direct  to  Chicago.  The  enterprise 
and  spirit  of  this  Company  was  notably  exemplified 
recently  ;  in  their  desire  to  have  the  honor  of  being  the 
first  direct  importers  from  beyond  the  Pacific,  their 
first  cargo  of  teas,  by  the  new  route  across  the  Conti- 
nent, was  carried,  by  teams,  a  distance  of  twenty  miles, 
to  connect  by  railway,  and  landed  in  Chicago  several 
weeks  ahead  of  the  final  completion  of  the  railroad. 
They  are  enabled  to  sell  these  choice  teas  at  New  York 
cash  prices. 

THE  FIRST  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  wall 
paper  was  started  by  Messrs.  M.  A.  Ho  well,  Jr.,  &  Co., 
whose  extensive  warerooms  are  located  at  Nos.  117  and 
119  State  street.  This  firm,  whose  print  works  are  at 
Marseilles,  in  this  State,  confine  themselves  exclusively 
to  a  wholesale  trade,  and  their  productions,  on  inspec- 
tion, will  be  found  to  embrace  the  whole  range  of  wall 
papers  and  window  shades,  from  the  cheapest  and 
plainest  to  the  most  costly  and  elaborate  designs  and 
patterns,  equal  to  any  imported  from  England  or 
France. 


164  Home  Manufactures. 

CALIFORNIA  WINES. — The  cultivation  of  the  grape 
on  this  continent,  after  many  experiments  and  some 
discouragements  has  become  a  successful  and  highly 
profitable  business,  and  now  whole  sections  of  the 
Pacific  coast  are  given  up  to  the  culture  of  the  vine. 
Until  very  recently  the  prejudice  against  native  wines 
was  very  great,  fashion  and  custom  decreeing  that  none 
but  imported  wines  were  worth  drinking.  But  now 
the  nicest  connoiseurs  confess,  that  the  California 
wines,  in  purity  and  delicacy  of  flavor,  exceed  any  of 
the  so-called  imported  wines  in  the  market.  Messrs. 
Perkins,  Stern  &  Co.,  the  founders  of  the  wine  trade  in 
California,  and  owners  of  many  extensive  vineyards, 
have  a  branch  house  in  Chicago,  at  Nos.  34  and  36  La 
Salle  street.  They  sell  nothing  but  the  pure,  genuine 
wines,  and  from  their  facilities  tor  securing  the  choicest 
products  of  the  State,  are  enabled  to  offer  superior  in- 
ducements to  parties  purchasing  at  wholesale. 

GENT'S  FURNISHING  HOUSE. — One  of  the  most  ele- 
gant and  complete  gents'  furnishing  establishments  in 
the  country  is  the  well  known  house  of  J.  H.  O'Brien, 
at  No.  88  Dearborn  street.  His  stock  is  always  com- 
plete in  every  department  in  his  line  of  goods.  His 
many  years  experience  in  the  business  and  large  capi- 
tal enables  him  to  command  the  markets  of  the  East, 
and  import  his  own  Irish  linens  and  French  lawns. 
All  the  materials  used  are  purchased  for  cash,  and 
manufactured  under  his  own  personal  supervision,  so 
that  any  person  studying  economy  may  safely  rely 
upon  the  prices  asked  being  as  moderate  as  any  New 
York  house. 

In  the  manufacture  of  shirts  Mr.  O'Brien  has  attained 
a  deserved  eminence.  Having  devoted  many  years  to 
the  study  of  this,  he  has  reduced  it  almost  to  a  science, 
well  knowing  that  no  gentleman  is  really  dressed  with- 
out a  well  fitting  shirt.  In  under-wear,  neck-ties,  sus- 
penders, shoulder  braces,  socks,  handkerchiefs,  and  all 
the  numerous  articles  which  go  to  make  up  the 
necessities  of  a  gentleman's  toilet  of  the  day  his 
stock  will  be  found  unsurpassed  in  variety,  quality, 
price,  and  fashion  in  Paris,  London,  or  elsewhere.  It 


Suburban  Villages.  165 

has  been,  for  years,  his  ambition  to  build  up  an  estab- 
lishment worthy  of  Chicago ;  that  as  she  excels  in 
most  things,  she  shall  not  be  distanced  by  any  city  in 
his  line  of  business.  That  he  has  succeeded  his  fellow 
citizens  well  know  and  appreciate,  and  strangers  will 
have  no  reason  to  go  elsewhere  to  be  perfectly  suited. 


SUBUKBAN  VILLAGES. 

THE  marvelous  advances  which  our  city  has  made  in 
the  extent  of  dimensions  has  only  been  characteristic 
of  its  rapidity  in  the  growth  of  business,  and  every 
suburban  town  established  is  the  living  evidence  of  the 
city's  material  prosperity,  and  the  citizen's  love  of 
home,  comfort,  and  pleasure.  We  notice  with  feelings 
of  pleasure  and  pride  the  establishment  of  towns,  vil- 
lages— nay,  almost  cities,  near  this  the  Metropolis  of 
the  West — all  the  best  proof  of  the  prosperity,  inde- 
pendence, and  comfort  of  our  people.  Already  Chi- 
cago has  established  on  every  side — save  only  where 
the  lake  marks  her  border — homes  for  her  business 
men. 

RAVENSWOOD. 

Such  is  the  pretty  and  attractive  name  chosen  for 
one  of  the  healthiest  and  most  attractive  of  the  subur- 
ban villages.  Ravenswood  is  situated  five  and  one 
half  miles  from  the  Court  House,  on  the  line  of  the 
Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  twenty  minutes  ride  from  the  depot,  and  is 
supplied  with  fourteen  passenger  trains  daily.  The 
land  is  eighteen  feet  above  the  level  of  the  North 
Branch,  capable  of  thorough  drainage,  and  is  beauti- 
fully diversified  with  oak  groves  and  evergreens,  the 
latter  being  plentifully  supplied  by  the  company  who 
offer  the  property  for  sale. 

The  tract  of  ground  composing  the  possessions  of  the 
company  includes  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
of  rich,  fertile,  and  easily  cultivated  soil,  formerly  well 
known  to  the  lovers  of  country  attractions  as  the  site 


166  Suburban  Villages. 

of  Wood's  Nursery.  Here,  we  may  note,  that  although 
little  notice  has  been  publicly  made  of  this  most  attrac- 
tive site,  the  gentlemen  owning  the  land  and  intended 
residents  are  among  the  most  prominent  and  influential 
of  our  citizens,  and  the  assured  evidences  of  its  future 
growth  have  been  so  far  developed,  that  already  a  post 
office  has  been  established,  and  the  railway  has  marked 
Ravenswood  among  its  regular  halting  places. 

We  can  give  no  better  guarantee  of  the  character 
and  selectness  of  the  enterprise  than  by  mentioning 
the  names  of  the  original  projectors.  These  are  Messrs. 
John  M.  Wilson,  C.  T.  Bowen,  L.  A.  Willard,  C.  P. 
Leland,  J.  H.  Kedzie,  L.  L.  Greenleaf,  Merrill  Ladd,  L. 
Hodges,  and  others.  These  gentlemen,  with  a  view  of 
establishing  a  worthy  suburban  home,  combining  the 
pleasures  and  comforts  of  country  life  with  ready 
access  to  city  business,  became  the  purchasers  of  this 
really  beautiful  site.  Nearly  all  of  them  have  reserved 
for  themselves  elegant,  lots,  as  the  seats  of  homes  soon 
to  be  established.  The  officers  of  the  company  are 
Daniel  A.  Jones,  President;  L.  L.  Greenleaf,  Vice 
President ;  J.  H.  Kedzie  and  C.  T.  Bowen,  Trustees. 

The  town  is  most  beautifully  laid  off,  intersected  by 
avenues  eighty  feet  in  width,  and  alleys  of  twenty  feet 
width.  Groves  of  beautiful  foliage  adorn  the  premises, 
as  a  natural  growth,  and  cultivation  has  added  most 
abundantly  to  the  inviting  spot.  The  ready  accessi- 
bility to  Ravenswood  constitutes  one  of  its  not  least 
inviting  features.  In  addition  to  the  railway  commu- 
nication, the  "dummy "on  the  North  Chicago  City 
railroad  runs  very  near  the  site.  On  the  west  of  the 
tract,  and  very  near  the  same,  is  Lincoln  avenue,  a 
thoroughly  well  graded  road,  and  very  near,  on  the 
east,  is  the  Green  Bay  road.  From  Lincoln  Park  to 
Ravenswood,  on  the  Green  Bay  road,  is  an  inviting 
drive. 

The  village  of  Ravenswood  is  already  laid  off  into 
lots  of  fifty  feet  frontage,  with  a  depth  of  160  to  170 
feet,  with,  as  has  been  said,  streets  of  eighty  feet  width 
and  alleys  of  twenty  feet  width,  intersecting.  Each  lot 
is  tastefully  adorned  with  trees,  evergreens,  and  shub- 
bery,  and  no  lot  will  be  sold  unless  the  purchaser  con- 


Suburban  Villages.  167 

sents  to  such  adornment  and  culture.  In  the  center  of 
the  tract,  and  hiding  the  railway  track  from  obtrusive 
seeming,  is  Ravens  wood  Park,  on  either  side  of  which 
are  most  beautiful  and  elegant  evergreens  of  gigantic 
growth.  Broad  avenues  extend  in  either  direction 
through  the  village,  leading  from  Lincoln  avenue  to 
the  Green  Bay  road,  or  to  the  u  dummy  "  on  the  street 
railway,  each  street  being  lined  with  trees  and  ever- 
greens. Every  purchaser  of  a  lot  is  furnished  by  the 
company  with  trees  ornamental,  and  fruit  trees  and 
shrubbery,  for  the  adornment  of  the  grounds,  and  to 
insure  the  pleasures  of  a  country  home.  The  company 
have  about  fifty  thousand  evergreen  trees  in  the 
ground,  and  are  now  ready  to  dispose  of  the  surplus 
quantity. 

Messrs.  Hodges  and  Van  Allen,  real  estate  agents, 
No.  152  Madison  street,  are  the  agents  for  the  sale  of 
the  property,  Mr.  Hodges  beina:  the  actual  manager 
of  the  company.  An  inspection  of  the  grounds  will 
amply  repay  a  visit. 

WASHINGTON  HEIGHTS. 

Among  the  many  suburban  places  around  Chicago 
there  is  no  one  more  attractive  than  the  new  one  just 
laid  out  on  the  north  end  of  what  is  known  as  Blue 
Island,  a  well  timbered  ridge  of  the  highest  elevation 
of  any  land  within  twenty  miles  of  Chicago.  This 
new  place  is  called  Washington  Heights,  and  is  at  the 
junction  (or  near  it)  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific,  and  the  Chicago,  Columbus,  and  Indiana  Cen- 
tral railroads.  The  Rock  Island  road  managers  are 
now  grading  another  road  right  through  the  heart  of 
this  tract  ofland,  on  which  they  are  going  to  run  their 
dummy  train  immediately,  which  will  leave  the  depot 
of  the  R;)ck  Island  road,  on  Van  Buren,  opposite  La 
Salle  street,  every  hour  of  the  day,  and  will  make  the 
fastest  time  of  any  accommodation  train  out  of  Chicago, 
making  the  timu  from  Chicago  to  Washington  Heights 
in  thirty-five  minutos.  Eleg.int  cars  are  already  made, 
on  purpose  to  accommodate  the  rural  loving  public  on 
this  route,  and  will  be  placed  on  the  road  as  soon  as 
the  dummy  track  is  ready.  The  fare  will  be  lower 


168  Suburban 

than  on  any  other  road  running  out  of  the  city.  The 
Chicago,  Columbus,  and  Indiana  Central  road  are 
already  running*  a  dummy  tw  and  past  Washington 
Heights  three  times  each  day,  at  a  fare  of  seventeen 
cents  for  commutation  tickets,  besides  all  the  retrulnr 
passenger  and  freight  trains  stop  at  the  crossing  of  the 
above  roads,  right  in  the  center  of  this  tract  of  land, 
and  the  fare  has  recentty  been  reduced  to  a  low  figure 
on  all  the  trains.  These  facilities  for  getting  in  and 
out  of  the  city  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night, 
together  with  the  high  and  beautiful  wooded  land 
which  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  city  and  Lake 
Michigan,  will  make  Washington  Heights  one  of  our 
most  attractive  suburbs.  The  facilities  for  getting 
there  by  carriage  are  also  fine,  as  Halsted  street  is 
already  graveled  within  one  mile  of  the  place,  and  will, 
with  the  old  Vincennes  road,  in  which  Halsted  street 
terminates,  be  graveled  to  Washington  Heights  the 
coming  season. 

The  company  owning  this  new  place  is  called  the 
Blue  Island  Land  and  Building  company,  and  received 
their  charter  the  past  winter.  The  officers  are:  F.  H. 
Winston,  Esq.,  President,  and  Ueorge  D.  Walker,  Esq., 
Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Among  the  principal  stock- 
holders are  Hon.  John  F.  Tracy,  President  Rock  Island 
railroad  ;  F.  H.  Winston,  Esq.,  Attorney  for  said  road ; 
Charles  H.  Walker,  Esq. ;  John  B.  Lyon,  Esq. ;  Thos. 
8.  Dobbins,  Esq. ;  L.  P.  Hilliard,  Esq. ;  Charles  W. 
Weston,  Esq. ;  Charles  H.  Hopkinson,  Esq  ,  and  Jas. 
Millikm,  Esq.,  banker,  of  Decatur,  111.  Messrs.  Clarke, 
Layton  &  Co.  are  the  business  managers. 

Fine  grounds  are  now  being  fitted  up  for  picnic  par- 
ties, free  of  cost  to  the  public,  and  accommodations  by 
railroad  for  the  same  can  be  had  at  any  time.  Beauti- 
ful wide  avenues  are  now  being  constructed  by  the 
company,  and  the  tract  is  being  artistically  laid  off  in 
five  and  ten  acre  lots,  by  Col.  J.  F.  Foster,  engineer 
and  landscape  surveyor. 

ENQLEWOOD. 

Englewood  continues  to  attract  the  attention  of  real 
estate  dealers  and  business  men  in  this  city  generally. 


Suburban  Villages.  169 

There  are  three  reasons  for  this,  the  main  one  being 
that  Englewood  is  naturally  a  delightful  residence  spot, 
surrounded  by  beautiful  groves,  just  the  place  for  the 
man  of  business  to  build  his  residence,  where  he  may 
enjoy  the  pleasures  of  country  surroundings,  fresh  air, 
shady  groves,  green  grass  for  his  children,  and  ground 
for  flower?  and  gardens  —  in  fact,  a  place  in  which  to 
build  a  perfect  rus  in  urbe  —  at  a  distance  of  only  six 
miles  from  the  city.  And  this  last  is  the  second  reason 
for  the  popularity  of  Englewood.  It  is  only  half  an 
hour  from  the  business  centre  of  the  city,  by  any  one 
of  three  roads,  and  its  facilities  of  communication  are 
being  increased  every  day.  The  third  reason  is,  the 
inhabitants  of  the  place  are  enterprising,  live  men,  who 
are  determined  to  do  all  they  can  to  second  nature  in 
making  Englewood  an  agreeable  and  comfortable  resi- 
dence. They  are  gathering  around  them  institutions 
of  learning  of  the  very  highest  class,  and  otherwise 
leaving  no  stone  unturned  to  attract  residents  to  their 
village. 

A  very  valuable  tract  of  land,  situated  in  this  enter- 
prising suburb,  has  recently  been  put  on  the  market 
by  Mr.  J.  P.  White,  of  No.  152  Madison  street.  This 
tract  consists  of  thirty-five  acres,  is  known  as  the 
Dickey  tract,  having  formerly  been  the  property  of 
Judge' Dickey,  and  is  designated  as  the  east  thirty-five 
acres  of  the  north  seventy  acres  of  the  northwest 
quarter  of  section  21,  town  39,  range  14  east.  It  is 
three  blocks  west  of  the  Rock  Island,  Michigan  South- 
ern, and  Fort  Wayne  railroads,  just  west  of  the  Female 
College,  and  three  blocks  north  of  the  Normal  School 
tract,  comprising  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  tract 
marked  on  the  map  as  Linden  Grove.  The  lots  are 
among  the  finest  effered  any  where  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Chicago.  Liberal  inducements  will  be  offered 
to  persons  desirous  of  obtaining  permanent  building 
sites. 

HYDE  PARK. 

THE  village  of  Hyde  Park  is  the  oldest  of  the  sub- 
urban villages  of  Chicago,  having  been  laid  out  in 
1853.  It  now  contains  a  population  of  about  2,000  in- 


170  Suburban  Villages. 

habitants.  It  is  about  six  miles  south  from  the  Court 
House,  on  the  lake  shore,  and  is  reached  by  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  trains  running  every  hour  from  the 
depot,  foot  of  Lake  street.  Its  contiguity  to  the  city, 
and  facility  of  access,  has  made  Hyde  Park  the  favor- 
ite suburb  of  Chicago.  In  1856  Mr.  Paul  Cornell  erec- 
ted a  handsome  and  spacious  hotel,  which  is  conducted 
in  every  respect  equal  to  the  first  hotel  in  the  city. 
During  the  summer  time  this  is  a  favorite  resort,  and 
Hyde  Park  is  fast  becoming  to  Chicago  what  Nahant 
is  to  Boston.  There  are  m  my  very  elegant  residences 
erected  here,  and  the  gardens  and  grounds  exhibit  the 
taste  of  a  refined  and  cultivated  community.  There 
are  several  churches,  and  both  public  and  private 
schools,  The  South-side  Park  and  Boulevards  will 
add  considerably  to  the  attractions  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
very  materially  advance  the  value  of  real  estate.  W. 
H.  Hoyt  &  Sou,  of  this  city,  will  furnish  every  infor- 
mation with  regard  to  real  estate  in  Hyde  Park. 

THE  VILLAGE  OF  JEFFERSON. 

THIS  little  town,  comparatively  unknown  as  yet,  is 
destined  to  become  one  of  the  finest  in  the  vicinity  of 
Chicago,  situated  only  eight  miles  from  the  Court 
House,  and  two  miles  from  the  city  limit,  on  the  North- 
western Railroad.  Trains  pass  this  station  almost 
every  hour.  Tuis  point  is  the  terminus  of  a  number 
of  roads,  centering  here  from  the  surrounding  rich  and 
delightful  country;  one  of  these  running  in  a  due  line 
eastward  directly  to  the  Lake,  a  distance  of  about  three 
miles.  Milwaukee  avenue,  one  of  the  finest  drives 
leading  out  of  Chicago,  also  passes  through  this  town. 
Along  the  avenue  there  are  many  fine  country  resi- 
dences, surrounded  by  beautiful  gardens,  filled  in  their 
season  with  every  kind  of  fruit,  flowers,  evergreens, 
and  every  thing  that  the  eye  delights  to  feast  upon, 
making  this  one  of  the  most  pleasing  drives  out  of 
Chicago.  The  village  is  located  upon  ground  far  above 
the  Lake,  thereby  rendering  it  an  exception  to  most  of 
the  suburban  towns  in  the  vicinity  of  Chicago. 

Of  late  several  gentlemen,  having  had  their  attention 


Suburban  Villages.  171 

called  to  these  superior  natural  advantages,  have  made 
investments  here,  with  the  view  to  greatly  improve  the 
the  town,  and  render  it  one  of  the  choicest  and  most 
desirable  places  for  country  residence,  especially  so  for 
the  laboring  men  of  Chicago.  The  number  of  trains, 
reduction  of  the  fare,  cheapness  of  rents,  and  the  low- 
price  at  which  lots  can  be  bought,  must  soon  bring  the 
town  into  general  notice.  Churches  of  different  denom- 
inations are  already  planted  here,  schools  established, 
with  the  necessary  hotels  and  stores,  thereby  affording 
every  necessary  convenience. 

There  is  not  a  laboring  man  in  Chicago  who  is  not 
able  to  secure  a  home  in  this  most  delightful  village 
and  pay  for  it  out  of  his  daily  wages  in  a  short  time. 
Would  it  not  be  wise,  then,  for  all  these  parties  to  duly 
consider  this  question  before  the  speculative  spirit  of 
Chicago  has  monopolized  these  now  golden  oppor- 
tunities. 

Further  inquiries  will  be  answered  by  inquirinfi  of 
Graham,  Perry  &  Co.,  Room  8  Major  Block,  corner 
LaSalle  and  Madison  streets. 

EVANSTON 

Is  a  delightful  and  prosperous  town  situated  on  the 
Milwaukee  branch  of  the  Northwestern  railroad,  twelve 
miles  from  the  city.  It  was  originally  laid  out  by  Dr. 
Evans,  now  Governor  of  Colorada.  'It  is  the  seat  of 
several  eminent  institutions  of  learning,  among  others 
the  Northwestern  Methodist  Episcopal  University,  the 
Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  and  several  schools  and  sem- 
inaries of  excellent  repute.  Many  of  the  leading  and 
wealthy  citizens  of  Chicago  have  built  elegant  man- 
sions, and  here  reside  with  their  families.  Situated  on 
a  high  ridge,  commanding  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
lake  and  surrounding  country,  no  more  desirable 
place  can  be  selected  for  a  suburban  home.  The  social 
intercourse  is  refined  and  high  toned,  and  the  educa- 
tional advantages  unequaled.  Some  choice  lots  can 
still  be  secured.  James  M.  Kerr  &  Son,  Morrison 
block,  on  Clark  street,  real  estate  dealers,  will  furnish 
every  information  to  parties  desiring  to  locate  in  this 
beautiful  suburb. 


CLASSIFIED  LIST 

or 

FIRST-CLASS  BUSINESS  HOUSES  IN  CHICAGO. 


IN  the  following  list  we  present  the  names  of  none 
but  first-class  houses  in  their  respective  lines  of  busi- 
ness. The  stranger  visiting  the  city  may  rely  with 
implicit  confidence  upon  the  representations  made  to 
him  by  any  of  the  houses  embraced  in  the  list.  The 
figures  in  the  last  column  indicate  the  page  upon  wnich 
the  card  of  the  house  is  printed  in  this  book. 

Academy. 

Christian  Brothers,  99  Van  Buren  street 74 

Adding  Machine. 

Waite,  Charles,  Jr.,  94  Washington  street 8 

Architect*. 
Boyington,  W.  W.,  Washington,  N.  W.  cor.  Dearborn  street  .  ...  146 

Winchell,  John  K.,  129  Dearborn  street 206 

Art  Galleries. 

Carbutt,  John,  24  Washington  street 209 

Hovey  and  Heffron ,  58  and  55  State  street 145 

O'Brien,  M..  51  State  street 147 

Mclntyre,  Peck  &  Co.,  136  State  street 8,  151 

Opera  House,  Washington,  near  State  street 203 

Attorneys  at  Law. 

Glyini  A  Gilbert,  8  Tribune  Building 206 

Awnings,  Tents,  Tarpaulins,  Etc. 

Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co. ,  205  and  207  S.  Water  street 181 

Baking  Powders. 

Royal  Baking  Powder  Co.,  Agency  185  S.  Water  street 193 

Banks  and  Bankers. 

First  National  Bank,  State,  S.  W.  cor.  Washington  street 108 

Greenelmura,  Henry  A  Co.,  Lake,  S.  W.  cor.  La  Salle  street 184 

Hibernian  Banking  Association.  Lake,  S.  W.  cor.  Clark 18* 

National  Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  La  Salle,  cor.  Washington  street..  184 

Smith,  George  C.  &  Bro.,  La  Salle,  cor.  Washington  street 184 

The  Marine  Company  of  Chicago,  Lake,  cor.  La  Salle  struct 185 


174  Business  Houses. 

VanDeursen,  W.  P.  A  Co,.  106  La  Salle  street 182 

Window,  Ferd.  S.,  2  S.  Clark  street 186 

Boot  and  Shoe  Manufacturers. 
Dogpett,   Bassett  tt  Hills,  29  and  81    Lake  st.    and  86  and  88 

Wabash  av 161,  180 

Breioeries. 

Sands'  Ale  Brewing  Co. ,  Pearson ,  cor.  Pine  St 194 

California  Wines. 

Perkins,  Stern  &  Co,84and86La  Salle  street 190 

Clothing. 

Belding,  G.  T.,  96  and  98  Randolph 2W 

Commission  Merchants. 

Scanlan  A  Fitzgibbon,  (General)  191  S.  Water  street 204 

Sturges,  McAllister  &  Co.,  (Wooien  and  Cotton   Goods)  80  and  82 

Wabash  av 216 

Confectionery  Manufacturers. 

Page,  M.  E.  4  Co. ,  24  Michigan  ar 203 

Scanlan  Bros.  A  Colburn,  78  SHate  street 204 

Dry  Good*,   Wholesale. 

Farwell,  John  V.  A  Co.,  42,  44  and  46  Wabash  avenue 221 

Field,  Palmer  &  Leiter,  Stnte,  N.  E.  cor.  Washington  street 159 

Bowen,  Whitman  &  Winslow 219 

Druggists,  Wholesale. 

Dwyer.  E.  P.  A  Co.,  92  and  94  Lake  street 18 

Lord  A  Smith 217 

Engravers  on  Wood. 

Maas  A  Mantz,  Reynolds' Block  208 

European  Freight  Express. 

Webster's  Express,  Chamber  of  Commerce 187 

European  Passage  Offices. 

Green cbaum,  H.  A  Co.,  La  Salie,  cor.  Lake  street 184 

Hibernian  Banking  Association,  Lake,  S.  W.  cor.  Clark  street....  188 

Rowe,  S.,  Adams  House,  Lake,  N.  W.  cor.  Michigan  avenue 190 

Winslow,  Ferd.  S.,28.  Clark  street 186 

Fancy  Groceries. 

Scanlan  Bros.  A  Colburn,  73  State  street 204 

Fine  Art  Goods. 

Mclntyre,  Peck  A  Co.,  186  State  street 8 

O'Brien,  M., 51  State  street 147 

Fire  Extinguisher. 

Northwestern  Fire  Extinguisher  Co.,  122  Washington  street 207 

Foreign  Exchange  Dealers. 

Greenebauro,  Henry  A  Co.,  Lake,  cor.  Lasalle  street 184 

National  Loan  A  Trust  Co.,  La  Salle,  cor.  Washington  street 184 

The  Marine  Company  of  Chicago,  Lake,  cor.  La  Salle  street 185 

Winslow, Ferd.  S.,28.  Clark  street 186 


business  Houses.  175 

Freight  Agents. 

Walsh,  J.  &  Co.,  Chamber  of  Commerce 187 

Gents'  Furnishing  Good*. 

WHkowsky.  D.  Sr. ,  64  and  6(»  Randolph  and  66,  69  and  TO  State  at.  181 
Growers,   Wholesale, 

Doane,  J.  W.  A  Co.,  49  and  51  Michigan  avenue  198 

Hardware,  General  and  Building. 

Wayne,  J.  L.  &  Son,  190  Lake  street  203 

Hats,  Caps  and  Furs. 

Keith  Brothers 218 

Hotel*. 

Briggs  House,  Randolph,  cor.  Wells  street 138 

Laclede  Hotel,  W    Madison,  cor.  Canal  street 198 

Tremont  House,  Dearborn  and  Lake  streets 137 

India,  Pale  Ale  and  Lager- Beer  Brewers. 

Sands' Ale  Brewing  Co.,  Pears  >n, cor.  Pine  street 196 

Insurance  Companies. 

Commercial  Insurance  Company,  Ifi2  Washington  street Ill 

Home  Insurance  Company,  Pope's  Block 11!) 

Merchants  Insurance  Company,  La  Salle,  cor.  Washington  st.105,  110 

Putnam  Life  Insurance  Company 115 

Republic  Insurance  Company 117 

Phoenii  Insurance  Company 118 

Firemens  Insurance  Company,  La  Salle.  cor.  Washington  street  ..  114 

Washington  Life,  La  Salle,  cor.  Washington  street 117 

Labor  Exchange. 

Hunter*  Wood,  92  Randolph  street 197 

Medical  Institutes.  ' 

Chicago  Hotel  for  Invalids,  S.  Clark,  cor.  Jackson  street 99 

Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Reynolds  Block     100 

Dr.  Justin  Hayes 98 

Dr.  Trine's  Movement  Cure,  13<>  State  street 195 

Mf.rc.hant  Taihrs 

fielding,  G.  T.  &  Co. ,  96  and  98  Randolph  street 200 

Brown  &  Matthews,  93  Wabash  avenue..   180 

Witkowsky,   D.,   Sr.,   64  and  66  Randolph,    and   66,  68   and   70 

State  streets 214 

Ocean  Steamship  Lines. 

Allan  Line,  (Ferd.  S.  Winslbw,  Agent)  2  S.  Clark  street 186 

Cunard  Line,  office  Adams  House,  Lake  st.  cor.  Michigan  avenue.  190 

National  Steamship  Line,  16  Chamber  of  Commerce 187 

Paints.  Oils  and  Glass. 

Dwyer,  E.  P.  A  Co.,  92  and  94  Lake  street 18 

Parlor  Billiard  Tables. 

Mclntyre,  Peck  &  Co.,  186  State  street 8 

Pawnbrokers. 

Goldsmid,  A.  &  Co..  281  Clark  street 216 


176  Business  Houses. 

Photograph  Galleries. 

Carbutt's,  24  Washington  street 209 

Hall's,  122  Lake  street 210 

Piano  Forle  Dealer*. 

Sea,  S.  W.  A  Co.,  Portland  Block 211 

Planing  MM. 

Russell,  S.  I.,  Fulton,  near  Jefferson  street 155 

Produce  and  Comminnion  Merchant*. 

Bcanlan*  Pitzgibbon,  191  S.  Water  street 204 

Railway  and  Transportation  Lines. 
Michigan  Southern  R.   R.,   Ticket  office   under  Sherman   House; 

Depot,  Van  Buren,  opposite  La  Sal! e  street 183 

Goodrich  Line,  Office,  dock  below  Rush  street  bridge 195,  191 

Union  Pacific  Railroad,  72  La  Salle  street 189 

Real  Estate  Dealer*. 

Averill,  J.  A.,  7  Metropolitan  Block 215 

Baird  &  Bradley,  90  La  Salle  street 6 

Banker,  Bros.  &  Greene,  181  La  SaMe  street • 

Boyden,  N.  B. ,  106  Madison  street 206 

Boyden  &  Grierson,  94  La  Salle  street 4 

Bragg,  P.  A.  &  Co. ,  12.1  Dearborn  street 208 

Burchell,  J.  E.  &  Co.,  122  Washingt  -n  street 207 

Chandler,  J.  B. ,  125  Dearborn  street .• 208 

Clark,  Streeter  &  Co.,  122  Washington  street 7 

Clarke,  Layton  A  Co.,  128  Washington  street 2 

De  Loynes  &   Parent,  2  .Major  Block 

Gaubert,  C.  H.  A  Co.,  144  Madison  street 

Givins  A  Gilbert,  8  Tribune  Kuildin- 206 

Graham,  Perry  A  Co.,  Major  Block 2:8 

Higginson,  G.  M. .  7  Metropolitan  Block 215 

Hitt,  Hardin  A  Hitt,  10  Tribune  Building 206 

Hodges  A  Van  Allen,  Major  Block 107 

Hubb.,rd  A  Jackson,  12!  Dearborn  street 215 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Land  Department,  53  Michigan  avenue 223 

Kerfoot.S.  H.  A  Co.,  71  Dearborn  street     219 

Kerfoot,  W.  D.,  87  Washington  street Back  cover 

Kerr,  J.  M.  A  Son.  Morrison  Block  169 

Kinzie  Bros.,  104  Madison  street  8 

Mann  A  Day,  17  Tribune  Building 195 

Norris,  G.  H.  A  Co.,  128  Lake  street .  211 

Olinger,  Waller  A  Co.,  7   Union  Building 8 

Phare,  W.  H.  A  Co.,  115  Dearborn  street 12 

Rice  A  Wad9w>rth,  87  Washington  street -"'- 

Scoville  A  Harvey,  1  Metropolitan  Block 220 

Pnyder  A  Lee,  4  Metropolitan  Block 5 

White,  J.  P.,  152  Madison  street 168 

Waite,  Geo.  W.  A  Son    9  Tribune  Building 215 

Warren  A  Goodrich,  125  Dearborn  street 6 

lteata.urai»ts. 

Collins  A  McGuire,  119  Dearborn  street 139 

Smith  and  Odlin,  81  Clark  street 141 


Business  Houses.  177 

Savings"  Banks. 

Hibernian  Banking  Association,  Lake,  S.  W.  cor.  Clark  street....  183 
Merchant's,  Farmer's  and  Mechanic's  Bank,  13  Clark  street 105 

Scales  and  Balances. 

Fairbanks',  226  and  228  Lake  street 211 

Sampson  Scale  Co.,  Lake,  N.  W.  cor.  La  Salle  street 212 

School  Furniture. 

Andrews,  A.  II.  &  Co  ,  111  State  street 18 

Ship  Chandlers. 

Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co. ,  205  and  20T  S.  Water  street 181 

Tea  and  Coffee.  Importer «. 

East  India  Tea  Company,  83  State  and  116  Clark  streets 163,  216 

Theatre. 

Aiken's  Dearborn  Theatre  . .     105 

Ticket  Offices. 

Rowe,  8.,  Adams  House,  Lake,  cor.  Michigan  avenue 190 

Tintypes  and  ferrotypes. 

Hall's  Gallery,  122  Lake  street 210 

Transfer  and  Shipping  Agent. 

Walsh,  J.  A  Co.,  16  Chamber  of  Commerce  198 

Transportation  Company. 
Goodrich  Transportation  Co.,  Office  on   Docks,  below  Rush  street 

bridge 191,  193 

Webster's  European  Freight  Line,  16  Chamber  of  Commerce 187 

Twines  and  Cordage. 

Gilbert  Hubbard  &  Co.,  205  and  "207  S.  Water  street 181 

Vinegar  Manufacturers. 

Trussing,  C.  G.  E.,  339  and  341  State  street. 193 

Weigle,  Fred.,  189  and  191  S.  Canal  street   204 

Wall  Paper  Manufacturers. 

Howell,  M.  A.  Jr.,  &  Co.,  117  and  119   Wabash  avenue 179 

Watches  and  Jewelry. 

Tobin,  B.  F.,   135  Clark  street 169 

Water  and  Gas  Pipe  Manufactories. 

Walworth,  Twohig  &  Furse,  225  Lake  street 195 

Wines  and  Liquors. 

Mann,  Shears  &  Co.,  53  S.  Water  street 196 

Myers,  Sam'l  &  Co. ,  268  and  270  Madison  street 204 

Woolen  and  Cotton  Goods,  Commission. 

Sturgis,  McAllister  &  Co.,  80  and  82  Wabash  avenue 216 

Wool  Dealers,  Commission. 

Sturgis,  McAllister  &  Co. ,  80  and  82  Wabash  avenue 216 

Wrought  Iron  and  Brass  Tubing,  etc. 
Walworth,  Twohig  A  Furse,  225  Lake  street 159 


C.  H.  GAUBERT  &  Co., 

REAL   ESTATE 


AND 


LOAN    AGENTS, 

Room  i,  Stone's  Building,  144  Madison  Street^ 
CHICAGO,   ILLS. 


HOUSES  AND  LOTS  BOUGHT  AND  SOLD 

ON   COMMISSION. 

LOANS  NEGOTIATED.          HOUSES  RENTED. 

RENTS  COLLECTED. 
TAXES    PAID    FOR    NON-RESIDENTS. 

Prompt  and  reliable  information  given. 


We  invite    Corretpondence  and  Inquiry   fcrtonatty   or 
by  Letter. 


We  have  a  large  list  of  VALUABLE  PROPERTY  FOR 
SALE,  to  which  the  attention  of  the  public  is  respect- 
fully directed. 


C.   H.   GAUBERT  &  CO. 

178 


ESTABLISHED    IN    NEW    YORK,    1838. 


I.  A.  HOf  ELL,  Jr.,  &  CO., 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


WALL  PAPER 


The  only  Print  Works  in  the  West. 


WAREHOUSE : 


117  and  119  State  Street,  CHICAGO, 


PRINT  WORKS  AT  MARSEILLES,  ILL. 
179 


Doggett,  Bassett  &  Hills, 

MANUFACTURERS   AND  JOBBERS   OF 

BOOTS  &  SHOES, 

Have  now  received  their  NEW  SPRING  STOCK,  which 

they  offer  to  the  Trade  at  the  LOWEST 

MARKET  PRICES. 


BTASrUFACTUSE   Iff   CHICAGO 

Custom-Made  Boots  and  Shoes  of  Superior  Quality, 

And  keep  on  hand  the  LARGEST  STOCK  of  Goods  in 
their  line  to  be  found  in  the  West. 


FACTORY  AND  SALESROOMS: 

29  i  31  Lake  St.,  and  36  k  38  Waksh  AY.,    CHICAGO. 


ORDERS CAKEPULLY  ATTENDED  TO. 

Brown  &  Mat  hews, 

MERCHANT  TAILORS, 


IMPORTERS  OF 


FINE  WOOLENS  FOR  MEN'S  WEAR, 
ISTo.    93 


CHICAGO,  ILL. 

180 


G.   HUBBARD. 


GKO.   B.   CARPENTER, 


GILBERT  HUBBARD  &  CO., 


SHIP    CHANDLERS 

AND   DEALERS   IN 

TWINES    AND    CORDAGE, 

205  &  207  South  Water  St.,  CHICAGO. 

We  would  call  particular  attention  of  the  Trade  to  our  Stock,  as  we 
at  all  times  have  the  largest  and  best  assortment  in  the  West  of 

Cotton  and  Flax  Duck,  all  Widths, 

DITCHING  ROPES,  MANILLA  AND  TARRED  ROPE, 

Bags,  Bagging,  Burlaps,  Canvas,  Oakum,  Tar,  Pitch,  Tackle  Blocks. 
Chains,  Coal  Tar,  Hoofing  Pitch  and  Felting. 

WBKE  R®e*g,  enriQ&ti  mm  ®m  STIIL, 

FOR   MINING,   HOISTING,   OR   FERRY   PURPOSES. 

Tents  of    every    kind.    Tarpaulins*  Awnings,    Wagon 
Cavers  of   Plain    or   Rubber-Coated    Duck. 

3F«   JLt  -A.   C3r   S    I 

Of  Silk  or  Bunting,  as  per  Army  Regulations,  constantly  on  hand 
or  made  to  order. 

181 


W.  P.  YAK  DEURBEN  &  Co.,  SWAN  ft  PATSOJT, 

Chicago,  III.  50  Wall  St.,  Ar,  Y. 

W.  P.  VAN  DEURSEN  &  CO., 

BANKERS  AND  BROKERS 

100  lL.a&£tlle   .-*!-.,        CHICAGO. 


50  Wall  Street,  New  York, 
BUY  AND  SELL,   ON  COMMISSION, 

Railroad  Stocks,  Bonds,  Government 
Securities,   Gold,    Express,   Tele- 
graph and  Miscellaneous 
Stocks,  at  the 

STOCK  EXCHANGE  IN  NEW  YORK, 

ON    MARGINS, 

Al  NEW  YORK  BATES  OP  COMMISSION  AND  INTEREST. 


NOTES. 

Acceptances  or  other  obligations  paid  by  telegraph  the 

same  day  in  New  York  that  Deposit  is  made 

with  them  in  Chicago. 


182 


HIBERNIAN 

BANKING  ASSOCIATION 

SAVINGS    BANK, 


Southwest  Corner  Lake  and  Clark  Sts,,     -     CHICAGO. 


Kvct-lve  Money  on  Deposit  and  allow  Interest  thereon. 
FOREIGN  EXCHANGE. 

Drafts  on  the  HIBERNTA  BANK  of  Ireland,  and  its  Branches,  In  sums 
to  suit,  of  £1  Sterling  and  upwards. 

PASSAGE  TICKETS  issued  to  and  from  all  points  in  Europe. 
OFFICE  HOURS  :— 10  a.m.  to  8  p.m.  ;    also,  Saturdays,  6  to  8  p.m. 

183 


NATIONAL  LOAN  &  TRUST  COMPANY, 


Oonrt  House  Square,  cor,  LaSalle  and  Washington  Sts,, 

CHICAOO. 
CEO.    C.    SMITH    &.    BRO., 

SAME   OFFICE. 

SPECIALTY    OF    COLLECTINGS 
BANK   OF   DEPOSIT  &  DISCOUNT. 

FOREIGN    EXCHANGE. 


WE    DRAW    ON 

England,  France,  Sweden,  Norway,  Denmark  ;  in  Germany,  on  Prank- 
fort,  Stuttgart,  Leipzig,  Berlin,  Bremen,  Cologne. 

Letters  of  Credit  for  Travelers  on  the  American  House  of  DREXEL, 
HARJES  &  CO.,  Paris. 

GOLD  DBAFTS  ON  NEW  YORK  AND  CANADA. 


HENRY  GREENEBAUM&  CO. 


THE  OLDEST  ESTABLISHED  BANKING  HOUSE 
IN    CHICAGO. 

We  transact  a  legitimate  Banking  Business,   Receive  Deposits  on 
Current  Accounts,  Discount  to   Depositors  at  bank  rates,  and  issue 

DRAFTS  AND  LETTERS  OP  CREDIT 

On  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis 
and  Milwaukee  ;  also  on  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  and  the  principal  cities 
in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Norway  and  Sweden,  Holland,  France, 
Italy,  Switzerland  and  Germany.  Issue  Passage  Orders  from  and  to 
all  European  Ports,  by  Steam  and  Sailing  Vessels. 

We  shall  be  happy  to  receive  applications  from  responsible  parties 
at  all  desirable  points  to  enter  into  arrangements  with  us  for  the  sale 
of  our  Exchange  on  our  correspondents  abroad. 

Travelers  to  Europe  can  procure  of  the  undersigned  LETTERS  OF 
CREDIT  available  throughout  England,  France,  Germany,  Switzer- 
land, Italy,  etc.,  thus  incurring  the  expense  of  premium  on  gold  only 
on  the  amount  actually  used  while  abroad. 

184 


THE  MARINE  COMPANY 

OF    CHICAGO. 

Office,  Cor.  Lake  and  La  Salle  Sts. 


CAPITAL,  ...         $500,000. 

ASSETS,  ...  $507,434.27. 


J,  YOUNG  SOAMMON,  President, 
JOHN  M,  UNDERWOOD,  Vice-Prea, 

SAMUEL  S,  ROGERS,  Secretary, 

EUGENE  0,  LONG,  Treasurer, 


GENERAL  BANKING  AND  EXCHANGE. 

Allow  interest  on  Savings  and  Trust  Deposits. 

Sell  Drafts  for  £1  and  over  on  LONDON;  also  on  the  following 

Cities  and  Towns  in  Ireland,  viz  i 

DUBLIN,    CORK,    LIMERICK,    LONDONDERRY,    BELFAST, 

WATERFORD,  GAL  WAY,  ATHLONE,  KILKENNY, 

BALLINA  AND  ENNISKILLEN. 

DRAW    ALSO  ON 

PARIS,      BERLIN,      FRANKFORT,      HAMBURG,      BREMEN, 

GENEVA,   BASLE,    ZURICH,  COLOGNE, 

AND   KCENIG8BERG. 

Persons  proposing  to  visit  Europe,  Egypt,  or  the 
Holy  Land,  can  make  as  satisfactory  arrangements  for 
Letters  of  Credit  with  this  institution  as  at  the  East. 
ROBERT  REID,  Manager. 
185 


OCEAN    STEAMSHIPS. 


ALLAN  LINE 

OF    OCEAN     STEAMERS. 

The  Montreal  Ocean  Steamship  Company's 

POWERFUL  MAIL  STEAMERS, 

Sailing  Every  Saturday 

FROM    QUEBEC    FOR    LIVERPOOL, 

Calling  at  Londonderry  to  land  passengers  and  mails.  Eighteen  first- 
class  Steamers.  Most  direct  and  convenient  route  for  travelers  to 
Europe. 

Railway  fare  to  Quebec  same  as  to  New  York.  Fare  from  Quebec  to 
Liverpool,  first-class,  $SO  and  $70  gold,  according  to  position  of  sleep- 
ing cabins,  all  having  the  same  privilege  in  the  saloons. 

Tourists'  tickets  at  reduced  prices. 

Steerage  passage,  $30  currency.  Passage  certificates  from  Europe 
to  all  points  in  the  Northwest  at  cheapest  rates.  Regular  physicians 
employed  on  all  steamers. 

Apply  to  H.  &  A.  ALLAN,  in  Montreal,  or  at  the 

GENERAL  WESTERN  AGENCY, 

No.  9  South  Clark  St.,  Chicago, 
Where  cabin  plans  may  be  seen  and  berths  secured  for  any  steamer. 

TEfiD.  S,  WINSLOW, 
FINANCIAL. 


FERD.    S.    WINSLOW, 

FOREIGN  BANKING  OFFICE 

No.  2  South  Clark  Street,  Loomis  Building, 

BELLS  GOLD  AND  GOLD  CHECKS  ON  NEW 
YORK  AT  NEW  YORK  RATES, 

Drafts  for  sale,  in  sums  to  suit,  on  England,  France,  Germany,  Scan- 
dinavia, Ac. 

186 


NATIONAL  STEAM  SHIP  COMPANY. 

(LIMITED.) 


BRITISH    STEAM    SHIPS. 


LOUISIANA  -    2,166  Tons, 
VIRGINIA     -    2,875     " 
QUEEN  -       -    3,517     " 
DENMABK     -    3,117     " 

FEANCE       . 


ENGLAND        -     3,450  Tons, 
EEIN  -      -      -     3,310     " 
HELVETIA      -     3,315     " 
PENNSYLVANIA,  2,872     " 
3,880  Tons, 


Sail  from  NEW  YORK  every  SATURDAY,  from 
Pier  47,  North  River. 

Accommodations  for  Passengers  good  as  —  if  not 
superior  —  to  any  other  Line. 


Cabin—  New  York  to  Liverpool       -       -       -       $100 

and  Eeturn    -         180 
Steerage  ........  30 

Through  Bills  of  Lading  given  from  all  parts  in  the 
Northwest  to  Liverpool,  London,  Glasgow,  Dublin, 
Belfast  and  Londonderry  ;  and  Time  guaranteed 
through  to  Liverpool  in  THIRTY  days,  via 

"WEBSTER'S  EUROPEAN  FREIGHT  LINE." 

S.  T.  WEBSTER,  General  Western  Agent, 

/#  Chamber  of  Commerce*   CAicaffOf  Itt. 

F.   W.  J.    HURST,  Manager, 

69  Broadway^  New  Tork. 
W,  B,  MACALISTEE,  General  Manager, 

LIYERFOOL. 

187 


CHANGE    OF    TIME. 


and 

APRIL   26, 

EXPRESS    TRAINS, 


WILL  LEAVE 


CHICAGO  FOR  BUFFALO, 

VIA. 

MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN 

AND 

LAKE   SHORE    RAI  LWAY, 

AS  FOLLOWS: 

8:00  a.m.,  5:15  and  9:00  p.m. 

The  only  line  running  through  trains  between  Chi- 
cago and  Buffalo  in  direct  connection  with  New  York 
Central  and  Erie  Railway. 

TheJ5:15  P.M.  train  leaves  Chicago  daily.  All  trains 
stop  at  Twenty-Second  St.  to  take  and  leave  passengers. 

F.    E.    MORSE, 

Gen.  Passenger  Agent. 

188 


KAILROAD  FROM  THE  ATLANTIC  to  the  PAOITIO, 
GRAND     OPENING 

OF    THB 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILROAD. 


_J 
j  i^ 

PASSENGER    TRAINS    LEAVE 

BKJiL^m 

On  the  Arrival  of  Trains  from  the  East. 


THROUGH  to  SAN  FRANCISCO 

In  leas  than  Four  days,  avoiding  the  Dangers  of  the  Sea  1 

Travelers  for  Pleasure,  Health  or  Business, 

Will  find  a  trip  over  the  Rocky  Mountains  Healthy  and  Pleasant. 


ON    THE    UNION    PACIFIC    RAILROAD. 


PULLMAN'S  PALACE  SLEEPING  CAES 

RUN  WITH  ALL  THROUGH  PASSENGER  TRAINS. 


GOLD,  SILVER  AND  OTHER  MINERS! 

Now  is  the  time  to  seek  your  Fortunes  in  Nebraska,  Wyoming,  Arizona, 

Washington,  Dakotah,  Colorado,  Utah,  Oregon,  Montana, 

New  Mexico,  Idaho,  Nevada  or  California. 


CONNECTIONS    MADE   AT 

Cheyenne  for  Denver,  Central  City  and  Santa  Fe. 

AT  OGDEN  AND  CORINNE  FOR  HELENA, 
BOISE  CITY,  VIRGINIA  CITY,  SALT  LAKE  CITY  &  AEIZONA, 

Through  Tickets  for  sale  at  all  principal  Railroad  Offices. 
Be  Sure  they  Read  via  Platte  Valley  or  Omaha, 

Company's  Office  72  La  Salle  St.,  opposite  City  Hall  and  Court  House 

Square,  CHICAGO.      CHAS.  E.  NICHOLs»,  Ticket  Agent. 

JOHN  P.  HART,  Gen'l  Trav.  Agent,  It  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago;  H. 

BKOWNSON,  Gen'l  Freight  Agent,  Omaha,  Neb.  ;  J.  BUDD,  Gen'l  Ticket 

Agent,  Omaha,  Neb. ;  W.  SNYDKR,  Gen'l  Supt.,  Omaha,  Neb. 

189 


Cunard  Line  of  Mail  Steamers, 

BETWEEN    NEW    YORK    AND    LIVERPOOL, 

CALLING   AT   QUBKMSTOWN. 

AUSTRALASIAN,  MALTA, 

ALEPPO,  PALMYRA, 

CHINA,  SAMARIA, 

CUBA,  SIBKRIA, 

HECLA,  TARIPA, 

JAVA,  TRIPOLI. 

One  of  the  above  First-Class  Iron  Mail  Steamers  are  intended  to  sail 
as  follows: 

From  LIVERPOOL,  (calling  at  Cork  Harbor)  for  NEW  YORK 
DIRKCT  every  SATURDAY. 

From  LIVERPOOL,  (calling  at  Cork  Harbor)  for  NEW  YORK 
via.  BOSTON  every  TUESDAY. 

From  NEW  YORK  for  LIVERPOOL,  (calling  at  Cork  Harbor)  every 
THURSDAY. 

Certificates  issued  to  bring  out  Passengers  from  any  part  of  Europe 
at  Lowest  Rates. 

For  Passage  apply  to  E.  CUNARD,  Trinity  Building,  111  Broadway, 
New  York,  or  to 

S.    ROWE, 
Adams  House,  Corner  Michigan  Ave.  and  Lake  Street,  CHICAGO. 

PERKINS,  STERN  &  CO.'S 

CALIFORNIA    WINES. 

We  guarantee  the  absolute  purity  of  all  our  Wines, 

Being  the  PIONEER  HOUSE,  and  owning  the  vineyards  from  which 
nearly  all  our  Wines  come,  we  are  able  to  offer  them  at  LOWER 
PRICES  than  good  genuine  Wines  can  be  sold  for  by  any  other  House. 

As  founders  of  the  Wine  trade  in  California,  we  have,  in  addition  to 
our  own  extensive  vineyards,  superior  facilities  for  securing  the 
choicest  products  of  the  State. 

We  would  ask  especial  attention  to  the  fact  that  our  ITou*e  is  the 
only  one  officially  endorsed  by  the  California  Wine  Grower*1 
Association,  Also,  to  the  following,  from  the  United  States  Sena- 
tors from  California  : 

"  We  are  satisfied  that  the  firm  of  PKRKINS,  STERN  £  Co.  sell  only 
genuine  California  Wines."  C.  COL«, 

JOHN  CONNBSS. 

t3T"  We  would  particularly  caution  the  public  against  inferior  and 
fictitious  articles  sold  under  the  name  of  California  Wines,  and  ask 
that  we  be  judged  by  no  Wines  but  our  own. 

Be  sure  and  ask  Tor  PERKINS,  STKRN  t  Co.  'a  California  Wines. 


«fc  OO  La,  Halle  Street. 
Represented  by         BENJAMIN   BRUCE,  Jr. 

190 


18GO.  18OO. 

Goodrich  Transportation  Company, 

e  i  r>  E  -  w  ii  E  E  JL, 

LINES. 


NEW    PASSENGER    STEAMERS 

MANITOWOC     AND      SHEBOYCAN, 

Leave  Alternately, 


FOR    MILWAUKEE 


Port  Washington,  Manitowoc  and  Two  Elvers, 

Every  Morning,  Sundays  excepted,  at  9  o'clock. 

The  same  Steamers  leave  MILWAUKEE  for  CHI- 
CAGO, alternately,  at  7  P.  M.,  DAILY. 

Saturday's  Boat  leaves  for  MILWAUKEE  at  8  P.  M. 

TUESDAY  EVENINGS  and  FRIDAY  MORN- 
INGS, Boats  go  through  to  KEWAUNEE  and  ALLNE- 
PEE,  stopping  at  all  other  Points  named  above. 

FARE,  Meals  and  Berths  Included  : 

TO  RAHINE,       -       -    $1  50 


MILWAUKEE  -  -  2  00 
"  PT.  WASHINGTON  3  00 
11  SHEBOYGAN  -  -  3  50 


TO  MANITOWOO  -  4  00 
•'  TWO  RIVERS  -  -  4  00 
11  KEWAUNEE  -  5  00 
"  AHNEPEE  -  -  5  00 


TRAVELING  BY  THE   BOATS,  (Board  included,) 

CHEAPER   THAN    STAYING  AT  HOME. 

Pare  (Meals  and  Berths  included)  $1,00  less  than  by  Eail. 

ALL   RAILROAD   TICKETS   GOOD  ON  THE   BOATS. 

Pare  to  Milwaukee,  (Meals  included,)  only  $2,00. 


Shippers  can  rely  on  prompt  dispatch  of  all  goods  delivered  up  to 
8  o'clock  A.  M. 

191 


STEAMERS  OEION  AND  ALPENA 

WILL  LEAVE  CHICAGO 

FOR  GRAND  HAVEN  &  MUSKEGON, 

Alternately,  every  Evening,  at  7  o'clock,  Sundays  exempted. 

(Arriving  at  Grand  Haven  in  time  for  Morning  Trains,) 

For    Grand    Rapids    and    Saginaw, 

And  all  Stations  on  D,  &  M,  R.  E.  ;  also  Connecting  with 

ENGELMANN'S    DAILY    LINE    STEAMERS, 

For  White  Hall,  Stoney  Creek,  Pent  Water.  Ludington   and 
Maniatee. 

Returning,  will  leave  MUSKEGON  every  Afternoon, 

and  GRAND  HAVEN  every  Evening,  on  arrival 

of  Trains  from  Detroit. 

FARE  LESS  THAN  BYNY  OTHER  ROUTES. 


JOSEPH, 

The  Speedy  Side-Wheel  Steamer,  COMET, 

Will  leave  for  ST.  JOSEPH  every  day,  (Sundays  ex- 

cepted,)  at  10  o'clock.    SATURDAY'S  Boat  will 

not  leave  until  11  o'clock  at  night. 

Returning,  will  leave  ST.  JOSEPH  every  Evening, 

(Saturdays  excepted,)  at  10  o'clock. 

FOR  UREENliflilENOMONEE, 

And  all  Intermediate  Points, 

STEAMERS  TRUESDELL  AND  ST,  JOSEPH-Semi-Weekly, 
TruesdeU  Leaves  Every  Tuesday  Evening,  at  7  o'clock, 

Fare,—-  Meals  and  Berths  included  : 
To  Washington  Harbor,  Bailey's  Harbor,  Fish 

Creek,  Green  Bay  and  Menomonee  .........  $6  00 

OOOT>  RICH'S    OMIVIJBUS    3L.HVE 

Will  convey  Passengers  and  their  Baggage  to  all  Hotels  and  Depots 

for  50  rents.     Baggage  checked  from  Boats  to  all  Hotels  and 

Depots,  and  also  to  any  part  of  the  City  at  Lowest  Rates. 
J^"  AU  Ooods  .for  above  named  Ports,  xhould  be  delivered  at 
OOUDRICH'S  STEAMBOAT  LANDIHQ.     For  further  information,  Freight  or 
Passage,  apply  to 

A.  E.  GOODRICH,  President. 

Docks  below  Rush  Street  Bridge. 
192 


J.  W.  DOANE  & 

WHOLESALE  GROCERS, 

&>  £51    Midiig-an.   A.venu.e, 

CHICAGO. 


CELEBRATED 

Cider  Vinegar. 

A    SPLENDID    ARTICLE. 

Warranted  fure,  and  to  Preserve  Tickles. 

First  Premium  awarded  at  the  U.  S.  Fair,  the  Illinois 
State  Fair,  and  Chicago  City  Fair. 

Largest  Works  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 

OHAELES  G.  E,  PRUSSINGr, 

33O  &  CM  1   Wtivte  Htreot,  Oliicago. 

Ask  your  Grocer  for  Prussing's  Vinegar. 

Royal   Baking   Powder 


Capital  ...         SI  00,000 

60  VESEY  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 

0.  A.  HOAGLAND,  President.  J.  C.  HOAGLAND,  Secretary. 

F.  H.  HALL,  Vice-  President.  WM.  M.  CLARKE,  Gen'l  Agent. 

Western  Office:    135  South  Water  Street, 

CHICAGO,   ILLS. 
13  193 


S  ^  1ST  ID  S' 

ALE  BREWING  COMPANY 


ITrecl.  -A..  *Wlieeler, 


Corner  of  Pearson  and  Pine  Streets, 

CHICAGO,    ILLS. 


B  :R,  :E -w  :E  :R,  s 


INDIA  PALE  ALES,  STOCK  ALES, 

PORTERS  AND  LAGER  BEER. 

194 


WALWORTHJWOHIG&  PURSE, 

Wrought  Iron,  Brass  anil 


T  UBI1VG, 

BRASS    AND    IRON    FITTINGS, 

Locomotive,  Marine  and  Stationary 

BOILERS  AND  ENGINES, 

STEAM  WABMING-  AND  VENTILATING  APPAEATUS. 

OFFICE  and  WABEHOUSE,  225Lake  St.,  J.  P  TT  T  P  A  P  0 

FACTOEY,  Franklin,  Cor.  Michigan,      »  \J  H  1  U  21  U  Ui 

S.  ».  MANN.  8.  D.  DAT. 

LOAN  and  REAL  ESTATE  OFFICE. 

MANN    &    DAY, 

17  TRIBUNE    BUILDING,         CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Buy,   Sell,  or  Exchange,  all  kinds  of  Real  Estate,  in  City  or  Country  ; 
Pay  Taxes  ;  also  Negotiate  Loans  on  Real  Estate  Securities,  and  buy 

short  Business  Paper. 

REFERKNCKS:  —  Hon.  J.  Y.  Scammon,  Chicago  ;  M.  D.  Ogden,  Esq., 
Chicago;  Hon.  B.  W.  Raymond,  Chicago;  Messrs.  Root  &  Cady, 
Chicago. 

DRS.  J.  G.  &  T.  H.  TEINE'S 

MOVEMENT  CURE, 

136    STATE    STREET. 

Dyspeptics,  Consumptives,   Paralytics,  those  suffering  from  Neuralgia, 
Rheumatism,  Constipation,  and  all  cases  of  Spinal  Curvature  and  Fe- 
male Weakness,  will  find  the   Movement  Cure  the  most  appropriate, 
safe,  certain,  and  agreeable  means  of  restoration. 
Call  or  send  for  Illustrated  Circular. 

195 


MANN,  SHEARS  &  CO., 

Importers  and  Jobbers  in 

WINES,  BRANDIES, 


And  Dealers  in 


FINE  KENTUCKY  WHISKEYS, 

53  South  Water  Street, 
CHICAGO. 


We  make  a  specialty  of 

OLD  COPPER  DISTILLED  WHISKEYS, 

From   Bourbon,   Nelson,    Woodford    and    Anderson 

Counties,  Kentucky. 

196 


NORTH  WESTERN 

LABOR  EXCHANGE  AGENCY 

AND 

Chicago  Information  and  Garden  City  Guide* 

OFFICE  : 

92  EAST  RANDOLPH  STREET. 

Established,    in    18G8. 

BEST  MALE  OR  FEMALE  HELP  FURNISHED, 

ON  SHORT  NOTICE, 

To  Farmers,  Merchants,  Manufacturers, 

CONTRACTORS  AND  HOUSEKEEPERS. 


SITUATIONS  FOUND 

For  all  parties  desiring  employment. 


INFORMATION   GIVEN    UPON   ALL    SUBJECTS. 


BRANCH     OFFICES 

In  New  York,  Boston,  Detroit  and  Cincinnati 

HUNTER   &   WOOD, 

02  East  Randolph  Street,  CHICAGO. 
197 


J.  WALSH  &  CO., 

General-  Transfer  anil  Skipping  Apts, 

16    <:HA.tlKI-:i£    OF    COMMERCE. 


Property  consigned  to  our  care  will  be  promptly  de- 
livered in  any  part  of  the  city,  or  transferred  to  any 
Railway  Depot  or  Steamboat  Dock,  and  the  lowest  rates 
of  freight  and  insurance  secured  for  shippers.  Bills  of 
Lading  made  to  shippers  and  consignees. 


JAMES   WALSH!, 

AGENT 

North-Western  Union   and   Northern  Packet  Line, 

16  Chamber  of  Commerce,  -  CHICAGO. 

LACLEDE   HOTEL, 

J.  A.  SAMPLE,  PROP'R, 

Corner  Madison  and  Canal  Sts.,       CHICAGO,  ILL 

This  new  and  commodious  House  is  now  open  to  the 
public.  It  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  conveniently  lo- 
cated Hotels  in  the  city,  being  directly  opposite  the 

PITTSBURG  &  FORT  WAYNE  AND  CHICAGO 
&  ST.  LOUIS  DEPOTS. 

The  building  is  a  new  brick,  constructed  on  the  most 
approved  plans,  and  finished  up  with  all  modern  im- 
provements. It  is  complete  and  handsomely  furnished 
with  all  New  Furniture,  Carpets  and  Spring  Beds,  and 
has  all  the  conveniences  of  a 


FIRST    CLASS    HOTEL. 

use  art 
d  to  th 

198 


Persons  stopping  at  tkis  House  are  assured  that  every  attention 
will  be  shown  them  that  may  add  to  their  pleasure  and  comfort. 


Dealer  in 


FINE  WATCHES,  JEWELRY, 

Diamonds,  Silver  Goods,  Gold  Pens, 
Spectacles,  &c. 

AGENT    FOR   AMERICAN   WATCHES. 

Sign  of  toe  Golden  Eagle, 

135  CLARK  ST.,        -        COR.  OF  MADISON, 
CHICAGO. 


REPAIRING  ACCURATELY  DONE, 
109 


C.  T.  BELDINC  *  CO., 


Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in 


Jr{ 

kj 


CLOTHING! 

96  &  98  RANDOLPH  ST., 

COR.  DEARBORN. 


Clothing  Made  to  Order 


SHORT    1VOTIOE. 

200 


(See  next  page.) 


201 


M.  E.  PAGE.  R.  p.  PATTISON. 

M.  E.  PAGE  &  CO. 

WHOLESALE 

CONFECTIONERS! 

24    MICHIGAN    AVENUE, 

Manufacturers  of 


GJ-  U  IvI, 

CREAM  AND  CORDIAL  ¥ORI 


The  Confectionery  House  of  this  firm,  a  cut  of  which  appears  on 
the  opposite  page,  is  the  largest  and  most  complete  concern  of  the  kind 
in  the  United  States.  They  occupy  the  whole  of  the  immense  building 
for  the  different  departments  of  their  business,  and  have  spared  no 
expense  in  arranging  it  for  turning  out  the  different  descriptions  of 
Confectionery  manufactured  by  them,  In  the  most  complete  and  expe-v 
ditious  manner.  The  firm  employ  from  70  to  80  hands  constantly,  th  eir 
daily  consumption  of  sugar  being  from  80  to  40  barrels,  and  their  an- 
nual sales  will  exceed  a  half  million  of  dollars.  The  firm  pride  them- 
selves on  using  nothing  but  the  choicest  brands  of  Loaf  and  A  sugars, 
and  their  goods  have  an  extensive  and  well  known  reputation  for  their 
purity  and  delicious  Savors. 

A  visit  to  their  establishment,  where  you  will  be  kindly  received 
by  one  of  the  gentlemanly  proprietors  of  the  concern,  will  repay  the 
time  and  trouble  taken.  (Seepage  201.) 

202 


pent 


ousc 


rt 


CHICAGO,  ILLINOIS, 

AITKEN    &    FULLER,      -    -     PROPRIETORS. 


An  American  Review  of  the  Fine  Arts. 

CHICAGO  : 
PUBLISHED   BY  J.   F.    AITKEN    &    CO. 

OPERA    HOUSE    ART    GALLERY. 


CABINET  MAKERS'  HARDWARE. 


g  T.  L.  WAYNE, 
§  J.L.WAYNE,  Jr. 


Represented  by 
ARLETON 


COFFIN  GOODS,  TRIMMINGS,  ETC. 


AGENTS   FOB  THE  SALE  OP 

AMERICAN  BURIAL  CASES. 

203 


EXCELSIOR    VINEGAR    WORKS. 

FREDERICK     WEIGLE,     PROP'R, 

Manufacturer  of  Cider,  Pickle  and  Double 


Kos.  189  &  191  8.  CANAL  ST.  Cor.   Jackson,  CHICAGO. 

All  Vinegar  guaranteed  Pure,  and  to  keep  Pickles  in  all  instances,  and 

of  such  strength   as  desired  and  agreed  upon.     First  Premiums  have 

been  awarded  for  my  brands  of  Vinegar  wherever  exhibited. 

SCANLAN  BRO.  &  COLBURN, 

S  T  3B  A.  M 

MANUFACTURING  CONFECTIONERS ! 

AND    WHOLESALE   DEALERS   IK 

FANCY  GROCERIES,  CIGARS,  &.C. 
78  STATE  STREET,  -  -  VHICAQO. 

MORTIMER  SCANLAN.  J.  J.  FITZGIBBON. 

SCANLAN  &  FITZGIBBON, 

Produce  and  General 

Commission  Merchants 

191  SOUTH  WATER  ST.,  CHICAGO. 

Particular  attention  given  to  the  sale  of  Provisions,  Flour,  Grain,  Drie 
and  Green  Fruits,  Ac. 

SAIM'L  MYERS  &   CO., 

DISTILLERS  OF 

RYE   MALT   WHISKY 

ALCOHOL  AND  PURE  SPIRITS, 

Also,  Manufacturers  of  WHITE  WINE  AND  CIDER  VINEGAR,  an 
Dealers  in  Imported  Liquors, 

268  and  27O  East  Madison  St.,    (P.O.  Box  188)     CHICAGO 
Rye  Whisky  of  our  own  distillation,  three  and  four  years  old. 

204 


AIKENS 

DEARBORN  THEATRE, 

III  A  113  DEARBORN  STREET, 

Bet.  Madison  &  "Washington. 

FRANK  i  .  v  i  iv i : \ ,  SUM:  i. s ;s i ; i:  &  MANAGER. 

This  new  and  beautiful  Temple  of  the  Drama,  opened  on  the  18th  of 

January  last,  by  FRANK  E.  AIKEN,  and  his  Comedy  Company, 

acknowledged  by  the  Press  and  Public  to  be 

THE  THEATRE  OF  THE  WEST! 

Is  now  in  the  full  tide  of  success,  and  nightly  presenting 

NEW   .AJVJD   EJL.EOA.TSTT  JEML.A.YS 

To  Crowded  and  Delighted  Audiences. 


THE     COMPANY 

Is  the  same  that,  for  the  past  fire  years,  was  at  the  Museum  in  this  city, 

when  that  establishment  was  open  and  under  the  manage- 

ment of  FRANK  E.  AIKKN,  and  are  all  recognized 


ADMISSION  .........................................  SO  Cents 

Reserved  Seat  in  Dress  Circle  .....................  .  .  75  Cents 

Stalls,  Orchestra  Circle  and  Balcony  ...............       $1.OO 

Family  Circle  ......................  *.  ..................  3O  Cents 

Private  Boxes  ................................  £5.00  and  $6.00 


Admission  to  Matinee 3O  Cents 

Reserved  Seats SO  Cents 

Private  Boxes $2. 00  and  $3.00 

Evening  Performance  commences  at  qnarter  before  Eight— Afternoon 
Performance  commences  at  half-past  Two. 

RESBRVED  SEATS  can  be  procured  at  the  principal  Hotels,  and  at 
the  Box  Office,  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  p.  M. 

205 


Iff.  B.  BOYDEltt, 

REAL  ESTATE  &  GENERAL  BROKER, 

Room  No,  1, 106  Madison  St.,  CHICAGO. 

Large  Lists  of  City  and  Country  Property  always  for 
Sale. 

LOANS    NEGOTIATED. 

ISAAC  R.  HITT,  late  Agent  State  Bank.    SETH  W.  HARDIN,  JR.,  late 

Cu*hman.  ffardin  &  £ro.t  Bankers.    WILLIS  M.  HITT, 

late  of  LaSalle,  III. 

HITT,    HARDIN    &    HITT, 

EEAL  ESTATE  &  LOAN  AGENCY, 

Boom  No.  10  Tribune  Building, 
Comer  of  Madison  and  Eeartora  Sts.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Loans  negotiated  and  Taxes  paid  in  all  the  States  and  Territories. 
JAMES  R.  STANLEY,  NOTARY  PUBLIC. 

BOBBRT   C.    GIVIXS.  JAMES    H.    GILBERT. 

G-IVINS  &  GILBERT, 
AfTORNEYS-AT-LAW, 

Heal  Estate  Dealers  and  Loan  Brokers, 

OFFICE: 
ROOM  3,  TRIBUNE  BUILDING,       CHICAGO. 

JOHN  K    WINCHELL, 

ARCHITECT, 

129  Dearborn  St., Booms  7  &  8,  CHICAGO. 


Plans  and  Specifications  for  all  descriptions  of  Private  and  Public 
Bnildings,  Stores,  Churches,  Schools,  etc.,  furnished  at  low  and 
reasonable  rates. 

Orders  Promptly  Attended  to. 

206 


J.   X.   BURCHKLL.  B.   F.   JACOBS. 

J.  E.  BURCHELL  &  CO. 

DEALERS  IN 

Real  Estate, 

123  WASHINGTON  ST., 

Improved   and  Unimproved   City  Property, 
Suburban  Lots,  Western  Lands,  <Stc. 

REFERENCES:— Lunt,  Preston  &  Kean,  and  Tyler,  Ullman  &  Co., 
Bankers,  J.  V.  Farwell,  Jno.  B.  Drake,  Hon.  Samuel  Hoard,  Chicago; 
Theo.  Polhemus  &  Co.,  P.  Balen  &  Co.,  Phelps,  Jewett  &  Co.,  New 
York;  Geo.  H.  Stuart,  Philadelphia;  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  Wash- 
ington;  M.  W.  Pond,  J.  8.  Paine,  Boston;  Gen.  J.  F.  Rathbone, 
Albany;  Second  National  Bank,  Gen.  C.  B.  FSsk,  St.  Louis;  Osgood, 
Smith  tt  Co.,  Indianapolis;  Wm.  Reynolds,  A.  G.  Tyng,  Peoria;  Col. 
W.  B.  Smith,  Omaha. 

FIRE   EXTINGUISHER. 

$200,000,000  Worth  of  Property  annually  destroyed  by  Pire 
in  the  Uuited  States. 

The  Babcock  Extinguisher  is  offered 
to  the  Public  as  a  remedy.  Eighty  to 
ninety  per  cent,  of  all  fires  are  dis- 
covered  in  their  incipiency,  but  there 
are  no  ready  means  to  put  them  out. 
Five  minutes  delay,  and  the  steam  fire 
engines  may  not  control  them,  and  if 
in  season  to  arrest  the  flames,  the 
damage  by  flooding  the  property  with 
water  is  often  greater  than  by  fire. 
Two  minutes  with  the  Extinguisher, 
when  first  discovered,  would  save  all. 
Delay  brings  ruin.  "Prevention  is 
better  than  cure. " 

Always  ready  !  Never  fails  !  Easily 
carried.  W vlglis  only  75 pounds 
filled.  Six  Gallons  in  the  Engine 
charged  equal  to  450  Gallons  common 
water.  Charged  in  thirty  seconds. 
Can  be  re-charged  in  one  minute. 
Throws  SIXTY  FEET.  Puts  out 
burtiing  Kerosene,  Benzine,  Tar,  etc. 

Price,  $50-00.    Charges,  50  Ots.  each.    Send  for  Circular, 
The  Northwestern  Fire  Extinguisher  Co. 

F.  W.  FARWBLL,  Sec'y,  1'2'2  Washington  St.,  Chicago. 

207 


F.  A.   BRACC   &  CO., 

1STAT! 


AHD 

llonsso  Renting- 


LOANS  NEGOTIATED  ON  REAL  ESTATE  SECURITY. 


Particular  attention  given  to  the  Payment  of   Taxes,  Collection  of 
Rents,  &c. 

139   DEARBORN    ST.,  CHICAQO. 

JOS.  B.  CHANDLER, 

Real    Estate    Broker, 

Room  No.  9,  Speed's  Block, 
IVo.  135    I>EA.£iBOIi]V   STREET, 

Between  Washington  and  Madison  Sts,      -      -      CHICAGO,  ILL. 
Large  Lists  of  Improved  and  Unimproved  Property  always  for  sale. 

LOANS   NEGOTIATED. 

Investments  made,  Titles  Examined,  Taxes  Paid,  Rents  Collected. 

WILLIAM  H.    RICK.  t.   W.    WADSWORTH. 

RICE  &  WADSWORTH, 

leal   Estate  Brofcersf 

87    WASHINGTON    STREET, 

Rooms  No,  1  and  4.  CJI1ICAX5O. 

MONEY  ADVANCED   ON   GOOD  REAL    ESTATE    SECURITIES. 

1YEAAS   &   MA1UZ, 


REYNOLDS'   BLOCK, 

B.  W.  Cor.  Deartora  and  Madison  Sts.,  CHICAGO,    ILL. 

208 


THE 


BERLIN   I! 

PHOTOGRAPH! 

From  Re-Touched  Negatives, 

MADE   ONLY  AT 

CARBUTT'S 


FARLOR    FLOOR, 

Photograph  Studio, 

24  WASHING-TON  ST., 

(Next  to  Wabash  Ave.) 

Has  all  the  beauty  of  the  Porcelain  Miniature,  and 
duplicate  copies  can  be  had  at  same  cost  of  ordinary 
Photographs. 

Operating  Hours,  from  9  a.m.  to  4  p.m. 
14  209 


H 

TINTYPE  &  FERROTYPE 


fil 
LAKE 

CHICAGO. 


PICTURES   OF  ALL    SIZES 

Taken  and  Finished  in  a  very  few  minutes. 

Small  Sizes  only  Ti eity-five  cts.  per  floz. 

LARGER,    PROPORTIONATELY  CHEAP. 


Albums,  Frames  and  Cases 


O3ST 
210 


FAIRBANKS' 

STANDARD 

SCALES! 

Nearly  200  Modifications. 

Also,    "Warehouse    Trucks,    Grain    Wagons,   Baggage 
Barrows,  Money  Drawers,  Letter  Presses,  &c. 

WESTERN    WAREHOUSES: 

FAIRBANKS,   GREENLEAP  &  CO., 

226  and  228  Lake  Street,  CHICAGO. 
2O9  Market  Street,  St.  L<wis. 

Scales  Repaired  Promptly. 

•       • 

IYIATHUSHEK 

PIANO  FORTE  CO., 

DEPOT,  -  1O9  DEARBORN  STREET ', 

Also,  Agency  of 

PHELPS  4  GOODMAN'S  ORGANS  AND  1ELODEONS. 

Special  attention  invited  to  the  Orchestral  (common 
sized  square),  and  Colibri,  "  the  great  soul  in  a  small 
body."  The  Patent  Linear  Bridge  gives  to  these  in- 
struments marvelous  power  and  uuequaled  tone. 

The  two  highest  Diplomas  and  Medals  of  the  Great 
Fair  of  the  American  Institute,  Oct.,  1867. 

Agents  throughout  the  Northwest  wanted. 
SIDNEY  W.  SEA, 

Gen'lAf/ent  /or  Went  and  Worthiest, 
109  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago,  111. 
211 


G.  H.   NORRIS  &  CO, 


ROOM  1,  U.  S.  EXPRESS  BUILDING, 

Corner  Clark  and  Lake  Streets. 
Entrance:    128   LAKE    STREET. 


AGENTS    FOR 

PURCHASE  AND  SALE  OF  REAL  ESTATE, 

For  Leasing  and  Collecting  Bents  in  Oity  of  Chicago, 

ALSO, 

DEALERS  IN  LANDS  IN  ILLINOIS  AND 

ADJOINING    STATES. 

Pay  Taxes  and  Investigate  Titles. 

SAMPSON  SCALE  GO. 


J.    S.    ORIFFITH    &,    CO., 

N.  W.  COR.   LAKE   AND    LA    SALLE    STS.,   CHICAGO. 
General  Agents  for  the  Northwest. 

212 


D.  M.  GRAHAM.  J.  W.  FREE.  D.  L.  PERRY, 

Notary  Public. 


GRAHAM,  PERRY  &  CO., 

Real  Estate 


AND 


Loan  Agents, 

Eoom  8  Major  BPk,  cor,  LaSalle  &  Madison  St, 

CHICAQO. 

Parties  looking  for  investments  will  find  on  our 
books  a  choice  list  of  Business  and  Residence  Property, 
improved  and  unimproved,  in  the  city.  Some  very- 
desirable  acre  tracts  suitable  for  sub-division,  outside 
old  limits. 

1,000      LOTS 

and  75  Acres,  in  tracts  of  from  %  to  10  acres,  at  Jef- 
ferson, only  25  minutes  by  steam  cars,  and  one  hour's 
drive  on  good  plank  road.  Payments  can  be  made 
monthly,  quarterly  or  yearly.  Lands  and  Town  Prop- 
erty, improved  and  unimproved,  in  all  of  the  Western 
States,  for  sale  and  exchange. 
213 


D.  WITKOWSKY,  Sr., 

A  Merchant  of  prominent  standing-  for  twenty-two 
years  in  this  city,  offers  to  the  Public  at  the 

STAR, 

Clothing  Store 

AND  THE 

STAB  HAT,  CAP  AND  FUR  STORE, 

ONE  OF  THE 

Finest   and   Best   Selected   Stocks, 

That  was  ever  offered  before  in  his  line  in  this 
Market.    He  will  give  his  personal  atten- 
tion to  his  customers.    A  very  tine 
line  of 

Gents'  Furnishing  Goods 

May  be  found  at  all  times  in  his  Stock. 
A  fine  line  of 

French,  Belgian,  German,  Scotch  and  West  of  England 

CLOTHS,  CASSI1ERES,  DOESKINS,  AND  RICH  SILK  VELVETS, 

For  the  Custom  Department, 
AIVWA.Y8    ItE£»T    OIV    IIANO, 

Nos.  64  &  66  Eaudolph  St.,  and  66,  68  &  70  State  St» 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

214 


A.  J.  AVERELL, 

G.  M.  HIGGINSON, 

REAL  ESTATE  BROKERS, 

NO.  7  METROPOLITAN  BLOCK, 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 

Sell  on  Commission  First  Class  Business  and  Residence 
Property,  centrally  located,  Imp  roved  and  Unimproved; 
also  Lands  by  the  Acre  in  the  City  of  Chicago  and  its 
Suburbs. 

A  large  list  of  Valuable  Property  now  for  sale,  to 
which  the  attention  of  the  public  is  respectfully  directed. 

G.  8.  HUBBARD,  Jr.  R.  N.  JACKSON. 

HUBBARO  &  JACKSON, 

REAL  ESTATE  AND  LOAN  BROKERS, 

No.     121     DEARBORN    STREET, 

CHICAGO. 

GEO.  W.  WAITE  &  SON, 

EEAL  ESTATE  DEALERS, 

JtOOM  9,  TRIBUNE  BUILDING, 

Corner  Madison  and  Dearborn  Streets, 

CHICAQO. 

215 


Grlrl  JE3.A.T 

EAST  INDIA  TEA  COMPANY 

83  State  and  116  Clark  Sts. 


We  Import  our  om  Teas  and  Coffees, 

AND  RETAIL  T  HI-MI   AT 

NEW    YORK    CARGO    PRICES. 

STURGES,  MCALLISTER  &  co,, 

Commission  Merchants  for  the  Sale  of 

WOOLEN  &  COTTON  GOODS 


WOOJLi, 

Nos.  80  and  82  Wabasli  Ave,,       CHICAGO. 


«.    If.   MARKS. 

s&  co., 

Licensed  Pawnbrokers 

AND   DEALKR8    IN 

WATOHES,  JEWELEY  AND  PRECIOUS  STONES, 

281  South  Clark  St.,  Corner  Van  Buren, 
Prirate  entrance  on  Van  Buren,  CHICAGO. 

Liberal  advances  made  on  Merchandise  of  every  description,  and 
Cash  paid  for  old  Gold  and  Silver,  Gold  Duat,  Silver  Ore,  Old  Coins, 

Curiosities,  Ac. 

216 


THOS.  LORD,  53  Cedar  St.,  N.  Y.  L.  H.  SMITH,  Chicago. 

G.  W.  STOUTKNBURGH,  Chicago. 

LORD  &  SMITH, 

Importers  and  Wholesale  Dealers  in 


]\/J 


EDICINES, 


CHEMICALS, 

PERFUMERY  AND  TOILET  ARTICLES, 

^PATENT  ^EDICINES,    JOINTS,   PILS,    ^TARNISHES, 

BRUSHES,  WINDOW  GLASS, 
AND 

DRUGGISTS'    GLASSWARE,    DYE    STUFFS, 

And  Manufacturers'  Stock  generally, 

86  WABASH  Av.  AND  1  2  DEARBORN  PLACE, 

CHICAQO,    ILL. 


Orders  Executed  Promptly  at  lowest  Market  Prices. 


QUALITY  OF  GOODS  GUARANTEED. 


Being  now  well  settled  in  our  New  Store,  No.  86 
Wabash  Avenue,  and  having  greatly  increased  facili- 
ties of  every  kind  for  doing  business,  we  shall  make 
renewed  efforts  to  merit  the  approbation  of  all  who 
may  favor  us  with  their  orders.  Our  terms  are  cash, 
rendering  statements  on  the  2oth  of  each  month. 
217 


0.  R.  KEITH. 

EDSON  KEITH. 


E.  G.  KEITH. 

J.  L.  WOODWARD. 


Manufacturers  and  Jobbers  of 


MILLINERY  &  STRAW  GOODS 


Buffalo  Robes,  Buck  Goods,  Umbrellas,  &c, 


68  &  7O  Wabash  Avenue 

And  3  A  4  Dearborn  Place, 


CHICAGO. 

218 


BOWEW, 


& 
WlWSLOW., 


DRY  GOODS ! 


15  and  17  Randolph  Street. 


We  Buy  and  Sell  Goods  on  a  Cash  Basis,  are  under 
light  expenses,  and  are  determined  our  customers  shall 
own  their  Goods  cheaper  than  those  of  any  other  house 
in  the  country. 

Orders  carefully  filled  at  lowest  rates. 
219 


JA8.   W.   SCOVILLE.  J.   D.   HARVEY. 

SGOYIIiLE  &  HARYEY, 


AND  LOAN  BROKERS, 

No.  41  Metropolitan  B  fockt 


f 

We  have  for  Sale  at  all  times  a  choice  list  of 


SUBURBAN  AND  INSIDE  PROPERTY, 


NEGOTIATED  ON  THE  MOST  FAVORABLE  TERMS. 

SPECIAL   ATTENTION   GIVEN   TO    THE    MAN 

AOEMENT  OF  PROPERTY  FOR 

NON-RESIDENTS. 

220 


A.TSD     WOOLENS, 


42,  44  and  46  Wabash 


JOHN  K.  HARMON. 

BENJAMIN  F.  RAY. 


We  make  largest  sales,  because  we  sell  cheaper 
than  our  neighbors. 

Orders  will  receive  prompt  and  careful  attention. 

We  do  not  interfere  with  the  retailer  by  retailing 
ourselves,  but  are  content  to  sell  only  at  wholesale. 
221 


S.  H.   KERFOOT.  J.  F.   PIEKSON. 

Chicago    Real    Estate   Agency 
OF 

S.  H.  KERFOOT  &  CO., 

Established    Seventeen    Years. 

We  have,  since  1852,  been  uninterruptedly  engaged  in  the 

General  Real  Estate  Agency  and  Brokerage, 

IN  TEE  GBOWING  CIT7  OF  CHICA30,  ILLINOIS. 
We  manage  Estates  and  pay  Taxes  in  ILLINOIS,  WISCONSIN. 
IOWA,  MINNESOTA,  and  the  North-West  generally.  We  buy  and 
sell  Real  Estate  for  residents  and  non-residents.  We  have,  at  our  own 
expense,  compiled  a  most  complete  ATLAS  OF  CHICAGO,  showing  all 
subdivisions  of  Lots  and  Blocks,  the  sizes  and  locations  of  the  same, 
and  giving  every  information  regarding  Chicago  City  Real  Estate 
which  an  Atlas  can  be  made  to  give.  Our  Office  Real  Estate  Bulletin 
always  shows  a  Choice  and  Desirable  List  of  Lots,  Hlttcks,  Lnnds, 
River  Fronts,  Manufacturing  and  Business  Property,  al- 
ways for  Sale. 

To  Capitalists  seeking  investments  we  offer  every  inducement  to  con- 
sult our  Office,  and  we  pledge  ourselves  to  do  our  very  best  to  protect 
their  interests. 

The    Unparalleled    Growth   of  Chicago, 
The  unquestionable  reality  of  her  increase  In  Commerce,    Manufac- 
tures,  Rail   Roads,   Grain  Trade,  Lumber  Business,   and  all  lines  of 
traffic,  makes  the  growth  certain  to  continue.     The  continuance  of  the 
growth  of  Chicago,  even  at  a  moderate  and  healthy  pace,  makes 
Chicago  Real  Estate  Invi-ttttnent*  better  than  any  Stocks, 

or  Itoiul  and  Mortgage. 

£^-  We  do  NOT  advise  buying  and  selling.  We  counsel  perma- 
nent investments.  These,  when  judiciously  made,  always  pay  when 
held  for  a  few  years. 

We  invite  correspondence  and  inquiry,  personally  or  by  letter,  and 
will  promptly  give  the  information  asked. 

Our  Senior  Partner  is  the  President  of  the  Chicago  Board  of  Real 
Estate  Brokers,  and  its  rules  govern  our  office. 


The  Presidents  and  Cashiers  of  the  First,  Second  and  Third  National 

Banks,  Chicago. 

Sol.  A.  Smith,  President  Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  Chicago. 
Hon.  Win.  Bross,  President  Manufacturers'  National  Bank,  Chicago. 
The  Chicago  Commercial  Community  generally. 
Charles  MacAlester,  Ksq.,  Philadelphia. 
William  G.  Harrison,  Esq.,  Baltimore. 
Robert  J.   Brent,  Esq.,  " 

Thos.  H.  Faile,  Esq.,  Water  St.,  cor.  of  Pine,  New  York. 
John* Ferguson,  Esq.,  36  Pine  Street,  New  York. 
Franklin  Haven,  Esq.,  Merchants'  National  Bank,  Boston. 
Peter  Hubbel,  Esq.,  Charlestown  and  Boston. 
John  H.  Shoenberger,  Esq.,  I'ittsburg,  Pa. 
Hon.  Lyman  Trumbull,    Washington,  D.  0. 
Hon.  Norman  B.  Judd, 
Hon.  John  F.  Farnsworth,        " 
Hon.  Robert  C.  Schenck,          " 

222 


Farm  and  Fruit  Lands  in  the  Garden  State. 
The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Co. 

OFFER   FOR   SAI.K,    IN   TRACTS  OF  40  ACRES   AND   UPWARDS, 

G3O,OOO   A<JK,E2S    OF 


All  lying  adjacent  to  this  Railway,  and  none  being  farther  from 
it  than  15  miles. 


marvelous  fertility,  has  a  national  reputation. 

These  lands  are  now  offered  at  from  $7  to  $12  per  acre,  (with  some 
few  tracts  at  higher  figures,)  rated  according  to  quality  and  nearness 
to  stations. 

TITLE  IN  FEE  SIMPLE  PROM  THE  STATB. 

TERMS  or  PAYMENT  : — These  lands  are  sold  on  credit  or  for  cash. 
A  deduction  of  ten  per  cent,  from  the  credit  price  is  made  to  those  who 
purchase  for  cash. 

ALL  STATION  AGENTS  ON  THE  LINE  ARE  PROVIDED  WITH  PLATS,  showing 
the  lands  for  sale  In  their  vicinity.  Persons  coining  through  Chicago 
can  call  at  the  office  in  the  Land  Department  Building,  68  Michigan 
Avenue,  opposite  the  Great  Central  Depot,  where  prices  and  a  pam- 
phlet giving  information  upon  all  points  will  be  furnished  ;  or  address, 
by  letter,  for  the  same,  to 

JOHN    B.    CAL.HOUN,  Land   Commissioner, 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  Co.,  CHICAGO,  ILL. 

223    , 


- 

ESTATE  DEALER 


13  3R.  O  »^  33 


•      . . 


i 1 4  r  ..t  i>f o  tfe 


PROPERTY  BOUGHT,  SOLD 


' 


Specia?  attentioiri  given  t 


Cincinnati, 

ingtyu    City,    New   Yr  -     -..-  -  :ugtot> 

.  '-OrleansjjM^bil^ 

- 


